6西格瑪因果矩陣

1、6西格瑪因果矩陣圖范例：圓圓周焊接接不良率率低減50%CauseandEffectsMatrix因果矩陣陣目的的CauseandEffects(C&E)Matrix因果矩陣陣為流程圖的的后續(xù)關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián)作業(yè)業(yè)討論C&EMatrix的步驟將C&EMatrix和流程改改善中的的后續(xù)步步驟相銜銜接練習(xí)C&EMatrix因果矩陣陣流程改善善方法論論步驟：流程量量測(cè)規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目目并確認(rèn)認(rèn)流程輸輸入輸出出主要變量量對(duì)于主要要測(cè)量系系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行能力力分析執(zhí)行短期期流程能能力研究究并評(píng)估估控制計(jì)劃劃control plan步驟：流程分分析完成FMEA并評(píng)估控控制制計(jì)劃完成多變變量分析析并鑒別別潛在的的主要輸入入重新檢討討資

2、料重重點(diǎn)區(qū)分分主要輸入變量量步驟：流程改改善應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)試驗(yàn)確確認(rèn)關(guān)鍵鍵的輸入入決定最佳佳的操作作程序更改控控制計(jì)計(jì)劃步驟：流程控控制完成流程程控制計(jì)計(jì)劃持續(xù)的確確認(rèn)流程程穩(wěn)定性性和能力力漏斗效應(yīng)應(yīng)測(cè)量MEASURE分析ANALYZE改善IMPROVE控制CONTROL30+輸入10-158 -104 -83 -6所有變量量Xs找出顯著著因素找出主要要因素找到關(guān)鍵鍵因素Xs控制關(guān)鍵鍵變量Xs關(guān)鍵的輸輸入XsProcess MapsC&EMatrixFMEAMulti-VaristudiesDesignofExperiments(DOE)Control Plans項(xiàng)目敘述述ProcessMap流程

3、圖C &EMatrix因果矩陣陣初步的FMEAMSA測(cè)量系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)分析流程能力力研究Multi-VariStudies多變量分分析測(cè)量MEASURE分析ANALYZE改善IMPROVE控制 CONTROLDOE試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)(或其他改改善方法法)控制計(jì)劃劃交接訓(xùn)練練最終流程程能能力研究究項(xiàng)目責(zé)權(quán)權(quán)移交最終項(xiàng)目目報(bào)告項(xiàng)目追蹤蹤C(jī)auseandEffectsMatrix因果矩陣陣此為簡(jiǎn)易易的Quality Function Deployment(QFD)質(zhì)量功能能展開矩矩陣，強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了解解客戶需需求的重重要性以流程圖圖為主要要依據(jù)，使主要要輸入和和輸出依據(jù)對(duì)客客戶的重重要性來(lái)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)（打分）主要輸輸出根據(jù)與輸

4、輸出之間間的關(guān)系系來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)價(jià)（打分分）主要要輸入（顧客需需求）相相關(guān)聯(lián)CauseandEffectsMatrix輸出C&E輸出可以以在FMEA及control plans作更深入的的分析C&E輸出可以以作為MeasurementPhase中流程能力力分析的的輸入C&E輸出可以以作為control Plan初步評(píng)估估的輸入Cause& EffectsMatrix步驟1.從流程圖圖確認(rèn)關(guān)關(guān)鍵的顧顧客需求求(輸出)2.對(duì)每項(xiàng)輸輸出排序序并指定定重要權(quán)權(quán)數(shù)(1到10等級(jí)）3.從流程圖圖確認(rèn)所所有流程程步驟和和輸入低相關(guān)性性：輸入變變量（數(shù)數(shù)量、質(zhì)質(zhì)量等）的變化化對(duì)輸出出變異的的影響較較輕微高相關(guān)性性：輸

5、入變量量的變化化對(duì)輸出出變異有有顯著的的影響4.評(píng)估評(píng)估估每個(gè)輸輸入與每每個(gè)輸出出之間的的相關(guān)系系數(shù)5.將輸出與與輸入入之間的的相關(guān)系系數(shù)與與其重要要性權(quán)數(shù)數(shù)之乘積相相加輸入輸出噴漆外殼處理理涂料類別別主要類別別溶劑濃度度色彩涂料厚度度涂料軟硬硬樣式表面處理理輸入輸出訂單登錄錄電話線數(shù)數(shù)傳真速度度Email方式產(chǎn)品價(jià)格格產(chǎn)品可獲獲性訂單及時(shí)時(shí)確認(rèn)預(yù)定交貨貨日訂單號(hào)碼碼非制造業(yè)Process Map范例流程圖范范例輸入變量類型作業(yè)步驟輸出變量輸入變量類型作業(yè)步驟輸出變量脫脂濃度脫脂溫度脫脂壓力熱水洗溫度熱水洗壓力防銹濃度防銹溫度防銹壓力干燥溫度傳送帶速度清掃頻度換水頻度下蓋上蓋殼體脫脂劑類型防銹

6、劑類型部品清洗材料供給脫脂清洗熱水洗凈防銹空氣干燥檢查裝箱CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC部品清潔度部品干燥度部品外觀防銹效果焊接電流焊接電壓焊接時(shí)間焊口電流焊口電壓At流量CO2流量焊槍角度焊絲對(duì)中母材間距作業(yè)技能焊絲型號(hào)上蓋殼體導(dǎo)電嘴焊槍夾具送絲裝置部品清潔度焊機(jī)配合間隙上蓋焊接調(diào)節(jié)電流調(diào)節(jié)電壓調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間調(diào)節(jié)氣體流量檢查焊機(jī)條件確認(rèn)上蓋安裝壓縮機(jī)推入啟動(dòng)焊機(jī)自動(dòng)焊接外觀確認(rèn)CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCNC氣密性耐油壓焊接深度焊接位置焊縫外觀二次焊接焊縫偏移焊穿飛濺物粘附玻璃體裂異物進(jìn)入Cause& EffectsMatrix表1234567123456781.列出主要要的輸出出值

7、RatingofImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!TotalCause& EffectsMatrix表123456712345678在大多數(shù)數(shù)項(xiàng)目中中,使用高層層次的Ys!RatingofImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequireme

8、ntRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!Total范例例在Process Mapping的第一步驟驟中輸出出值就被被確定123456RatingofImportance toCustomerPaintthicknessRateCoverageSurface qualityProperschemeProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# RE

9、F!# REF!# REF!# REF!PainthardnessTotal1.列出主要要的輸出值Cause& EffectsMatrix表123456712345678RatingofImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!Total2.根據(jù)據(jù)對(duì)顧客客的重要性來(lái)來(lái)決定重要性權(quán)權(quán)數(shù)范例例79410

10、810123456這個(gè)步驟驟包含營(yíng)營(yíng)銷、產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)發(fā)和制造造部門，如果可可行的話話，還應(yīng)應(yīng)該包括括顧客代代表2.根據(jù)對(duì)顧顧客的重要性來(lái)來(lái)決定重要性權(quán)權(quán)數(shù)RatingofImportance toCustomerPaintthicknessRateCoverageSurface qualityProperschemeProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!PainthardnessTotalCause& EffectsMatrix表123456712345678RatingofImportance to

11、CustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!Total3.依流程步步驟列出輸出出值 范例79410810123456該步驟直直接使用用了Process Map中的輸入入值。請(qǐng)請(qǐng)注意流流程輸入入值必須須按照Process map的順序排列列3.依流程步步驟列出輸出出值RatingofImportance toCustomerPa

12、intthicknessRateCoverageSurface qualityProperschemeProcess StepProcess InputPainthardnessTotalPrimePrimePrimePrimePrimePrimePrimePrimeContaminationRoughnessAirpressureLotnumberNozzletypePrimerageAmbient tempRelativehumidityPaintContaminationCause& EffectsMatrix表1234567123456784.確定輸入入與輸出之間間的關(guān)系Ratingo

13、fImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!Total確定輸入入和顧客客需求之之間的關(guān)關(guān)系相關(guān)系數(shù)數(shù)：不超過3個(gè)等級(jí)1，3及51，3及9指定分配配等級(jí)往往往占去去較多的的時(shí)間為避免上上述情況況，將規(guī)規(guī)則說明明如下：0=無(wú)相關(guān)1=流程輸入入對(duì)顧客客需求只只有輕微微影響3=流程輸入入對(duì)顧客客需求只只有一定定影響9=

14、流程輸入入對(duì)顧客客需求有有直接而而顯著的的影響 范例79410810123456PrimeSurface contamination133990PrimeSurface roughness013390PrimeAir pressure919990PrimeLot number130313PrimeNozzle type903990PrimePrimer age 999390PrimeAmbient temp139030PrimeRelative humidity199190PaintSurface contamination1939914.確定輸入入與輸出之間間的關(guān)系此為主要要輸入對(duì)對(duì)主要輸輸

15、出的影影響程度度的主觀觀估計(jì)RatingofImportance toCustomerProcess StepProcess InputTotalPaintthicknessRateCoverageSurface qualityProperschemePainthardnessCause& EffectsMatrix表1234567123456785.交叉相乘乘并排定優(yōu)先先次序?qū)λ锌涂头啃枨笄?，將相相關(guān)系數(shù)數(shù)與其優(yōu)優(yōu)先權(quán)數(shù)數(shù)的乘積積相加RatingofImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequir

16、ementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess Input# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!# REF!Total# REF!Cause& EffectsMatrix表-范例1234567891011121314151020304050607080RatingofImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess InputTot

17、alRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirement89（89)=7272Cause& EffectsMatrix表-范例1234567891011121314151020304050607080RatingofImportance toCustomerRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementProcess StepProcess InputTotalRe

18、quirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirementRequirement89（89)+(13)=757513 范例79410810123456PrimeSurface contamination133990208PrimeSurface roughness013390123PrimeAir pressure919990270PrimeLot number130313102PrimeNozzle type903990237PrimePrimer age 999390282PrimeAmbient

19、temp13903094PrimeRelative humidity199190206PaintSurface contamination1939912725.交叉相乘乘并排定先次次序至此我們們開始感感覺到哪哪個(gè)變量量對(duì)輸出出的變異異最為重重要RatingofImportance toCustomerProcess StepProcess InputTotalPaintthicknessRateCoverageSurface qualityProperschemePainthardnessParetoofKPIVs范例90999935199993332493999331899939028299

20、9390282193991272919990270903990237結(jié)果集中中注意于于5-8個(gè)輸入值值Process StepProcess InputPrimePaintPaintPaintPaintPaintPaintPrimePaintviscosityNozzletypeAirpressurePrimeragePaintageAirpressureSurface contaminationNozzletypeCauseandEffectsMatrix圓周焊接接不良范范例輸入變量類型作業(yè)步驟輸出變量輸入變量類型作業(yè)步驟輸出變量焊接電流焊接電壓焊接時(shí)間焊口電流焊口電壓At流量CO2流量焊槍角度焊絲對(duì)中母材間距作業(yè)技能焊絲型號(hào)下蓋殼體焊槍夾具送絲裝置部品清潔度焊機(jī)配合間隙下蓋焊接調(diào)節(jié)電流調(diào)節(jié)電壓調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間調(diào)節(jié)氣體流量檢查焊機(jī)條件確認(rèn)下蓋安裝壓縮機(jī)推入啟動(dòng)焊機(jī)自動(dòng)焊接外觀確認(rèn)CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCNC氣密性耐油壓焊接深度焊接位置氧化皮焊縫外觀二次焊接焊縫偏移焊穿飛濺物粘附玻璃體裂異物進(jìn)入檢查人員鏡子水槽入水時(shí)間沖氣壓力水質(zhì)清晰度燈光檢查方法檢查組立檢查特性檢查氣密檢查完成檢查NCCCCCCC氣密性外觀圓周焊接接不良范范例 范例工具的使使用，在在辦公室室和工廠廠的做法法是相同同的5.交叉相乘乘并排定先次次序集中性方方法階段-在表的頂頂端列出出輸出值