知識管理的基本定義-英文版

1、Peer-to-peer Knowledge ManagementPropose the idea of P2P knowledge managementWhat does P2P mean?How can peer-to-peer help KM? Discuss problems with P2P KMFree-ride Issue and incentive designImpact of technology on organizational exchange networkNov 14, 20011De Liu, CRECWhat doesPeer-to-Peer mean?Par

2、ticipating computersarebothclients andservers.ThreekindsofP2PapplicationsP2Pinformationsharing(Napster;FreeNet)distributedresourcesand/orpeer-to-peerroutingP2PCollaboration/Communication (groove; ICQ)Distributedcomputing(SETIhome)Coordinate multiple computersforcomplextasksNov14, 20012DeLiu, CRECMor

3、e Features of P2PinformationsharingInformationavailableatcertaintime is thesumofthe information contenteachnode shares.Nodescaneasily joinorquit.Make useofunder-utilizedresourcesItusually createsome redundancytoreduce theimpactofsingle nodefailure.Load-balancingmechanism.Nov14, 20013DeLiu, CRECDrawb

4、acksofP2P information sharingAnonymousv.s.CopyrightRedundancy v.s.Up-to-dateQuality of ServiceSearchEfficiencyFree-Ride!Nearly70% of Gnutella users share no files,nearly50% of allresponsesare returned by thetop1%ofsharinghosts.Wearguethat freeriding leads to degradation of thesystemperformanceand ad

5、dsvulnerabilitytothesystem.Ifthis trend continuescopyrightissues might becomemoot compared to thepossiblecollapseofsuch systems. (Adar andHuberman2000,Free RidingonGuttela)Nov14, 20014DeLiu, CRECWhyweproposeP2PKMP2Ptechnologyfitwellwith KM objectivesUnlock“hidden”organization knowledgeEnhance intera

6、ctionsthrough “push”& “pull”Fosterknowledge sharingcommunitiesContribute to propagation of tacit knowledgeToleratefuzzyknowledgeand differentpointsofviewWeexpectfree-ridingissuecan be betterhandled withinorganizationcontext.Otherdesirablefeatures: flexible,robust, secure,costefficiency (?)Nov14, 200

7、15DeLiu, CRECSowhat is P2PKM?twocomponents:P2Pinformationsharingcomponent explicit knowledgetransferNotificationofupdate andnewrelease(“push”)AccesscontrolContent-based addressingP2Pcollaborationcomponent implicit knowledgetransferMultiplechannels(text,multi-media)Real-timecollaborationandnon-realti

8、mecollaborationP2PKMand centralized effortofknowledgemanagementNov14, 20016DeLiu, CRECPotentialproblemsofP2P KMQuality of knowledgeLack of consistencyFree-rider problemKnowledgeisoftentreatedaspublicgood.Its rational forself-interest agentstoconsume publicgood withoutcontributing (free ride).Consequ

9、entlysomesociallydesirablegoodisnotprovidedbyagents duetoinadequate compensation.This under-provisionofpublicgoodproblem mayeventually defeattheP2P knowledgemanagement system.Nov14, 20017DeLiu, CRECRelated IS/MgmtLiteratureMost research in IS/Mgmttry to aska question:“whatarereasonsforknowledge shar

10、ing”Altruism(constantetal94, Palfreyand Prisbrey 1997, DavenportandPrusak 1998) &Groupcommitment(OReilly an Chatman1986;Kollock1999)Reciprocity(Davenport andPrusak1998;Ekeh1974)Reputation(Davenport andPrusak1998,Rheigngold1993)self-efficacy(Kollock1999,Bandura 1995)Factors favor these motivationsfut

11、ureinteraction; Recordofpast interactions;Identitypersistence; Welldefinedanddefendedgroupboundary;Visibilityandrecognitionofcontributions;Groupsize;etc (Kellock 1999)Nov14, 20018DeLiu, CRECRelated EconomicsLiteratureKnowledgeand KnowledgeexchangeValueofknowledgeisdifficult to measureorverify;Valueo

12、fknowledgemay be differentfordifferent agentsValueofknowledgemay involves someuncertainty.Knowledgeexchangeisoftenembeddedand affected by socialnetworks.So,unlike other moretangiblegoods, there is lackofapricesystem(market)orcompletecontractformforknowledge.Nov14, 20019DeLiu, CRECRelated EconomicsLi

13、teratureWage schedulesthat encourageteam productioncollaboration.(Multi-Agent:Che&Yoo2001;Grooves1973;)Shouldcompetitionorcollaborationbeencouraged?What is theoptimal wageschedulefor teams?Incentives andTask structure(Multi-task:Holmstrom,Milgrom 1982; Itoh1991)Eitherthe taskitself canberewardedorthemarginalopportunitycostforthe taskcan be loweredbyremovingorreducingthe incentivesoncompeting tasks.Nov14, 200110DeLiu, CRECNe