2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號34

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was （ ）in tropical countries.問題1選項A.prospectiveB.prevalentC.provocativeD.perpetual【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prospective“未來的、預(yù)期的”；B選項prevalent“流行的、普遍的”；C選項provocat

2、ive“刺激的、挑撥的”；D選項perpetual“永久的、永遠(yuǎn)的”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“eye disease眼疾，tropical countries熱帶國家”可聯(lián)系到prevalent“流行的、普遍的”。句意為：一些研究證實這種眼疾在熱帶國家很普遍。故正確答案選B。2.單選題 When executives at Google went looking for Wall Street investment bankers to underwrite the companys massive initial public offering, they laid down strict terms

3、 of engagement: bring us new ideas on how to sell the deal to investors and save the usual political gamesmanship. But with such a huge payday at stakean estimated $100 million in fees for handling the offeringwould you expect all the big firms to play by the Google rules? Of course not, just ask Go

4、ldman Sachs. To win a chunk of the Google business, Goldman, the nations premier investment bank, set free its CEO: Hank Paulson, to pull some strings. Paulson is one of Wall Streets best “call men”, who can wave a Palm PDA full of connections when its crunch time to bring home a deal. But Newsweek

5、has learned that Paulson tried to sidestep Googles orders by reaching out to one of Googles largest investors, Kleiner Perkins, the powerful venture-capital firm that was an early Google backer. The move helped doom Goldmans efforts to win the lead underwriting spot, which went instead to Credit Sui

6、sse First Boston and Morgan Stanley. Paulson thought his best shot was John Doerr, one of Kleiners top partners. Bad move, when word of Paulsons misstep got back to Googles top executives, Goldman was quickly bumped from the top of the short list. “The people at Google were such enthusiasts about th

7、e rules,” said one executive who works at a rival Wall Street firm. “When they heard about this, they went ape.” None of the parties involvedGoogle, Goldman Sachs or Doerrwould comment. The two winners, CSFB and Morgan Stanley, managed to keep a low profile. John Mack, CSFBs famously well-connected

8、chief executive, purposely stayed out of the bidding process for fear that he might tip the scales to another player, people with knowledge of the matter say. Meanwhile, new rules for Wall Street research analysts appear to have prevented Mary Meeker, Morgan Stanleys top Internet analyst, from playi

9、ng a direct role, even though she and Doerr have done business together for years. Goldman, meanwhile, cant blame its loss just on Paulson. People close to the deal say bankers for the firm bragged to Google about the Goldman name, and didnt generate enough ideas about how to sell shares to investor

10、s through an auction. “Their lack of marketing wit may have hurt them more than Paulson,” said the executive from a rival firm. Sometimes, it really does pay to play by the rules.1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?2. Hank Paulsons name is mentioned to show that（ ）.3. The speaker in the

11、 third paragraph thinks that（ ）.4. John Mack and Mary Meeker shared similarities in that they both（ ）.5. Goldman might learn a lesson from Googles deal that （ ）.問題1選項A.Google followed the rules of Wall Street.B.Goldman Sachs disobeyed Googles rules.C.Goldman Sachs followed Googles rules.D.Big firms

12、in Wall Street are afraid of Google.問題2選項A.he is a famous banker in Wall StreetB.he failed by following Googles rulesC.he lost Googles deal by using gamesmanshipD.he lost Googles deal to his rivals問題3選項A.John Doerr was the best shot for PaulsonB.Goldman was wrong in Googles dealC.Google made a fuss

13、about Paulsons actD.Google followed the rules perfectly問題4選項A.behaved with deliberate restraint or modestyB.purposely stayed out of the bidding processC.worked together with Doerr for yearsD.tipped the scale to their rivals問題5選項A.they should not unleash its CEO to pull some stringsB.they should alwa

14、ys play by the rulesC.Paulson is not the right person to lead the hankD.its vital to have good perception in marketing【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.【試題答案】B【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段“But with such a huge payday at stakean estimated $100 million in fees for handling the offeringwould you expect all the

15、 big firms to play by the Google rules? Of course not, just ask Goldman Sachs. 但是，考慮到如此巨額的發(fā)薪日估計有1億美元用于處理股票發(fā)行的費用你還指望所有的大公司都遵守谷歌規(guī)則嗎？當(dāng)然不是，問問高盛公司就知道了?！庇纱丝傻玫紹選項“高盛公司不服從谷歌的規(guī)定”符合題意。2.【試題答案】C【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“But Newsweek has learned that Paulson tried to sidestep Googles orders by reaching out to one of

16、 Googles largest investors, Kleiner Perkins, the powerful venture-capital firm that was an early Google backer. The move helped doom Goldmans efforts to win the lead underwriting spot, which went instead to Credit Suisse First Boston and Morgan Stanley. 但新聞周刊獲悉，保爾森試圖繞過谷歌的指令，與谷歌最大的投資者之一、實力強(qiáng)大的風(fēng)險投資公司凱鵬

17、華盈接洽。這家公司是谷歌的早期支持者。這一舉動使高盛贏得主承銷席位的努力陷入了失敗，最終被瑞士信貸第一波士頓（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（Morgan Stanley）取代。”由此可知保爾森雖然用了些手段，但是沒有贏得谷歌的生意，因此選項C正確。3.【試題答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“The people at Google were such enthusiasts about the rules, said one executive who works at a rival Wall Street firm.谷歌的人對這些規(guī)則是如此狂熱，在其競爭對手華爾街公司工作的一名高

18、管表示?！庇纱丝芍雀韫臼欠浅Ｖ匾暽虡I(yè)投標(biāo)的規(guī)則，并且十分遵守規(guī)則的。因此選項D符合題意。4.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段“The two winners, CSFB and Morgan Stanley, managed to keep a low profile. 瑞士信貸第一波士頓（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（Morgan Stanley）這兩家贏家設(shè)法保持了低調(diào)?！焙汀皃urposely stayed out of the bidding process for 甚至是故意和招標(biāo)過程保持距離?！庇纱丝芍狝選項“有意克制或謙虛的行為舉止”是兩個人的共同之處，因此選

19、A。5.【試題答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Their lack of marketing wit may have hurt them more than Paulson, said the executive from a rival firm. 他們?nèi)狈I銷智慧對他們的傷害可能比保爾森更大。”由此可知擁有營銷洞察力在競爭中是十分重要的因素，因此D選項“good perception in marketing良好的營銷感知能力”符合題意，因此選D。3.單選題There has been nothing more astonishing in the progress

20、of war which is really the application of the mechanics of force to human nature（ ） the position that public opinion occupies.問題1選項A.asB.toC.thanD.better【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。nothing more.than.意思為“沒有什么比更加”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后面是名詞“position位置”，而前面有nothing more出現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合上下文意思，故推斷選項C為最佳答案。句意為：戰(zhàn)爭實際上是武力作用于人性，在這個過程中，沒有

21、什么比公眾輿論占據(jù)的地位更讓人吃驚的了。4.單選題We saw the canoe （ ）, throwing its passengers into the water.問題1選項A.prostrateB.overturnC.simulateD.brag【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prostrate“將弄倒”；B選項overturn“推翻，傾覆”；C選項simulate“模仿，假裝”；D選項brag“吹牛，吹噓”。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞“canoe獨木舟”，可知“overturn顛覆，傾翻”最符合題意，句意為：我們看見獨木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀進(jìn)水里。故選項B意思與之接近。

22、5.單選題The two important （ ）in making a cake are flour and sugar.問題1選項A.elementsB.componentsC.ingredientsD.constituents【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個選項都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項element“元素，要素”；B選項component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“making a

23、cake制作蛋糕”和“flour and sugar 面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。6.單選題A （ ）is a grill on which meat, fish, and other foods are cooked over hot charcoal, usually out of doors.問題1選項A.duetB.barbecueC.tonicD.fag【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項duet“二重奏”；B選項barbecue“燒烤”；C選項tonic“補(bǔ)藥”；D選項fag“苦工、疲勞”，由題

24、干中提到的各種食物以及熱木炭，可知barbecue“燒烤”符合語境。句意為：燒烤是肉、魚和其他食物放在烤架上，再在熱木炭上烘烤，通常在戶外進(jìn)行。故正確答案選B。7.翻譯題 The big advantages of the spread of prosperity include a wider distribution of innovation and bigger opportunities for profitable exchange. The rise of the US brought such benefits to the UK. Also valuable (though

25、not certain) is greater political stability in previously impoverished countries. The big disadvantage is greater competition for scarce resources. Power is a scarce resource: if country A has more, country B has less. Resources are also limited.【答案】 繁榮傳播開來的幾大好處包括：創(chuàng)新的傳播范圍會擴(kuò)大，以及進(jìn)行有利可圖的交流的機(jī)會增多。美國的崛起就曾

26、為英國帶來此類益處。此外，同樣有價值的（雖然并不確定）是以往的窮國在政治上會更加穩(wěn)定。最大的劣勢是對稀缺資源的激烈競爭。能源是一種缺席資源：如果A國的資源增多，那B國的能源就會減少。資源也是有限的。8.單選題Special software has been used to enable passengers to call a taxi at a low price, payment（ ）by direct debit of their credit cards.問題1選項A.makingB.is madeC.being madeD.to be made【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】考查語法

27、結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，payment by direct debit of their credit cards是獨立主格表伴隨，由于payment和后面動詞make是被動關(guān)系，故現(xiàn)在分詞被動式being made最合適，句意為：專業(yè)的軟件被用來讓乘客能低價叫出租車，費用直接從他們的信用卡中扣除。答案選C。9.單選題Hardly （ ）the helicopter （ ）when the waiting crowd ran towards it.問題1選項A.had.landedB.has.landedC.would.landD.was.landing【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

28、這里考查的是條件狀語從句中的部分倒裝用法。當(dāng)hardly位于句首時，這個時間條件狀語從句的主句必須采取倒裝的表達(dá)，即將had提到句子主語前。因為主句的動作是發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，故主句用過去完成時態(tài)，而從句使用一般過去時。句意為：直升飛機(jī)一降落，一旁等待的士兵就沖了上來。故選項A正確。10.單選題 Dieting, according to an old joke, may not actually make you live longer, but it sure feels that way. Nevertheless, evidence has been accumulating sin

29、ce the 1930s that calorie restrictionreducing an animals energy intake below its energy expenditureextends lifespan and delays the start of agerelated diseases in rats, dogs, fish and monkeys. Such results have inspired thousands of people to put up with constant hunger in the hope of living longer,

30、 healthier lives. They have also led to a search for drugs that mimic the effects of calorie restriction without the pain of going on an actual diet. Amid the trend, it is easy to forget that no one has until now shown that calorie restriction works in humans. That omission, however, changed this mo

31、nth, with the publication of the initial results of the first systematic investigation into the matter. This study took 48 men and women and assigned them randomly to either a control group or a calorierestriction regime. Those in the second group were required to cut their calorie intake for six mo

32、nths to 75% of that needed to maintain their weight. The study is a landmark in the history of the field, because its subjects were either of normal weight or only slightly overweight. Previous projects have used individuals who were clinically fat, thus confusing the unquestionable benefits to heal

33、th of reducing fatness with the possible advantages of calorie restriction to the otherwise healthy. At a molecular level, it suggests these advantages are real. Those on restricted diets showed drops in body temperature and bloodinsulin levelsboth phenomena that have been seen in longlived, calorie

34、restricted animals. They also suffered less damage to their DNA. Eric Ravussin, of Louisiana State University, says that such results provide support for the theory that calorie restriction produces a metabolic adaptation over and above that which would be expected from weight loss alone. Neverthele

35、ss, such metabolic adaptation could be the reason why calorie restriction is associated with longer lifespan in other animalsand that is certainly the hope of those who, for the past 15 years, have been searching for ways of triggering that metabolic adaptation by means other than semi-starvation. T

36、he search for a drug that will delay old age is itself as old as the hillsas is the wishful thinking of the suckers who finance such efforts. Those who hope to find it by mimicking the effect of calorie restriction are not, however, complete snake-oil salesmen, for there is known to be a family of e

37、nzymes, which act both as sensors of nutrient availability and as regulators of metabolic rate. These might provide the necessary biochemical link between starving and living longer.1. We learn from the first two paragraphs that （ ）.2. The word “l(fā)andmark” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) probably means（ ）.3. T

38、he results of previous research on the effects of calorie restriction are unconvincing because （ ）.4. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that people（ ） .5. People might take enzymes as a substitute for calorie restriction in that （ ）.問題1選項A.people are crazy about dieting in order to lose some weigh

39、tB.experimental results show that dieting can prolong animals lifeC.in the study, two groups of people were asked to go on a dietD.few results have been worked out on the effects of calorie restriction問題2選項A.an event of much profitB.an event of great excitementC.an event of great significanceD.an ev

40、ent of unique features問題3選項A.the subjects of the research were either of overweight or slightly underweightB.calorie-restricted animals showed different physical signs in the researchC.the decrease in body temperature may result from changes of outside temperatureD.people cannot tell the benefits of

41、 losing weight from those of calorie restriction問題4選項A.have been engaged in the study of the replacement of calorie restrictionB.have been looking for drugs that can prolong humans life for agesC.can expect a change in their metabolic rate when going on a dietD.may benefit from metabolic adaptation

42、in that it may protect their DNA問題5選項A.they establish a chemical link between starving and living longB.they can provide people with enough nutritionC.they work in a similar way that calorie restriction doesD.they are favored by people who finance the drug research【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.

43、【試題答案】B【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Nevertheless, evidence has been accumulating since the 1930s that calorie restrictionreducing an animals energy intake below its energy expenditureextends lifespan and delays the start of agerelated diseases in rats, dogs, fish and monkeys. 盡管如此，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，越來越多的證據(jù)表明，在老鼠、

44、狗、魚和猴子身上實行卡路里限制將動物的能量攝入降低到低于其能量消耗可以延長壽命，并延緩衰老相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生?！笨芍跋嚓P(guān)的研究表明節(jié)食可以延長動物的壽命。所以選項B為正確答案。2.【試題答案】C【試題解析】語義推測題。定位到文章第三段“The study is a landmark in the history of the field, because its subjects were either of normal weight or only slightly overweight. 這項研究是該領(lǐng)域歷史上的里程碑，因為它的研究對象要么體重正常，要么只是稍微超重。”landmark在

45、這里是有“里程碑的事件”的意思，和C選項“具有重大意義的事件”意義相近。因此選項C正確。3.【試題答案】D【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Previous projects have used individuals who were clinically fat, thus confusing the unquestionable benefits to health of reducing fatness with the possible advantages of calorie restriction to the otherwise healthy. 由于以往的研究對象都

46、是臨床肥胖研究者，因此人們會把減肥對健康毋庸置疑的好處與限制卡路里攝入量對健康人群可能帶來的好處混淆在一起?！庇蛇@句話我們可以得知人們常常會把減肥的好處和限制卡路里的攝入混在一起，區(qū)分不清。這樣也就造成了之前的研究不是很確定。故正確答案選D。4.【試題答案】C【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Nevertheless, such metabolic adaptation could be the reason why calorie restriction is associated with longer lifespan in other animalsand that is ce

47、rtainly the hope of those who, for the past 15 years, have been searching for ways of triggering that metabolic adaptation by means other than semi-starvation. 然而，這種代謝適應(yīng)可能就是為什么限制熱量攝入與延長動物壽命有關(guān)的原因這當(dāng)然也是在過去15年里一直在尋找除半饑餓之外觸發(fā)這種代謝適應(yīng)方法的人的希望?！苯Y(jié)合上下文推斷，這里主要是節(jié)食過程中，動物身上的新陳代謝發(fā)生變化。和選項C的意思基本相符。5.【試題答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

48、定位到文章最后一段“Those who hope to find it by mimicking the effect of calorie restriction are not, however, complete snake-oil salesmen, for there is known to be a family of enzymes, which act both as sensors of nutrient availability and as regulators of metabolic rate. 那些希望通過模擬限制卡路里的作用來研制藥物的人，他們并非完全只是些江湖郎

49、中，因為已知有一組酶，它們既是營養(yǎng)可用性的傳感器，又是代謝率的調(diào)節(jié)者?！庇纱丝芍@里由于酶能夠抑制熱量的產(chǎn)生，它可能會作為一種替代熱量限制的作用的藥物來研發(fā)出來，作為延長人類壽命的藥。因此選項C正確。11.單選題Most of the flights have a baggage （ ）of 44 lbs per passenger.問題1選項A.budgetB.reservationC.allowanceD.limitation【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項budget“預(yù)算”；B選項reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)定”；C選項allowance“津貼，零用錢”；D選項l

50、imitation“限制，限度”。句意為：大多數(shù)航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合題意，故答案為D。12.翻譯題 Currently, China is in the midst of a challenging transition. A rapidly aging population, increasing debt, and declining returns on fixed asset investment place new burdens on the economy. Because of aging, the labor force is ex

51、pected to peak this year and begin a long decline that could reduce its size by 16 percent by 2050. By 2030, Chinas dependency ratio the percentage of the population that is not in the labor force (mostly the elderly and children) will reach 47 percent. This is far sooner, in terms of GDP per capita

52、, than in countries such as Japan or the United States.【答案】 目前，中國正處于一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉(zhuǎn)型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長、不斷增加的債務(wù)以及固定資產(chǎn)投資回報率的下降給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了新的負(fù)擔(dān)。由于人口老齡化，中國的勞動力總量預(yù)期今年達(dá)到最高峰，然后開始一個長期的減少，而到2050年中國的勞動力規(guī)?？赡軠p少16%。到2030年，中國的撫養(yǎng)比率即不屬于勞動力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達(dá)到47%。而中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的減少會比日本或美國等國家出現(xiàn)得早很多。13.單選題Their diplomatic principles compl

53、etely laid bare their （ ）for world conquest.問題1選項A.admirationB.ambitionC.administrationD.orientation【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項admiration“羨慕”；B選項ambition“野心、企圖”；C選項administration“管理、行政”；D選項orientation “方向、定位”。句子的主語是diplomatic principles“外交政策”，lay sth. bare是一個固定短語，意思為“顯示，揭露”的意思。由此可知，空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該為“野心，企圖”，句

54、意為：他們的外交政策徹底暴露出他們征服世界的企圖。正確答案選B。14.單選題Mr. Taylor felt very （ ）at the suggestion that he had stolen the car.問題1選項A.impatientB.indigenousC.intolerantD.indignant【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項impatient“不耐煩的”；B選項indigenous“本土的”；C選項intolerant“狹隘的”；D選項indignant“憤怒的”；根據(jù)題干“有人說泰勒先生偷了那輛車”，可知泰勒先生會覺得indignant“憤怒的”。故

55、正確答案選D。15.單選題 The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write th

56、e biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king

57、. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as

58、 necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic m

59、otive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic”

60、one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In