1v1化講義34分口語14課時spk

1、 Lesson 6 Review重點內容Comparative and superlatives 比較級和最高級Word order and punctuation 詞序和標點Reported speech 間接引語ReviewComparative and superlatives Structures that show unequal comparisons 比較級的比較結構1. more/less + adjective/adverb + thanLiving in the countryside is healthier than living in a city.2. more/f

2、ewer/less + noun/noun phrase + thanThere are more people in this town than there used to be.3. not as + adjective/adverb + asThis town is not as famous as the others in this region.4. not as + much/many +noun/noun phrase + asNot as many people visit New Zealand as Australia.Comparative and superlati

3、ves Structures that show equal comparisons 比較級的比較結構as + adjective/adverb + asThe office buildings in Paris are as beautiful as the monuments.2. as + much/many + noun/noun phrase + asThere are as many international students as tourists in London.3. the same + noun/noun phrase + asIn every country you

4、 can find the same type of people as in your own.Making comparisons stronger 程度深的比較Add much, far, a lot, considerably or not nearly before more/less or before an adjective/adverb 在more/less或者形容詞/副詞前面加上much, far, a lot, considerably, not nearly等詞表示比較的程度深。Inter-city travel is far faster than it was te

5、n years ago.Making comparisons weaker 程度弱的比較Add a bit, a little, nearly, almost, not much or not a lot before as or an adjective/adverb 在as或者形容詞/副詞前面加a bit, a little, nearly, almost, not much, not a lot等詞表示比較的程度弱。Its nearly as easy to travel by train as by car.Word orderBasic word orderSubject + Ver

6、b + plement + Further informationMy brother kicked the ball.The indirect object:Without to : S + V + Indirect object + ObjectThe 1912 law gave women the right to vote.With to : S + V + Object + to + Indirect object The 1912 law gave the right to vote to women.Word orderTime and place phrases: (Time)

7、 + Subject + Verb + (Object) + Place + (Time)In the twentieth century, more women went out to work in offices.Common word positioning:Adjective + Noun He comes from a large family.Adverb + Main verb The siblings continually argue. They have always argued.Adverb + Adjective Family structures can be e

8、xtremely complex.Word orderSubject and object questions:About the Subject:Answer:What overtook the extended family in popularity? (Question word + Verb + pliment?)The nuclear family.About the object:Answer:What did the nuclear family overtake in popularity? (Question word + Auxiliary verb + Subject

9、+ Main verb?)The extended family.Word orderIndirect questions:Indirect questions are formed using the word order of a positive sentence.DIRECT:What did the nuclear family overtake in popularity?INDIRECT: Do you know what the nuclear family overtook in popularity?DIRECT:Are the roles of husband and w

10、ife less traditional than in the past?INDIRECT: Can you tell me if the roles of husband and wife are less traditional than in the past?The Basic Rules of Punctuation:Capital letter (A) Used: at the start of a sentence; for names; for abbreviations.Comma (,) Used: for lists of items; to join two clau

11、ses together with a co-ordinating conjunction; to show extra information in a sentence; to separate direct speech from reporting expressions.Full Stop (.) Used: at the end of a sentence and for some abbreviations, e.g. etc.; for questions, replace a full stop with a question mark; for exclamations,

12、replace a full stop with an exclamation mark.The Basic Rules of Punctuation:Quotation marks ( ) Used: when using the direct words of another person.Apostrophe () Used: in contractions and to show possessive. Note: Its (=belonging to it) and its (=it is).Colon (:) Used: to start a grammatically compl

13、ex list and before long explanations.Semi-Colon (;) Used: to separate a grammatically complex list; to separate two sentences which have a clear link to each other.Reported speechDirect speechReported/indirect speechPresent simple: I like opera.Past simple: She said that she liked opera.Present simp

14、le continuous: Im studying Japanese flower arranging.Past continuous: He said that he was studying Japanese flower arranging.Present perfect simple: I have never been to the National Museum.Past perfect: He said that he had never been to the National Museum.Present perfect continuous: Weve been pain

15、ting for many years.Past perfect continuous: He said that they had been painting for many years.Past simple: We went to the theatre.Past perfect: He said that they had gone to the theatre.Past continuous: Yesterday I was listening to the lecture on the radio show.Past perfect continuous: She said th

16、at the previous day she had been listening to the lecture on the radio show.Reported speechDirect speechReported/indirect speechPast perfect: I had read the novel.Past perfect: She said that she had read the novel.Going to present: Im going to visit the local craft shop.Going to past: She said that

17、she was going to visit the local craft shop.Will: Ill start photography classes soon.Would: He said that he would start photography classes soon.Can: I can draw well.Could: She said that she could draw well.May: I think young people may not be interested in reading.Might: The teacher said she though

18、t that young people might not be interested in reading.Must: I must attend my sons school orchestra concert.Had to: My boss said that he had to attend his sons school orchestra concert.Reporting questionsWhen are you going to the gallery? She asked when I was going to the gallery. Do you think child

19、ren should be more creative? He asked me whether I thought children should be more creative.Pronouns and time wordsIll give you my latest painting tomorrow. She said she would give me her latest paining the following day.I went to an interesting exhibition yesterday. He told me that he had been to a

20、n interesting exhibition the previous day.Reporting verbs advice, requests, orders, promiseswarn: to warn + indirect object + not + infinitiveDont see that film. She warned me not to see the film.argue: to argue + that + clauseWe think schools should teach more sociology. They argued that schools sh

21、ould teach more sociology. Practice 1: Read the examiner questions from a Speaking Part 1 conversation and expand the answer notes into full sentences. Try to use comparative structures where possible. The first one has been done as an example.1 Examiner: How has the place you live in changed recent

22、ly?Notes: more traffic nowadays, lots of people have moved here for work, the city is richer nowExample: Well, in my city there is a lot more traffic than there used to be. This is because of the new business centre, which has brought a lot more people to the city for work. This has made the city ri

23、cher than it was. In fact thats the most significant difference the city is not as poor as it was 10 years ago.2 Examiner: So, youre studying here in Sydney. How is your town/city different from Sydney? Notes: different shop opening hours, more efficient transport system, same weather3 Examiner: Is

24、it a good place to live?Notes: better than other cities in my country, more modern, Lots of parks, not crowded like other citiesEExam tipComparative structures can be tested in the IELTS Listening exam by changing positive and negative structures. For example, in the exam you might hear: In this tow

25、n I there are far more visitors to the church than the town hall. and the question or correct answer might be: Not nearly as many people visit the town hall as the church in this town.Now listen and read the audio script. Compare your answers to the suggested answers.Practice 2: The following Speaki

26、ng long turn has some mistakes in the word order. Correct the mistakes and then listen and check. There are eight errors. Describe a member of your extended family who is important to you. You should say:What they are likeHow often you see themWhy they are particularly important to youAnd say in wha

27、t ways you would like to be similar to them.Im going to talk about my grandmother on my fathers side. She is little quite and has white hair and glasses. I have glasses too. We are the only people in the family that wear glasses! She is very old now and I dont get to see her very often . I think I m

28、aybe two or three times a year see her. She lives quite far away in the countryside. It takes us about three hours to travel there. Whenever we visit, she always gives to me sweets. She is important to me because she is so kind and so nice, and really I love her. She is my favourite family member de

29、finitely! I think I take after her in some ways. We laugh at the same things and we both like reading. When we go and visit, always we go out walking in the fields and have a really lovely time. EExam tipMy dad always says that we are very similar. I would like to be when I am older as wise as her.

30、I would also like to have a similar life. A very successful career she had. She was a doctor and worked for charities. She was very much in love with my grandfather, which I think is lovely.Always allow time to edit your work, especially in the Writing exam. Noticing and correcting details like punc

31、tuation and word order (as well as spelling and grammatical structure) can improve your score dramatically.Im going to talk about my grandmother on my fathers side. She is little quite quite little and has white hair and glasses. I have glasses too. We are the only people in the family that wear gla

32、sses! She is very old now and I dont get to see her very often . I think I see her maybe two or three times a year see her. She lives quite far away in the countryside. It takes us about three hours to travel there. Whenever we visit, she always gives to me sweets to me. She is important to me becau

33、se she is so kind and so nice, and really I love her I really love her. She is definitely my favourite family member definitely! I think I take after her in some ways. We laugh at the same things and we both like reading. When we go and visit, always we go out we always go out walking in the fields

34、and have a really lovely time. EExam tipMy dad always says that we are very similar. I would like to be when I am older as wise as her when I am older. I would also like to have a similar life. She had a A very successful career she had. She was a doctor and worked for charities. She was very much in love with my grandfather, which I think is lovely.Always allow time to edit your work,