有機(jī)化學(xué)中英文對(duì)照表

1、有機(jī)化學(xué)中英文對(duì)照表有機(jī)化學(xué)可以直接下載WORD版本英文名漢文名Angularmethylgroup角甲基Alkylidenegroup亞烷基Allylgroup烯丙基Allylic烯丙型的Phenylgroup苯基Arylgroup芳基Benzylgroup芐基Benzylic芐型的Activatinggroup活化基團(tuán)Chromophore生色團(tuán)Auxochrome助色團(tuán)Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向異性基團(tuán)Smallyring小環(huán)Commonring普通環(huán)Mediumrimg中環(huán)Largering大環(huán)Bridged-ringsystem橋環(huán)體系Spiroc

2、ompound螺環(huán)化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面體化合物Conjugation共軛Conjugated-system共軛體系A(chǔ)cylcation?；x子Benzyliccation芐基正離子Arenirmion芳基正離子Ketylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基離子Radicalcation自由基正離子Radicalanion自由基負(fù)離子Isomerism異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Aciform酸式循變結(jié)構(gòu)立體化學(xué)光學(xué)活性右旋異構(gòu)體左旋異構(gòu)體FluxionalstructureStereochemistryOpticalactivityD

3、extroisomerLaevoisomer循變結(jié)構(gòu)立體化學(xué)光學(xué)活性右旋異構(gòu)體左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedralconfiguration四面體構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Asymmetricatom不對(duì)稱原子Asymmetriccarbon不對(duì)稱碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對(duì)稱碳虛擬原子等位虛擬原子等位的異位的對(duì)映異位的非對(duì)映異位的HomotopicHeterotopicEnantiotopicDiastereotopicConfiguration構(gòu)型Absoluteconfiguration絕對(duì)構(gòu)型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chiralc

4、enter手性中心Chiralmolecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischerprojection費(fèi)歇爾投影式Neomanprojection紐曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名體系R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence順序規(guī)則Symmetryfactor對(duì)稱因素Planeofsymmetry對(duì)稱面Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對(duì)稱Enantiomer對(duì)映異構(gòu)體Diastereomer非對(duì)映異構(gòu)體Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Anomer端基差向異構(gòu)體Erythroconfigurat

5、ion赤型構(gòu)型Erythroisomer赤型異構(gòu)體Threoconfiguration蘇型構(gòu)型Threoisomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism順反異構(gòu)EisomerE異構(gòu)體ZisomerZ異構(gòu)體Endoisomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exoisomer外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基團(tuán)Pro-Sproup前S基團(tuán)RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體溶液Mesocompound內(nèi)消旋化合

6、物Quasirecemate準(zhǔn)外消旋體Conformation構(gòu)象Conformational構(gòu)象分析Torsionangle扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anticonformation反式構(gòu)象Bisectingconformation等分構(gòu)象Antiperiplanarconformation反疊構(gòu)象Synperiplanarconformation順疊構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation反錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation順錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Eclipsedconformation重疊構(gòu)象鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formationSt

7、aggeredconformation對(duì)位交叉構(gòu)象Stericeffect空間效應(yīng)Sterichindrance位阻鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Puckeredring折疊環(huán)Conformationalinversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Chairconformation椅型構(gòu)象Boatconformation船型構(gòu)象Twistconformation扭型構(gòu)象Skewboatconformation扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chairconformation半椅型構(gòu)象Pseudorotation假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelopeconformation信封型構(gòu)象Axialbond直立鍵Equatorialb

8、ond平伏鍵Cisoidconformation順向構(gòu)象Transoidconformation反向構(gòu)象Retentionofconfiguration構(gòu)型保持Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專一性Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體Conformationaleffect構(gòu)象效應(yīng)Cramsrube克拉姆規(guī)則Prelogrule普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereochemicalorientation立體化學(xué)取向Conformationaltransmission構(gòu)象傳遞Homolo

9、g同系物Ipsoposition本位OrthopositionMetapositionParapositionAmphiposition鄰位間位對(duì)位遠(yuǎn)位Periposition近位鄰位間位對(duì)位遠(yuǎn)位Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道法Valencebondmethod價(jià)鍵法Delocalezedbond離域鍵Crossconjugation交叉共軛Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效應(yīng)Resonance共振Resonanceeffect共振效應(yīng)Hyperconjugation超共軛Isovalenthyper

10、conjugation等價(jià)超共軛No-bondresonance無鍵共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克爾規(guī)則Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環(huán)電流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicreaction周環(huán)反應(yīng)Electrocyclicrearrangement電環(huán)化重排Conrotatory順旋Disroat

11、atory對(duì)旋Cycloaddition環(huán)加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction對(duì)稱禁阻反應(yīng)Synfacialreaction同面反應(yīng)Antarafacialreaction異面反應(yīng)Mobiussystem默比烏斯體系Leoisstructure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價(jià)鍵Bananabond香蕉鍵Paulingelectronegativityscale鮑林電負(fù)性標(biāo)度Polarizability可極化性Inductiveeffect誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)Fieldeffect場(chǎng)效應(yīng)Electricaleffect電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)tautomerism互變異構(gòu)

12、Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯胺互變異構(gòu)Ring-chaintautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)Valencetautomerism價(jià)互變異構(gòu)Ambident兩可的Solventeffect溶劑效應(yīng)Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶劑Basicsolvent堿性溶劑Dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子Acid-basecatalyzedreac

13、tion酸堿催化反應(yīng)Conjugatebase共軛酸Conjugatebase共軛堿Thermodynamicacidity熱力學(xué)酸度Kineticacidity動(dòng)力學(xué)酸度電子給電子給體受體絡(luò)合物Host主體Guest客體一級(jí)同位素效應(yīng)二級(jí)同位數(shù)效應(yīng)一級(jí)同位素效應(yīng)二級(jí)同位數(shù)效應(yīng)SecondaryisotopeeffectInverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效應(yīng)Kineticcontrol動(dòng)力學(xué)控制Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學(xué)控制Substrate底物Intermediate中間體Reactiveintermediate活潑中間體Microscopicreversi

14、bility微觀可逆性Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說Linearfreeenergy線性自由能Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作用Torsionaleffect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)Pitzerstrain皮策張力Restrictedrotation阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsingeffect重疊效應(yīng)Eclipsingstrain重疊張力Small-anglestrain小角張力Largeanglestrain大角張力Transannularinteraction跨環(huán)相互作用Transannularstrain跨環(huán)張力Istrain內(nèi)張力Fstrain前張力Bstrain后張力Ano

15、mericeffectWaldeninversionRacemizationIsoinversionIsoracemizationHomochiralMechanism端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)AnomericeffectWaldeninversionRacemizationIsoinversionIsoracemizationHomochiralMechanism端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)外消旋化等反轉(zhuǎn)等消旋純手性的機(jī)理Unimolecularnucleophilic單分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophili

16、csubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香親核取代Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution單分子親電取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution雙分子親電取代單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larele

17、ctrophilicsubstitution親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecularelimination單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂Bimolecularelimination雙分子消除UnimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebaseBimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase單分子共軛堿消除雙分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolec

18、ularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavageBimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavageUnimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavageBimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencleavagen-allylcomplexmechanismn烯丙型絡(luò)合機(jī)理Borderlinemechanism邊理機(jī)理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis異裂Heterolyticmichanism異裂機(jī)理Counrergegenion反荷離子Ionpai

19、r離子對(duì)Carbocation碳正離子Nonclassicalcarbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion碳負(fù)離子Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳負(fù)離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Nitrene氮賓Carbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition親電加成Electrophile親電體Diaxialaddition雙直鍵加成Markovnikovsrube馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏加成Michaeladdition邁克爾加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution親電取代Ad

20、dition-eliminationmechanism加成消除機(jī)理Electrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion親電芳香取代Electrontransfer電子轉(zhuǎn)移Electron-donatinggroup給電子基團(tuán)Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子基團(tuán)Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團(tuán)Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對(duì)位定位基Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Orthoeffect鄰位效應(yīng)Partialratefactor分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilicreaction親核反應(yīng)I

21、nternalreturn內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity親核體Nucleophilicity親核性a-effecta-效應(yīng)Backsideattack背面進(jìn)攻Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrellaeffect傘效應(yīng)Push-pulleffect推拉效應(yīng)Leavinggroup離去基團(tuán)Electrofuge離電體Nucleofuge離核體Phase-transfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化鄰助作用Neighboringgroupparticipation鄰基基參與鄰助作用Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistanceNeighboringg

22、roupeffect鄰基效應(yīng)Apofacialreaction反面反應(yīng)Briddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代Arylaction芳正離子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmanns反應(yīng)Alkylation烷基化C-alkylationC-烷基化O-alkylation0-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustivemethylation徹底甲基化Secoalkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation脫甲基化Ethylation乙基化Aryla

23、tion芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲?；疌arbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination雙氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交換Hydroxylation羥基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵化Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation脫鹵Nitration硝化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝化Nitrosat

24、ion亞硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺?；疍esulfonation脫磺酸基Sulfenylation亞磺?；疭ulfonylation磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazotransfer重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Couplingreaction偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯(lián)Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugateaddition共軛加成Dimerization二聚Trimefiza

25、tion三聚Additivedimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氫化Oxyamination羥氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氫甲?；疕ydroacylation加氫?；疧xoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脫羰Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Ringclsure環(huán)合Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Di

26、enophile親雙烯體Endoaddition內(nèi)型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德反應(yīng)RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應(yīng)Enesynthesis單烯合成Anioniccycloaddition負(fù)離子環(huán)加成Dipolaraddition偶極加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Deamination脫氨基Pyrolyticelimination熱解消除Elimination-ad

27、dition消除-加成Decarboxylation脫羧Decarboxamidation脫酰胺Decyanation脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage酰基裂解Flashpyrolysis閃熱裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反應(yīng)Chelation螯環(huán)化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交換Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylati

28、on氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation鹵烷基化Transacetalation縮醛交換Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction鹵仿反應(yīng)Condensation縮合Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羥醛縮合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆羥醛縮合Acyloincondensation偶姻縮合Cyclization環(huán)化Annulation,annelation增環(huán)反應(yīng)Sp

29、iroannulation螺增環(huán)Autoxidation自氧化烯丙型氫過氧化電化學(xué)氧化氧化脫羧催化氫化烯丙型氫過氧化電化學(xué)氧化氧化脫羧催化氫化Oxonolysis臭氧解ElectrochemicaloxidationOxidativedecarboxylationAromatization芳構(gòu)化CatalytichydrogenationHeterogeneoushydrogenation多相氫化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氫化催化脫氫轉(zhuǎn)移氫化催化脫氫轉(zhuǎn)移氫化溶解金屬還原TransferhydrogenationHydrogenolysis氫解Dissolvingmet

30、alreductionSingleelectrontransfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecularreduction雙分子還原電化學(xué)還原Electrochemicalreduction電化學(xué)還原Reductivealkylation還原烷基化Reductiveacylation還原酰化Reductivedimerization還原二聚Deoxygenation脫氧Desulfurization脫硫Deselenization脫硒Mitallation金屬化Lithiation鋰化Hydrometallation氫金屬化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羥汞化Aminomer

31、curation氨汞化Abstraction奪取反應(yīng)Internalabstraction內(nèi)奪取反應(yīng)Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移Ringcontraction環(huán)縮小反應(yīng)Ringexpansion,ringenlargement擴(kuò)環(huán)反應(yīng)-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacolrearrangement頻哪醇重排Retropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪醇重排Semipin

32、acolrearrangement半頻哪醇重排BenzilicrearrangementAcylrearrangementMigratoryaptitudeTransannularinsertion二苯乙醇酸重排酰基重排遷移傾向跨環(huán)插入跨環(huán)重排正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排跨環(huán)重排正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排-遷移重排Wax蠟Paraffinwax石蠟TransannularrearrangementMigration遷移Prototropy質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移CationotropicrearrangementAnionotropy負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移AnionotropicrearrangementSigmatr

33、opicrearrangementHomosigmatropicrearrangement同遷移重排Electrophilicrearrangement親電重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光異構(gòu)化Photochemicalrearrangement光化學(xué)重排24有機(jī)化合物類名Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔顰lkane烷Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物活潑氫化合物Activehydrogencompo

34、unds活潑氫化合物Carbonacid碳?xì)渌酳uperacid超酸Diene雙烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkylhalide鹵代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚Epoxide環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve溶纖劑Crownether冠醚Netrocompound硝基化合物季銨化合物Amine胺季銨化合物Quaternaryammoniumcom-poundAmineoxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan硫醇Sulfonicacid磺酸Sulfoxide亞砜TOC o 1-5