2019年12月四級(jí)真題第二套

1、a.a.a. a a a. a a a a aa a a a a a. a . a . . a A A. A A a AFinally ,some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you areunlikelyto get is the 26 B of a new study that looked at howrespiratoriruses 27 L on airplanes.Researchers found that only people who were se

2、ated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, forexampleor one row in front of or behind that individual had a high risk of catching the illness. Allother passengers had only a very 28K chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reportshave not necessarily presented 29A information

3、 about the risk of getting infected on an airplane inthe past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30O to catchingrespiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting 31 C infected by commonrespirator

4、y viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to32 Ethe risks of infection , the study team flew on 10 different 33 G in the . during the fluresearchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on 34D side of a person infected with the flu,as well as thos

5、e sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance ofgetting sick. But other passengers werepercent chance of catching the flu.35Hsafe from infection. They had a less than 3A) Accurate準(zhǔn)確的B) conclusion結(jié)局,結(jié)果C) directly直接了當(dāng)?shù)腄) either兩者之一的E) evaluate評(píng)估F) explorations

6、探索G) flights航班H) largely在很大程度上I) nearby附近J) respond回應(yīng)responseK) slim纖細(xì)的，苗條的L) spread傳播M)summit頂峰，峰會(huì)N) vividly生動(dòng)形象的O) vulnerable脆弱的 be vulnerable toSection BIs Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day早餐真的是一天中最重要的一餐嗎A Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa d

7、oesnt bring toys tomisbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is themost important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake,even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularl

8、y , according to the British DieteticAssociation, and around three-quarters of Americans.A除了“胡蘿卜給你夜視”和“圣誕老人不會(huì)給行為不端的孩子帶來(lái)玩具”等古老的經(jīng)典名言外，各地疲憊的父母?jìng)冏钍煜さ囊痪湓捠窃绮褪且惶熘凶钪匾囊徊汀８鶕?jù)英國(guó)飲食協(xié)會(huì)(British DietticAssociation)的數(shù)據(jù)，我們中的許多人從小到大都認(rèn)為不吃早餐是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，即使只有三分之二的英國(guó)成年人經(jīng)常吃早餐，而大約四分之三的美國(guó)人也是如此。B “The body uses a lot of energy sto

9、res for growth and repair through the night,” explains dietspecialist Sarah Elder.“Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein andcalcium used throughout the night.” But theres widespread disagreement over whether breakfast shouldkeep its top spot in the hierar

10、chy( ip) of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cerealand the food industrys involvement in pro-breakfast researchand even one claim from an academic thatbreakfast is “dangerous”.B飲食專家莎拉埃爾德解釋說(shuō)：“人體整夜都要消耗大量的能量?jī)?chǔ)備來(lái)生長(zhǎng)和修復(fù)?！薄俺砸活D均衡的早餐有助于補(bǔ)充我們的能量，還能補(bǔ)充整晚消耗的蛋白質(zhì)和鈣。”但是，關(guān)于早餐是否應(yīng)該保持其在餐飲等級(jí)(IP)

11、中的首位，人們普遍存在分歧。人們對(duì)谷類食品的含糖量和食品業(yè)參與支持早餐的研究表示擔(dān)憂，甚至有一位學(xué)者聲稱早餐是“危險(xiǎn)的”。C Whats the reality Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companiesThe most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity. Scientists havedifferent theories as to

12、why theres a relationship between the two. In one US study that analysed thehealth data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch ordinner. The

13、researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake and improve the quality of ourdietsince breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrients.C現(xiàn)實(shí)是什么早餐是一天的必要開(kāi)始，還是谷類食品公司的一種營(yíng)銷策略研究最多的早餐(和不吃早餐)是它與肥胖的聯(lián)系。對(duì)于為什么兩者之間存在聯(lián)系，科學(xué)家們有不同的理論。美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究分析了 5萬(wàn)人七年來(lái)的健康數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些把早餐作為一天中最豐盛的一餐的人比那些午餐或晚餐

14、吃得多的人更有可能身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)的卡路里攝入量，并提高我們飲食的質(zhì)量-因?yàn)樵绮褪澄锿ǔ：懈叩睦w維和營(yíng)養(yǎng)素。D But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause or if breakfast-skippers werejust more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obesewomen took part in a 12-weck

15、weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over the day, buthalf had breakfast, while the other half did not. Whatthey found was that it wasnt breakfast itself that causedthe participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.D但與任何這類研究一樣，目前還不清楚這是不是原因，或者不吃早餐的人一開(kāi)始就更有可能超重

16、。為了找出答案，研究人員設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)研究，52名肥胖女性參加了一個(gè) 12周的減肥計(jì)劃。所有人在一天中攝入的卡路里都是相同的，但一半人吃早餐，而另一半人沒(méi)有。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致參與者減肥的不是早餐本身，而是改變了他們的日常生活方式。E If breakfast alone isnt a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast-skipping U Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of

17、Aberdeen, argues that itmay simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition andhealth. “There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes ,but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitu

18、ally have health-enhancing behaviours suchas regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.E如果單靠早餐不能保證減肥，為什么肥胖和早餐之間存在聯(lián)系阿伯丁大學(xué)(University OfAberdeen)食欲研究教授亞歷山德拉約翰斯通(U Alexandra Johnstone)認(rèn)為，這可能只是因?yàn)槿藗儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，不吃早餐的人對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)和健康的知識(shí)較少。她說(shuō)：“有很多關(guān)于吃早餐和可能的健康結(jié)果之間關(guān)系的研究，但這可能是因?yàn)槟切┏栽绮偷娜诉x擇習(xí)慣性地進(jìn)行有益健康的行為，比如定期鍛煉和不吸煙?！盕A 2016 review

19、 of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight managementconcluded there is “l(fā)imited evidence” supporting or refuting the argument that breakfast influences weightor food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help preventobes

20、ity.F2016年，一項(xiàng)針對(duì)早餐與體重管理關(guān)系的 10項(xiàng)研究的綜述得出結(jié)論，支持或駁斥早餐影響體重或食物攝入量的觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)“有限”，在早餐建議被用來(lái)幫助預(yù)防肥胖之前，還需要更多的證據(jù)。GResearchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through researchlooking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest thata b

21、igger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight.Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27%increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2diabetes in men, and a 20%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be

22、breakfastsnutritional valuepartly because cereal is horrified( Wn20 = Jlii) with vitamins. In one study onthe breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK,researchers found that the fibre andmicronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in

23、Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.G薩里大學(xué)和阿伯丁大學(xué)的研究人員正在研究我們進(jìn)食時(shí)間如何影響體重背后的機(jī)制，目前這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了一半。早期的研究結(jié)果表明，早餐吃得多對(duì)控制體重有好處。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)早餐影響的不僅僅是體重。不吃早餐與心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加 27%，男性患 2型糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加 21%，女性患 2型糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加 20%相關(guān)。其中一個(gè)原因可能是早餐的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值-部分原因是谷類食品富含維生素。在一項(xiàng)關(guān)于英國(guó) 1600名年輕人早餐習(xí)慣的研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常吃早餐的人纖維和微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入量更好。澳大利亞、巴西、加拿大和美國(guó)也有類似的發(fā)現(xiàn)。HBreakfa

24、st is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use.A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brainfunctions were inconclusive. However, one of the reviews researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there

25、is“reasonable” evidence breakfast does improve concentrationthere just needs to be more research.“Looking at studies thattested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the sameas the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And no studies found that eating breakfast was b

26、ad forconcentration.”H早餐還與改善大腦功能有關(guān)，包括注意力集中和語(yǔ)言使用。一項(xiàng)對(duì) 54項(xiàng)研究的回顧發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃早餐可以改善記憶，盡管對(duì)其他大腦功能的影響尚不確定。然而，該綜述的研究人員之一瑪麗貝絲斯皮茨納格爾(Mary Beth Spitznagel)“合理的”證據(jù)表明早餐確實(shí)能提高注意力-只是需要更多的研究。她說(shuō)：“看一看測(cè)試注意力的研究，顯示有益處的研究數(shù)量與發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有益處的研究數(shù)量完全相同?！薄岸覜](méi)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)吃早餐不利于集中注意力?！盜 Whats most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. Hig

27、h-protein breakfasts havebeen found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day,according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK

28、and US,a recent investigationinto the sugar content of adult breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quartersof the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highestingredient in cereals.i有些人認(rèn)為，最重要的是我們?cè)绮统允裁础８鶕?jù)澳大利亞聯(lián)邦科學(xué)和工業(yè)研究組織的

29、研究，高蛋白早餐被發(fā)現(xiàn)在減少一天晚些時(shí)候?qū)κ澄锖拖M(fèi)的渴望方面特別有效。雖然麥片仍然是英國(guó)和美國(guó)早餐消費(fèi)者的最愛(ài)，但最近一項(xiàng)對(duì)“成人”早餐麥片含糖量的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些麥片每部分的游離糖含量超過(guò)每日推薦量的四分之三，糖是麥片中第二或第三高的成分。J But some research suggests if were going to eat sugary foods, its best to do it early. One studyrecruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added

30、dessert to their breakfast, andhalf didnt. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds morehowever, the study was unable toshow the long- term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type ofbreakfast is healthier, and conclude that the type of breakfast

31、doesnt matter as much as simply eatingsomething.J但是一些研究表明，如果我們要吃含糖的食物，最好是早點(diǎn)吃。一項(xiàng)研究招募了 200名肥胖成年人參加為期 16周的節(jié)食，其中一半人在早餐中添加甜點(diǎn)，另一半沒(méi)有。添加甜點(diǎn)的人平均減掉了 40磅-然而，這項(xiàng)研究無(wú)法顯示長(zhǎng)期影響。一項(xiàng)對(duì) 54項(xiàng)研究的回顧發(fā)現(xiàn)，關(guān)于哪種早餐更健康，目前還沒(méi)有達(dá)成共識(shí)，并得出結(jié)論，早餐類型并不像簡(jiǎn)單地吃東西那么重要。K While theres no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when,

32、 the consensusis that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when were hungry. “Breakfast is most important forpeople who are hungry when they wake up,” Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differentlyandthose individual differences need to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A b

33、alanced breakfast isreally helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stablethrough the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,” says Elder. “Breakfast isnt the only mealwe should be getting right.”K雖然沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)表明我們到底應(yīng)該吃什么，什么時(shí)候吃，但共識(shí)是，我們應(yīng)該聽(tīng)從自己

34、的身體，在饑餓的時(shí)候吃東西。約翰斯通說(shuō)：“早餐對(duì)于那些醒來(lái)時(shí)感到饑餓的人來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要的。”Spitznagel說(shuō)：“每個(gè)人開(kāi)始這一天的方式都不同，這些個(gè)體差異需要更仔細(xì)地研究。”埃爾德說(shuō)：“均衡的早餐真的很有幫助，但全天有規(guī)律的飲食更重要的是讓血糖在一天中保持穩(wěn)定，這有助于控制體重和饑餓水平?！薄霸绮筒皇俏覀儜?yīng)該做對(duì)的唯一一餐?！?6. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and37. Some scientists claim that people

35、should consume the right kind of food at38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certain diseases in some40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast its

36、elf that induced weight41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intakeF44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower

37、 calorie but higher nutritional intakeC45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and36.根據(jù)一位教授的說(shuō)法，肥胖與缺乏基本的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和健康意識(shí)有關(guān)。37.一些科學(xué)家聲稱人們應(yīng)該在早餐時(shí)食用正確的食物。38.關(guān)于早餐是否是一天中最重要的一餐，意見(jiàn)不一。39.在一些國(guó)家，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)不吃早餐與某些疾病的發(fā)病率有關(guān)。40.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致體重減輕的是飲食習(xí)慣的改變，而不是早餐本身。41.為了保持健康，吃早餐比選擇吃什么更重要。42.人們普遍認(rèn)為不吃早餐是錯(cuò)誤的。43.需

38、要更多的研究來(lái)證明早餐與減肥或食物攝入量有關(guān)。44.優(yōu)先吃早餐的人往往卡路里較低，但營(yíng)養(yǎng)攝入量較高。45.許多研究表明，吃早餐有助于人們記憶和集中注意力。Section CPassage OneTextbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearsonis the largest publisherof any kindin the world.It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook

39、. A freshman textbook will have dozens ofcontributors,from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers.Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives替代品, such asopen e-textbooks and open educational r

40、esources, simply do not. This connection happens not only bymeans of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularlydecide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely du

41、e to students renting orbuying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their bookswhichhas increased over 1, 000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order.But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.While they

42、 may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over thecenturies, they have simulated dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the resent day, textbooks havedone this by posing questions for students to answer inductively. That means students are asked to u

43、se theirindividual experience to come up with answers to general questions.Todays psychology texts, for example,ask: “How much of your personality do you think you inherited” while ones in physics say: “How can youpredict where the ball you tossed will land ”Experts observe that “textbooks come in l

44、ayers, something like an onion.”For an active learner, engagingwith a textbook can be an interactive experience: Readers proceed at their own “customize” their books byengaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting , Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniquesallow for further customizat

45、ion that students value in print books over digital forms of books.教科書(shū)代表著一個(gè)價(jià)值 110億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè)，高于2014年的 80億美元。教科書(shū)出版商皮爾遜是世界上最大的出版商。制作一本新教科書(shū)大約要花費(fèi) 100萬(wàn)美元。一本新生教科書(shū)將有數(shù)十名撰稿人，從主題專家到平面和布局藝術(shù)家，再到專家評(píng)論員和課堂測(cè)試員。教科書(shū)出版商將教授、教師和學(xué)生聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這是開(kāi)放式電子教科書(shū)和開(kāi)放式教育資源等替代方案根本無(wú)法做到的。這種聯(lián)系不僅通過(guò)合作開(kāi)發(fā)、審查和測(cè)試的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，而且在教職員工定期決定來(lái)年教科書(shū)和課程的會(huì)議上也是如此。誠(chéng)然，教科書(shū)出版

46、商最近報(bào)告了虧損，主要是由于學(xué)生租用或購(gòu)買二手紙質(zhì)教科書(shū)。但這可以歸因于他們的圖書(shū)成本過(guò)高-自 1977年以來(lái)上漲了 1000%以上。教科書(shū)行業(yè)的重組很可能是順理成章的。但這并不意味著教科書(shū)本身的終結(jié)。雖然它們可能沒(méi)有 iPad那么有活力，但教科書(shū)并不是被動(dòng)的或沒(méi)有生命的。例如，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，他們以多種方式模擬對(duì)話。從1800年到現(xiàn)在，教科書(shū)通過(guò)提出問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生歸納回答來(lái)做到這一點(diǎn)。這意味著學(xué)生們被要求利用他們的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)提出一般問(wèn)題的答案。例如，今天的心理學(xué)課本會(huì)問(wèn)：“你認(rèn)為你繼承了多少人格”而物理學(xué)的人會(huì)說(shuō)：“你怎么能預(yù)測(cè)你拋出的球會(huì)落在哪里呢”專家觀察到，“教科書(shū)是層次分明的，有點(diǎn)像洋蔥。

47、”對(duì)于一個(gè)積極的學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，接觸教科書(shū)可以是一種互動(dòng)的體驗(yàn)：讀者按照自己的節(jié)奏進(jìn)行，他們通過(guò)參與不同的層次和聯(lián)系來(lái)“定制”他們的書(shū)籍。高亮顯示、便利貼、狗耳和其他技術(shù)允許學(xué)生進(jìn)一步定制紙質(zhì)書(shū)，而不是數(shù)字形式的書(shū)。does the passage say about open educational resourcesA)They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.B)They dont profit as much as traditional textbooks do.C)They cant connect professors an

48、d students as textbooks do.D)They compete fiercely激烈的 for customers with textbook producers.is the main cause of the publishers losses損失A)Failure to meet student need.B)Industry restructuring.C) Emergence of e-books.D)Falling sales.does the textbook industry need to doA)Reform its structures.B) Cut

49、its retail prices零售價(jià).C) Find replacements for printed textbooks.D)Change its business strategy periodically定期地.are students expected to do in the learning processA)Think carefully before answering each question.B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.C) Answer questions using their persona

50、l experience.D)Give answers showing their respective personality各自的個(gè)性.do experts say about students using textbooksA)They can digitalize數(shù)字化 the prints easily.B)They can learn in an interactive way.C)They can purchase customized versions定制的版本.D)They can adapt改編 the material themselves.46.這篇文章對(duì)開(kāi)放教育資源有

51、什么看法a)他們對(duì)教學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)不亞于對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的貢獻(xiàn)b)它們不像傳統(tǒng)教科書(shū)那樣受益c)他們不能像教科書(shū)那樣把教授和學(xué)生聯(lián)系起來(lái)d)他們與教科書(shū)生產(chǎn)商為爭(zhēng)奪客戶展開(kāi)了激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)47.出版商虧損的主要原因是什么a)未能滿足學(xué)生的需求b)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整c)電子書(shū)的出現(xiàn)d)銷售額下降48.教科書(shū)產(chǎn)業(yè)需要做些什么a)改革體制b)降低零售價(jià)c)尋找印刷教科書(shū)的替代品d)定期改變經(jīng)營(yíng)策略49.學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中應(yīng)該做些什么a)在回答每個(gè)問(wèn)題之前仔細(xì)考慮b)根據(jù)自己的理解提出問(wèn)題c)根據(jù)他們的親身經(jīng)歷回答問(wèn)題d)給出顯示各自個(gè)性的答案50.專家們對(duì)學(xué)生使用教科書(shū)有何看法a)他們可以很容易地將指紋數(shù)字化b)他們可以通過(guò)互

52、動(dòng)的方式學(xué)習(xí)c)他們可以購(gòu)買定制版本d)他們可以自己改編材料Passage TwoWhen we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them into two distinctgroups : one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, thosedividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a

53、sca s/eg thats truly half animal and half pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae on which it feeds.The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants that captures energy from sunlight ,and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty is us

54、ed to describe the practice of usinghijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal thatcan be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like behaviors. Manyscientists have studied the green sea slugs to con

55、firm that they are actually able to create energy fromsunlight.In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations. Theirbabies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they cant generate energy from sunlightuntil theyve eaten enoug

56、h algae to steal the necessary genes, which they cant yet produce on their own.“Theres no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,” says SidneyPierce from the University of South Florida. “And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely onsunshine for its nutritio

57、n. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving todeath until they find more algae to eat.”The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months withouthaving to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that theyve hijacked from thealgae.當(dāng)我們想到動(dòng)物和植物時(shí)，我們有一個(gè)相當(dāng)好的方法將它們分為兩個(gè)截然不同的群體：一個(gè)將陽(yáng)光轉(zhuǎn)化為能量，另一個(gè)必須吃食物來(lái)制造能量。嗯，隨著發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種真正的半動(dòng)物半植物的 SCA，這些分界線就被打破了。令人難以置信的是，它是如何成功地劫持了它賴以生存的藻類的基因。這些鼻涕蟲(chóng)可以制造葉綠素，這是植物中的一種綠色色素，可以從陽(yáng)光中獲取能量，并將這些基因保存在它們的體內(nèi)?！把鄄€成形術(shù)”一詞用來(lái)描述利用被劫