2018考研英語：完型填空模擬題及參考答案解析【四】

1、2018考研英語：完型填空模擬題及參考答案解析【四】 【 HYPERLINK /kaoyan/ t _blank #考研# 導語】考研英語完形填空部分十分考驗學生的詞匯量積累和語法運用，是考生最容易失分的題型之一，因而需要日常知識積累和大量的練習相結合，才有達到有效的復習效果。以下是無憂考網為大家整理的2018考研英語：完型填空模擬題及參考答案解析【四】供您查閱。Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular

2、，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an_1_burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but_2_retirement could help.Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially_3_one，and makes the present public pension system diffic

3、ult to sustain for long. The_4_reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the_5_of those in work for their income. The_6_is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and_7_life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age d

4、ependency rate to roughly double_8_size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are_9_to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries._10_is the pressure on pension funds that the

5、re is a danger of todays workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they_11_for.Action is needed，_12_simply aiming to reduce the_13_(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to_14_the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be_15_to deal with the depen

6、dency challenge. After years of_16_early retirement schemes to avoid_17_and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking_18_persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less_19_and unemployment is down，then p

7、erhaps the_20_rate should rise anew.1.A unsolvable B additional C unsustainable D undue2.A delaying B retaining C detaining D hindering3.A ultimate B unattainable C specific D expensive4.A substantial B essential C potential D controversial5.A donating B sponsoring C subsidizing D funding6.A outlook

8、 B outcome C outbreak D outset7.A prolonging B expanding C soaring D rising8.A in B on C by D for9.A conceived B reckoned C expected D meant10.A As B Such C So D It11.A should pay B paying C be paid D would pay12.A but B for C and D thus13.A multitude B implementation C application D generosity14.A

9、exaggerate B augment C magnify D multiply15.A insufficient B influential C inefficient D intrinsic16.A advancing B previous C ahead D preceding17.A suspensions B abundances C redundancies D discrepancies18.A for B to C about D at19.A turbulent B strenuous C compact D intricate20.A dependency B ferti

10、lity C present D mortality答案1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C總體分析本文主要討論了老齡化給經合組織國家現存養(yǎng)老體系帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經合組織國家?guī)淼奶魬?zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對解決該問題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來的問題，即越來越多的人早退休而壽命延長，隨著出生率的降低，就會有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來為他們養(yǎng)老，養(yǎng)老金在國家財政中所占的比例增加，成為無法承受的負擔。第三段探討了解決方法，

11、指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。全文翻譯老齡化給經合組織國家，尤其是在如何支付未來的公共養(yǎng)老金負債方面，帶來了嚴重的挑戰(zhàn)。早退休給退休金的融資帶來了難以承受的負擔。沒有什么簡單的解決方案，但推遲退休(年齡)可能有所幫助。早退休可能看起來是個值得追求的個人目標，但對于社會來說卻是昂貴的，它使當前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久?；驹蚴歉嗟娜送诵菰缍鴫勖鼌s更長。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴在職者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔憂的。未來50年，經合組織國家的低出生率和預期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。占經合組織國家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在國內生產總值中的比例預期將平均增加超過三個百分點，而在有些國家甚至會增加八個百分點。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現在的工人有得不到他們預期或認為應該得到的