公共采購中的信息技術

1、Information Technology in Public Procurement公共采購中的信息技術Jeff WoodhamsIT 信息技術Targets 目標notification 通告purchasing cards采購卡EDI電子商務tendering 招標Targets for IT in Public Procurement公共采購中信息技術的目標Europe 歐洲UK 英國Going Electronic通過電子途徑SIMAP and Other InitiativesbyJeff WoodhamsOJEC Notices 歐盟官方通告Information on Con

2、tracts合同信息Public contracts announced in 公共采購信息發(fā)布在 Official Journal - OJEC CD-ROM 歐盟官方通告Tenders Electronic Daily - TED 招標電子日報SIMAPEuro Info Centres 歐洲信息中心trade associations 貿易協(xié)會chambers of commerce 商會other services by subscription (eg Contrax Weekly) 其他刊物SIMAP Projects SIMAP 項目 Notification 通告dissemi

3、nation 傳播market monitoring and analysis 市場調查和分析information exchange between purchasers and suppliers 采購方與供應方的信息交換SIMAP Benefits SIMAP的好處automatic translation自動 翻譯no postal delays無郵政延誤automatic replies自動回復cost savings 節(jié)約費用SIMAPSIMAPSCUSCUNoticesstatisticsenquirersesp.SMEsCommissionOPOCETEDFuture in E

4、urope歐洲的未來standards for high volume transactions為大批量交易設置的標準pilots for SMEs 在SMEs方面的領先者Sweden瑞典Norway挪威Finland芬蘭France法國construction industry initiatives (eg Latham)建筑工業(yè)提出的Standards標準all users to have a unique address所有用戶使用唯一的地址addressing uses X 400 地址使用X400security to allow cheap encryption加密保證安全aut

5、hentication to prove origin 鑒定原始來源proof of receipt單據證明time lock for tenders 為招標者鎖定時間ProcureNet or Internet?采購網或英特網Purchasing Cards采購卡work like credit cards如信用卡“super” petty cash 資金量不大cover simple transactions包括簡單的交易issued to end users發(fā)放給使用者penalties for abuse懲罰濫用者feedback on spend is weak花費反饋不好Purch

6、asing Systems采購系統(tǒng)can be tailored to the needs of the purchaser可以按采購者需要定做can be limited to certain suppliers可以限制在一定的供應商can be limited to certain products可以限制一定的商品make life easy for end-users and procurement departments alike 簡化最終用戶和采購部門工作provide detailed analysis of spend 提供詳細的開支分析orders can be sent

7、electronically 訂貨可以在網上進行Useful Internet Sites/comm/dg1aElectronic Procurement網上采購Jeff WoodhamsWhich Aspects Benefit?哪些方面可以受益High volume transactions大批量交易invoices 發(fā)貨單call offs 取消delivery advice 交貨方式purchase orders 訂單high complexity 復雜性高drawings 繪圖Typical Invoice Pattern10501003006008001k1.5k2k2.5k3k5

8、k10k10kInvoice amount in 050,000100,000150,000200,000No of invoicesExternal invoices received by 5 Swedish local authorities - total 620065 invoicesPre-Contract Messages合同開始前信息call for competitionexpression of interestinformation requiredinformation & certificatesrequest for rules & criteriarules &

9、criteriadecision on qualification & reasons if rejectedselection of tender listenquiry documentationrequests for additional documentsadditional documentsrequests for clarificationadditional informationtenderstender assessmentrequest for clarificationresponsecontract awardP U R C H A S E R S U P P L

10、I E R S Post Contract Messages合同后期信息ready for deliverydelivery cominginvoiceprogress reportsrequest for quote for variationquotation for cost & timevariation instructionnotification of claim eventmitigation instructionscosts claimedrequest for clarificationclarificationdecision on claimcertification

11、 of workpaymentnotification of defectsfinal certificateP U R C H A S E R S U P P L I E R Legal Validity法律有效性No problem in UK 英國沒有問題burden of proof 驗證負擔security 安全性authenticity 真實性serial numbers 序號separate legal agreement may be desirableessential between countries在各國間要求有法定協(xié)議Vertical Markets 市場Automo

12、tive industry - Odette 汽車工業(yè)construction industry 建筑工業(yè)retailing 零售業(yè)health care 保健EDI in Car Industry汽車工業(yè)的電子商務raw materialcomponent suppliersub-assemblysuppliercar makerdealersub-assembly suppliercomponent supplierrawmaterialrawmaterialEDI in Construction Industry建筑工業(yè)的電子商務sub-sub-contractorsub-contrac

13、tormaincontractorclientengineersurveyorarchitectsub-contractorsub-sub-contractorEDI in Retail Industry零售業(yè)的電子商務packagingingredientscarrierssuppliersuppliercarriersretailerstorestoreClosed Systemssupplier Xsupplier Yproprietarysystem Acustomersupplierproprietarysystem Cretailer Sretailer Tproprietarys

14、ystem Bproprietarysystem DEU Procurement Directives歐盟采購指令Cover包括-central government中央政府local government地方政府utility companies公共事業(yè)require要求-advertising of needs 公布需求 no discrimination非歧視open specifications公開技術規(guī)范objective assessment客觀評估EU Procurement Directives歐盟采購指令avoiding discrimination means避免歧視方法o

15、pen EDI 公開電子商務&cheap entry costs參加費低廉Projects 項目characteristics -特征low volume 量小high value 價值高high complexity高度復雜long timescales 時間長subject to variations 可能發(fā)生變更Projects項目Challenges挑戰(zhàn)consistent information前后一致的信息managing information信息管理all parties must be able to access information所有人能夠進入信息系統(tǒng)access t

16、o information on site 在現(xiàn)場獲取信息not home base不在總部potentially hostile environment潛在不利的環(huán)境下Internetdata path數據路徑Supplier 供應商Purchaser 采購者EEG 12 Public ProcurementEEG 12 公共采購notices to OPOCE通知OPOCEqualification of suppliers供應商資格審查electronic enquiry and tendering電子詢問和招標Electronic Procurement電子采購seamless mat

17、ching of needs and offers完全符合采購者的要求fast 迅速secure 安全authenticated 驗證reliable 可靠EEG12 Study EEG12研究concentrate on simple?purchases 集中在簡單采購上start with enquiry and tender 以詢問和招標開始consider process in several countries考慮不同國家的程序cover non-EDI electronic solutions包括非電子商務的電子解決方案Existing EDI當前的電子商務REQOTE and Q

18、UOTES重新報價some changes are necessary作一些必要的改變pilot before change requests start在改變要求之前進行試點Directives - Need for Change指令需要改變qualification system for public sector 資格認證體系framework agreements essential for all 框架協(xié)議minimum time limits should be abolished for electronic tenders 電子招標要廢除原有的時間限制accelerated t

19、imescales should be regarded as the norm 提高采購的時間效率non-electronic suppliers should be able to continue to participate via wired agents 非電子供應商應當可以繼續(xù)通過其他具上網能力的機構參加競爭Pilot Project 試點項目healthcare sector suggested建議在保健部門實行essential pre-requisites基礎必需品Essential Requirements for Pilot 試點的基本要求standard enquir

20、y documentation標準查詢文件standard tender return 標準投標standard contract conditions標準合同條件standard EDI agreement 標準電子商務協(xié)議European level registration system歐洲水平的注冊系統(tǒng)Essential Requirements for Pilot 試點的基本要求electronic support systems 電子支持系統(tǒng)contract databases 合同數據庫standards and specifications databases 標準和技術規(guī)范數據庫standard product+service codes 標準產品+服務代碼product specific but not manufacturer specific 指明產品規(guī)格而并非