英語語音教學(xué)語流市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、 English pronunciation 英語語音 II第1頁 Connected speech 語 流第2頁 語流Connected speechI Loss of plosion and incomplete plosion失去爆破和不完全爆破爆破音和爆破音或其它輔音相鄰，(w j除外)時往往失去爆破，這主要是因為兩個輔音之間間隔太小，這種現(xiàn)象在語音學(xué)上稱為“失去爆破”或“特殊爆破”。 第一個爆破音只形成妨礙，但不發(fā)生爆破，稱作不完全爆破。說話時，前一個單詞爆破音只保持發(fā)音部位（音不發(fā)出來）同時，即向下一個單詞起音輔音過渡，不完全爆破得以實現(xiàn)。不完全爆破產(chǎn)生原因大致上是因為省力標準造成

2、。 不完全爆破時英語語音學(xué)習(xí)中重點，也是一個難點；掌握不好不完全爆破，就不可能講地道英語。下面列舉不完全爆破幾條主要規(guī)則：第3頁 一個單詞里情況：1 兩個爆破音相鄰，第一個爆破音只形成妨礙，但失去爆破，第二個爆破音完全爆破；若第二個爆破音在詞尾則必須輕化。September robbed blackboard beggedpostcard第4頁 2 爆破音/t/ /d/ 后面緊跟鼻輔音/m/和/n/，/t/ /d/形成妨礙，但詞尾必須經(jīng)過鼻腔爆破。 certainhidden在詞中，則形成妨礙，不完全爆破。 utmostadmit第5頁 3 爆破音/t/ /d/后面緊跟舌側(cè)音/l/，/t/ /

3、d/形成妨礙，在詞尾必須經(jīng)過舌兩側(cè)爆破 little在詞中，形成妨礙，但不完全爆破。 latelybadly第6頁 4 爆破音和摩擦音相鄰，該爆破音形成妨礙，但不完全爆破。 advance success第7頁 5 爆破音和破擦音相鄰，該爆破音形成妨礙，但不完全爆破。 pictureobject第8頁 goodbyeaskedpickedpigtailbobbedactivekeptslept curtainBritainwoodenexcitementadmire3 gentlebattlelittletitlebottlesettleneedlemiddlemodellatelyhardl

4、yloudly4adviceadvanceeighthadventurefriendship5 lectureobjectactuallysubject第9頁 單詞與單詞之間情況：1 兩個爆破音相鄰，第一個爆破音形成妨礙，但失去爆破，稍微停頓一下，立刻發(fā)出第二個爆破音。 stop talkinggreat care bad coldbig boy take care第10頁 2 爆破音和鼻輔音/m，n/相鄰，爆破音形成妨礙，但不完全爆破，稍微停頓一下。good morning dont know第11頁 3 爆破音和舌側(cè)音/l/相鄰，爆破音形成妨礙，但不完全爆破，略做停頓。 at lastgo

5、od luck第12頁 4 爆破音和摩擦音相鄰，爆破音形成妨礙，但不完全爆破，略做停頓。 old friend a good viewkeep silenta good zooget throughjust thenquite sure第13頁 5 爆破音和破擦音相鄰，爆破音形成妨礙，但不完全爆破，略做停頓。 great changegood job第14頁 a great deala bad coldtake careput downquit differentstop talkinggood morninggood newsloud noisedark nightquite nearat

6、noonstop nowat lastat leastat lunchat leisuregood luckred light第15頁 old friendfriend firstfirst volumea good viewfirst stepa good zoogreat successdeep snowget therebright thoughttake threejust thenquite surenot sharp第16頁 Connected speech 2 Sound linking連讀1. 詞末輔音和詞首元音連讀put it intake it off2. 詞末元音和詞首元

7、音連讀go onhow old3.詞末不發(fā)音字母r和緊跟其后詞詞首元音連讀，字母r必須發(fā) 音, 發(fā)/r/.far awayfor ever第17頁 make upwork output ontake ontake offkeep onkeep uppick upread outall of usin a minutefirst of allnot at allfar awayhere and therelater onfor everfor examplefor instancefor a momenta matter of factgo outgo ontry itsee offday in

8、 and day out第18頁 Red River ValleyFrom this valley they say you are leavingWe shall miss your bright eyes and sweet smilesFor you take with you all of the sunshineThat has brightened our path way a whileThen come sit by my side if you love meDo not hasten to bid me adieu Just remember the red river v

9、alleyAnd the cowboy thats loved you so trueFor a long time my darling Im waiting For the sweet words you never would sayNow alas gone my fond hopes that vanishedFor they say that you are going awayThen come sit by my side if you love meDo not hasten to bid me adieu Just remember the red river valley

10、And the cowboy thats loved you so true第19頁 Scarborough FairAre you going to Scarborough FairParsley sage rosemary and thymeRemember me to one who lived thereShe once was the true love of mineTell her to make me a cambric shirtParsley sage rosemary and thymeWithout no seams nor needle workThen shell

11、be the true love of mineTell her to find me an acre of landParsley sage rosemary and thymeBetween sea water and the sea strandThen shell be the true love of mineTell her to reap it with a sickle of leatherParsley sage rosemary and thymeAnd gather it all in a bunch of heatherThen shell be the true lo

12、ve of mine第20頁 You Are My Sunshine You are my sunshine my only sunshine You make me happy when skies are grey Youll never know dear how much I love you Please don t take my sunshine away The other night dear when I was sleeping I dreamed I held you in my arms When I awoke dear I was mistaken So I he

13、ld my head and cried You are my sunshine my only sunshine You make me happy when skies are grey Youll never know dear how much I love you Please dont take my sunshine away The other night dear when I was sleeping I dreamed I held you in my arms When I awoke dear I was mistaken So I held my head and

14、cried 第21頁 Connected speech 3Syllables, stressed syllables and unstressed syllables 音節(jié)，重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)音節(jié)：一個元音組成一個音節(jié)，一個元音加上一個或一個以上輔音，也能夠組成一個音節(jié)。重音：在一個音節(jié)中，元音比輔音長而響亮，在雙元音和多音節(jié)詞中有一個音節(jié)比其它音節(jié)中元音長而響亮，這個長而響亮音節(jié)被稱為重讀音節(jié)，stressed syllables。沒有接收重讀音節(jié)被成為非重讀音節(jié)，unstressed syllables。第22頁 Classification of stressed syllables

15、重音分類1. Single stressedgomewe ago aheadmother2. Even stressedunknown eighteenmisprint3. Primary and secondary stressedrevolutionqualificationuniversity第23頁 Word stress 單詞重音A)雙音節(jié)詞a)普通在第一個音節(jié)重讀。 lettersorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro

16、-, trans- 等前綴詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。 about believe addressdecidereportcondemn respectcompareinformdiscuss impressmistakeenforceprepare employpermit escape produce exclaimtranslate 第24頁 c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴重音與詞義和詞類相關(guān), 普通名詞重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。 record record insult insult conductconduct present pres

17、ent contentcontent d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等詞，有兩個重音。 outsideretell well-known unreal fifteen Chinese pre-warpost-war第25頁 B)多音節(jié)詞a)普通倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。difficult communist family economyopportunitydemocracy. b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根重音讀音。carefully indefinite comfortable conductor, acco

18、rding disturbance complicatedestablishment 第26頁 c)詞尾有-eous, -graphy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive 后綴詞，重音在這些后綴前一個音節(jié)上。courteous calligraphyeditorial historianperiodicmathematicsprotectiveexperiencesufficientidentifytranslation religiouscuriosityd)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -e

19、er, -ese, -ette 后綴詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。entertainemployeemountaineerJapanesecigarette 第27頁 C)復(fù)合名詞重音普通在第一個音節(jié)。blackboardhandbagbookstoreclassroom復(fù)合動詞重音普通在第二個音節(jié)。maltreatill-treatshortchangecross-section waterproof第28頁 2)句子重音實詞（notional words）重讀（名詞，形容詞，實意動詞，數(shù)詞，疑問詞，感嘆詞，副詞重讀）虛詞 (function words)輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音

20、節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be.）第29頁 b) 實詞不重讀特殊情況1)實詞第二次出現(xiàn)He thinks of that as a child thinks. 2)一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾I met her in the railway station. 3)代替詞Which book do you want? The small one. 第30頁 4)感嘆詞中 what 和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is! 5)street 在專有名詞中Wangfujing Street.6)

21、this在這些短語中this morning/afternoon/evening第31頁 7)虛詞重讀特殊情況1 情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can youhelp me? Yes, I can. I dont like you. He isnt a worker. 2 情態(tài)動詞表示可能，驚奇和必定時。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be inthe room. 第32頁 3

22、 介詞在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. 4 引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句連詞在句首。If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. 5反身代詞表示強調(diào)。He couldnt come himself.第33頁 Connected speech 4 pausing 停頓停頓目標：1）呼吸換氣2）為了更清楚更有條理地表示思想3）便于對方聽清楚2. 意群（meaning group）每個意群后面有一個停頓，即停頓決定意群大小。意群劃分由兩個原因決定

23、:1）語速 （speed of the speech）2）句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)長度 (sentence grammar structure)第34頁 1)語速語速快，意群可長；語速慢，意群可短。如：The old lady told you to go 語速快時，能夠把此句劃分為一個意群：/the old lady told you to go/語速慢時，能夠把此句劃分為兩個意群：/the old lady / told you to go/第35頁 2)句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)長度a）短句能夠有一個獨立意群/Are you sure?/I like Sunday best./b)長句要劃分成兩個或兩個以上意群，

24、劃分主要標準以下：1用做句中主語一個短語或從句能夠有一個獨立意群。/Most of the students / are studying in the classroom./What I have told you / is true./2句首短語或者從句用做狀語，能夠有一個獨立意群/ In that case, / Ill stay home./When he comes back, / ask him to call me. /第36頁 3非限制性定語從句能夠有一個獨立意群/ This is Professor Wang, / who has just returned from Ame

25、rica./4非限制性同位語能夠有一個獨立意群/We have just seen Mr. Price, / the new manager./5限制性同位語或定語從句普通沒有一個獨立意群/Mr. Price the manager, / is the brother of Mr. Price the teacher./第37頁 Connected speech 5 Intonation 語氣Classification: the falling tone 降調(diào)分 類the rising tone升調(diào) the falling-rising tone降升調(diào)第38頁 1 降調(diào)基本意義和使用方法：t

26、he basic meaning and use of falling tone1）直截了當陳說句（straightforward statement）用降調(diào)，因為說話人對他所說話內(nèi)容必定無疑。They are working very hard.2）特殊疑問句（special questions）普通用降調(diào)。What are you reading?3）強制命令（strong command）用降調(diào)turn left! Hands up,no harm .第39頁 4）選擇問句（alternative questions）后半句用降調(diào)。Would you care for a cup of tea or