Unit4Grammarandusage-完整精講版課件

1、英語教學(xué)課件高二（上）Unit 4Helping people around the worldGrammar and usageObjectivesTo get a further understanding of unreal conditionalsTo learn the forms of mixed unreal conditionalsTo learn other cases that need to use unreal conditionals虛擬語氣1）概念 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。Revision2）在條件句中的

2、應(yīng)用 條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。在條件狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句中,表示與事實(shí)相反的條件和結(jié)果。1) 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：If 主語 , 主語 +V原 was/were/V-edshould (wouldcould, might)2) 與過去事實(shí)相反：If 主語 , 主語 +have V-ed3) 與將來事實(shí)相反：If 主語 , 主語 +V原should (wouldcould, might)shouldwere toshould (wouldcould, might)had been /V-ed件從句條I

3、f 從句中的謂語形式主句中的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去將來Revision: If 虛擬語氣過去時(shí)(did/were)would/could/should/might +V.（原）過去完成時(shí)would/could/should/might + have + p.p.1. 過去時(shí)2. should+V.3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.（原） Read the points and examples on Page 56. Please find out:1.How the tenses are used in the if-clause and the m

4、ain clause in Point 1?2.Which words can be used to replace if- clauses in implied conditionals?3.How to express unreal conditionals in adverbial clauses?4.How to use unreal conditionals in object clauses introduced by that? 1. 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣(mixed conditionals)。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依

5、照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital. We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yester

6、day, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.1. If I had finished my homework last night, I would be allowed to watch TV now. 如果我昨晚完成了作業(yè)，現(xiàn)在就被允許看電視了。（從句說明過去情況，而主句說明現(xiàn)在情況。）2. If you told me the truth now, I would not send for your parents tom

7、orrow. 如果你現(xiàn)在告訴我實(shí)話，我明天就不請(qǐng)你家長(zhǎng)來了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在情況，主句說明將來情況。）If I_ business at university, I_ a manager now. If I had taken an alternative path and_ medicine, I_ a lot of medical knowledge. If I _ a lot about medicine, I _ able to help my sick mother. If I _ my sick mother, I _ so upset. had not studiedwould n

8、ot behad studiedwould haveknewwould becould helpwould not beComplete Part A on page 57:2. We use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals. Without air , there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done

9、it.(If there were no air)(If it hadnt been for your help)Implied Conditionals: 含蓄虛擬語氣 有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過if條件句表達(dá)出來，而隱含在某些介詞短語中，如 with, without, but for 等，或者通過副詞or, otherwise等上下文表示。1. Without your encouragement, I wouldnt have succeeded. (=If you hadnt encouraged me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.)沒有你的鼓勵(lì)，我不

10、會(huì)成功的。例如：2. With (if I had) more money, I could help more people in need.3. But for the (if there was no) money you sent me, I would starve now.4. I am too hungry, or/otherwise I would not try to eat you. (=If I were not so hungry, I would not try to eat you.)3. In adverbial clauses introduced by eve

11、n if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.Introduced by even if, as if/though, if only 在even if, as if/though, if only引導(dǎo)的從句表示與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)也使用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符用一般過去時(shí)，與過去事實(shí)不符用過去完成時(shí)。即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were

12、 a stranger. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. Imitation:1. 即使你有錢也不能這么浪費(fèi)。You should not waste even if you were rich.2. 看上去他們好像吃錯(cuò)藥似的。It looked as if they had taken some wrong medicine.3. 我女朋友逛起街來好像永遠(yuǎn)不知道累一樣。My girl friend goes shopping as though she never felt

13、tired.4. 要是我現(xiàn)在就知道明天考試的答案就好了。If only I knew the answers to the exam to be held tomorrow.注意： 上述連詞也可以引導(dǎo)事實(shí)或者具有很大可能性是事實(shí)的從句，此時(shí)不必使用虛擬語氣。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It seems as though he is lost.虛擬語氣特殊句型： wish/if only 現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did（were）had donewould do 1) I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）2) I wish I hadnt

14、 made such a mistake.（過去）3) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來）If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train! I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望

15、和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。wish to do; wish sb./sth. to do 想要，希望 I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather (that)現(xiàn)在：過去：

16、未來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done3. Its (about/high) time + that should dodid你該走了。我們?cè)撊ニX了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went

17、to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1) 賓語從句。常見動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè) 命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, desire, require, request這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We sug

18、gested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表

19、示“建議” 或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、或“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.obey

20、wasbe senthavewas 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣，即： (should) + v-原形。 名詞形式: order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, desire request, requirementThe suggestion is that the plan be carried out at once.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice

21、 that the chemical factory should be closed down.5. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important + that-clause 從句中的動(dòng) 詞要用虛擬，即（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.6. 某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型： H

22、eaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!Answers ( P57 Part B)B (1) Without (2) otherwise (3) wish (4) suggest (5) if only (6) as if課本練習(xí)Reflection time If the tense of the main clause is different from that of the if-clause, we can use _.2. Tell some ot

23、her cases that can use unreal conditionals:(1) _; (2) _; (3) _; (4) _.mixed conditionalsotherwise, with even if, as if, as though, if onlywish, would rathersuggest/suggestion, require/requirementPractice 1. If I _ to school tomorrow, I _ my lessons now. A. were to go; would do B. would go; would do

24、C. went; did D. should go; am doing A2._ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 3. If it _this afternoon, the English party would be ruined. A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. was rainingCB4. Id rather you _ their invitation yeste

25、rday. A. not accept B. wouldnt accept C. didnt accept D. hadnt accepted5. It is important that you _ sports every. A. have B. would C. must have D. will haveCA 6._ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 7.Yesterday Jane

26、 went away from the discussion, otherwise she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might D. might have saidBD8. Im glad you told me about the match being cancelled. _ Id have traveled all the way to London for nothing. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 9. I hope y

27、ou enjoyed your food very much, sir. Yes, not bad. But the chicken _a little tender. A. could have been B. can be C. must be D. should be BA 10. _ your timely help, we could not have finished the task ahead of time last week. A. With B. Without C. But for D. Otherwise. 11. If anyone _ this way, we w

28、ould be caught like rats in a trap. A. would come B. had come C. should come D. comes BC 12. _ the job on the farm, the older Men _ find it difficult to get a new job. A. With; should B. Without; should C. Without; would D. With; would C 13. If Mr. Smith had realized the danger, he_ more children ru

29、n out of the classroom. A. would help B. would have helped C. will help D. had helped BIf we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.have bookedB. bookedC. book D. had booked 【2013北京】【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：如果我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)訂桌的話，我們就不可能在這里站著排隊(duì)了。可知if從句是對(duì)過去的虛擬，用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 高考鏈接 2. Do you think George has passed the driving test? No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 【2013福建】【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意，如果這樣的話（喬治已經(jīng)通過駕照考試），他昨天就駕車來我們大學(xué)了，可知是對(duì)過去的虛擬。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done。故答案選C。 3. I should not