高考英語二輪語法鞏固-《非謂語動詞》專題講練(含答案)

1、高考英語二輪語法鞏固非謂語動詞專題講練【正誤比對】誤區(qū)之一謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的誤用(1)【誤】 The lady walked around the shops, kept an eye out for bargains.【正】 The lady walked around the shops, keeping an eye out for bargains.分析kept改為keeping/and kepto句子主語lady和keep之間是主動關(guān)系，而 且walk和keep同時發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語或加and變?yōu)椴⒘兄^語。(2)【誤】 Today there are more airp

2、lanes carry more people than ever before in the skies.【正】 Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.【正】 Today there are more airplanes which/that carry more people than ever before in the skies.分析此句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，故carry應(yīng)用非謂語形式或定語從句。因airplanes 和carry之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞

3、carrying作定語，相當于which/that carryo 句意:現(xiàn)在天空中比以前有更多的飛機運送更多的乘客。誤區(qū)之二過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的誤用【誤】 Seeing from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.【正】 Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.分析Seeing改為Seen。此處是非謂語動詞作狀語，邏輯主語the south foot of the m

4、ountain與see之間是被動關(guān)系，且其動作在謂語動詞動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完 成，故用過去分詞。(2)【誤】 I am awfully tiring, but I know 1,11 never fall asleep.【正】 I am awfully tired, but I know PH never fall asleep.分析tiring改為tired。修飾人，應(yīng)用過去分詞tired表示“勞累的，疲勞的”。誤區(qū)之三動名詞和不定式的誤用(1)【誤】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall.【正】 We dont allow smoking in

5、 the lecture hall.分析to smoke改為smoking。allow接動詞作賓語時，要用v.-ing形式;接賓語 補足語時，要用allow sb to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)【誤】 Passengers are permitted carrying only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.【正】 Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.分析carrying改為to carryo permit接動詞作賓語時

6、，要用v.-ing形式;接主語補 足語時，要用be permitted to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)【誤】 Fve been looking forward to hear from you.【正】 Ive been looking forward to hearing from you.分析hear改為hearing。短語look forward to中的to為介詞，故接動名詞作賓 語。誤區(qū)之四非謂語作補足語的誤用(1)【誤】 This boy was seen come late this morning.【正】 This boy was seen to come late this m

7、orning.分析come前加too感官動詞see, watch,notice等動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，其 后不定式需要帶t。(2)【誤】 I looked up and noticed a snake wind its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.【正】I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.分析wind改為winding。根據(jù)語境可知,wind its way與snake之間為主動關(guān)系 且此動作正在進行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作

8、賓補。誤區(qū)之五非謂語和祈使句的誤用(1)【誤】 Following the road round to the right and youH find his house.【正】 Follow the road round to the right and you11! find his house.分析Following改為Follow。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句是一個祈使句，故Following 改為 Follow o(2)【誤】 Follow the road round to the right, she found his house.【正】 Following the road rou

9、nd to the right, she found his house.分析Follow改為Following。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句是分詞作狀語，由于邏輯 主語she與follow之間是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞followingo【考點歸納】非謂語動詞概述非謂語動詞包括不定式(to do)、動名詞(-ing)、現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)與過去分詞(-ed)o它們不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制,在句子中不能單獨充當謂語，但可以充當句子 的其他成分,并且有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。所以，要正確使用非謂語形式，一定要充分理解不同形式所表達的意義，要明 確非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是“主動”還是“被動”關(guān)系，所表示的動作是

10、“過去”、 “現(xiàn)在”還是“將來”，以及和謂語動詞所表示的動作是同步發(fā)生還是有先后之分。下面是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)及其意義一覽表:動詞不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞(to do)(doing)(doing)(done)相當于名詞、形相當于形容詞、副相當于名詞，指經(jīng)常相當于形容詞、副詞，往往意義容詞、副詞，往往詞，本身兼有被動、性、習(xí)慣性的動作有現(xiàn)在意味有將來意味完成意義充當句主語、賓語、表主語、賓語、表語、表語、賓補、定語、語、賓表語、賓補、定語、狀語子成分定語狀語補、定語、狀語形主動一式般式to dodoingdoingdone被動式to be donebeing donebeing done無主動完to

11、 havehaving donehaving done無成式done被動完to havehaving beenhaving been于成式been donedonedone否定式在上述各種非謂語動詞形式之前直接加not考點一不定式和動名詞作主語規(guī)則1帶邏輯主語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，可以和主語從句之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換。His being elected our team leader made us all very excited.=That he was elected our team leader made us all very excited.他被選為我們的隊長，這使我們都很興奮。規(guī)則2不定

12、式、動名詞都可作主語，但動名詞作主語多指抽象的、概念性的動作, 可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為;不定式多表示具體的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。Smoking is forbidden in public places.（習(xí)慣性的）It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.（具體的）溫馨提示下列句型中常用動名詞作真正的主語：no use/good not anyusejgoodIt is/was+L誑也use/gooa+doing sth 做某事無益It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so

13、 I waved to him.當我意識到不能假裝沒看見他時，我只好向他打了個招呼?？键c二不定式和動名詞作賓語規(guī)則1下列動詞或詞組只能用動名詞作賓語,請牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡。consider5suggest/advisejook forward to,excuse/pardon; admit,delay/put off,fancy（想象，設(shè) 想);avoidjniss,keep/keep on,practise;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,ris

14、k; cant help(禁不住),mind,aHow/permit,escape。be used/accustomed toJead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to.pay attention to,cant stand(無去忍 受),give up,feel likejnsist on,thaiik. .fbiapologize for,be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble (in),have a good/wonderfu 1/hard time (in),spend tim

15、e (in)等短語和動詞詞組后也要用動名詞作賓語。I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我非常感激兩年前被給予了一個出國學(xué)習(xí)的機會。規(guī)則2下列動詞只能用不定式作賓語,請牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。decide/determinejearn,want,expect/hope/wish;refusejnanage,care,pretend:offenprom ise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,helpo此外

16、,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作賓語。By all appearances, my choice of careers seems to have worked out.顯然，我對職業(yè)生涯的選擇似乎是成功的。規(guī)則3下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上 有區(qū)別，要特別注意：to do sth忘記要做某事(doing sth忘記已經(jīng)做過某事(1 )forgetto do sth對即將做的事表示遺憾未做I doing sth對做過的事表示后侮已做 (2)regretto do sth盡力去做某事doing sth試著

17、做某事 (3)tryto do sth繼續(xù)做另一件事I doing sth繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on(5)rememberto do sth記著去做某事（未做） doing sth記著做了某事（已做）(5)rememberto do sth打算做某事doing sth意味著做某事 (6)meanWhat a poor memory! forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的記憶力!昨天我忘了向他借過錢，但今天我乂忘了把錢還給他。規(guī)則4固定句型There

18、 is no good/point/sense/harm+doing sth.做某事不好/沒用/沒意義/沒有害 處。(2)have difficulty/trouble/a probleni/a hard time/a good time/fun+(in)+doing (3)spend/waste time (in) doing sth(4)cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative but to do 表示“不得不(5)“Whynot+動詞原形?”表示向某人提出建議，意為“為什么不?” (6)“w

19、ould rather/had betterH(not)+動詞原形意為寧愿/最好(不)做某事 考點三不定式和分詞作狀語規(guī)則1動詞不定式可以用作目的狀語。Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.現(xiàn)在很多航空公司為節(jié)省乘客的寶貴時間允許他們在線打印登機牌。規(guī)則2形容詞或過去分詞作表語時，后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見詞有happyjucky,glad.sorry,ud,disappointed,angry5surprised,ready,

20、delighted.de venfoolish.pleased,fortunatejight 等0You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永遠不會知道昨天看到她時，我是多么高興。規(guī)則3only to do sth為不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left.我們急匆匆趕到車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已開走了。規(guī)則4如句子的主語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者，就用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing);若現(xiàn)在分詞 的動作發(fā)生在謂

21、語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式(having done);若與句中主語為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞 完成式的被動形式(having been done)或過去分詞(done)。The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from buttei-flies to elephants.國家動物園有大量野生動物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。Ordered over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.這些書是一個

22、星期以前訂購的，現(xiàn)在隨時都可能到貨。Having finished the work ahead of time, they were given a long holiday.提前完成了工作,他/她們得到了一個長的假期。規(guī)則5在“主語+系動詞+表語(形容詞)+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動形式表示被動 意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有 easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting, pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous 等。The chair looks rather hard,but in

23、 fact it is very comfortable to sit on.這把椅子看上去很硬，但實際上坐上去很舒服。考點四不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語的區(qū)別:to do/to be done作定語一般表示將來動 作;done表示已經(jīng)完成的或表被動的動作;being done表示被動的、進行的動 作;doing表示正在進行的動作或者經(jīng)常性的動作或現(xiàn)在(或當時)的狀態(tài);現(xiàn)在分 詞的完成式一般不作定語。規(guī)則1主動結(jié)構(gòu)作定語The professor to give us a lecture(=who will give us a lecture) tomorrow com

24、es from Beijing University.明天要給我們做講座的是來自北大的一位教授。The professor giving us a lecture(=who is giving us a lecture) now comes fromBeijing University.正在給我們做講座的是來自北大的一位教授。The professor who gave us a lecture yesterday comes from Beijing University.昨天給我們做講座的是來自北大的一位教授。規(guī)則2被動結(jié)構(gòu)作定語The problem to be discussed(=w

25、hich will be discussed) at the meeting is very important.會上將要討論的問題非常重要。The problem discussed (=which was discussed) at the meeting is veryimportant.會上討論過的問題非常重要。The problem being discussed(=which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important.會上正在討論的問題非常重要。溫馨提示使用to do/to be done作定語的情況。下列詞語后常接不

26、定式作定語:chance, wish, right, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way, the first, the second, the last, the only 等。Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?昨天誰是第一個登上山頂?shù)娜?？不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主動關(guān)系。Your mummys not here, so theres no one to look after you.你媽不在這里，所以沒人可以照顧你。不定式與被修飾的

27、名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of work to do, and I intend to dedicate myself to doing it.我有很多工作要做，我會全身心地投入其中。考點五不定式和分詞作賓語補足語 規(guī)則1感官動詞帶賓補的情況：結(jié)構(gòu)公式（以 see 為例）:see+賓語+doing/done/do-be seen+doing/done/to do 結(jié)構(gòu)意義:do, to do表示動作的全過程或經(jīng)常性動作;doing表示主動的、正在進 行的動作;done表示完成的、被動的動作(如果是不及物動詞則只表示完成的動 作)。此類動詞及短語有:see, notice

28、, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find 等。She was seen to enter the meeting room.有人看到她走進了會議室。:A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果廚師在廚房里被發(fā)現(xiàn)吸煙，他會被立即解雇。規(guī)貝! 2 hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand 不能跟 sb to do sth,即不能帶補語。hope sb to do sth 應(yīng)改為

29、wish/expect sb to do sthwelcome sb to do sth 應(yīng)改為 sb be welcome to do sthagree sb to do sth 應(yīng)改為 allow/permit sb to do sthsuggest sb to do sth 應(yīng)改為 advise sb to do sth/suggest sb (should) do sth demand sb to do sth 應(yīng)改為 require sb to do sth/demand sb (should) do sth規(guī)則3使役動詞make Jet,have,get后加復(fù)合賓語的情況：(1 )

30、get帶賓補的情況:“get/send+賓語+doing”意為“使.起來”，表示由靜止到運動并持續(xù)下去。get+賓語+to do sth=let/have sb do sth”表示“讓某人做某事”。“get+賓語+done=have sth done”表示“使某事被做”。(2)make/let帶賓補的情況：do讓做賓語與賓補為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系done讓被做make/let+賓語+賓語與賓補為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系(3)have帶賓補的情況：“have+sth+done”意為“讓某事被做”。“have+sb+doingsth”意為“讓某人一直做某事”?！癶ave+sb+d。sth”意為“讓某人做某事”

31、。溫馨提示have sth to be done意為“有要做的事情”(不是主語本人做);have sth to do意為“有某事要做”(主語本人做)。(4)keep/leave+賓語+doing(主動，且持續(xù)進行)/done(被動)。(5)want/order/ask/wish/like+賓語+(to be) done(賓語與補語之間為被動關(guān)系)。(6)be reported/said/believed/. .+to do/to be doing/to have done 意為“據(jù)報道/說/認為/要做/正在做/做過某事”?！緦崙?zhàn)演練】【單句語法填空】By (eat) more fast foo

32、d people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. .I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wi

33、ld. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(樹枝)to remove it. (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.

34、Having finished her project, she was invited by the school (speak) to the new students.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland.A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those (want) a good nights sleep.Everyone in this country should

35、work hard and do what they can (fight) against haze.lt was a great honour (invite) backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helped pay for research.(approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They then heard a womans voice (come) fr

36、om the wrecked (毀壞的) vehicle.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you*ll be less likely (bring) your work home. There are many common methods (use) to cook fish.16.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message(hide) within the work.17.To return to the probl

37、em of water pollution, Fd like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.18.1 had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do(work) with students.19.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder) whether to stay or leave.20.Sometimes

38、 I act as a listening ear for fellow students(talk) over what is bothering them.【單句改錯】l.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait ou

39、tside the shop.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.【語篇語法填空】I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I 1. (be) lucky enough to take part in an event called Shanxi in the eyes of fbreigiiers,Shanxi is Chinese for west of the mountains”, meaning the Taihang Mountains. For popular tourist attractions, Shanxi has Hengshan Mountain, one of Chinas five s