英語基礎班講義語法

1、10天速主講歡迎使定語從句（上一、定語從句的概定語從句hohasthe most,butis10天速主講歡迎使定語從句（上一、定語從句的概定語從句hohasthe most,butis例Ais not honeedsthe 例：Helaughsbestwholaughs短語做先行詞。Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. tthestru

2、ctureoflanguagehadsomewith the s of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how languagescouldIamastudentwhichyouall當先行詞與關系詞被割裂時是如何表現(xiàn)的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels inchestwarn,amongothertyoumight-surprise!-fall結合先行詞的結構特點和位置特征在關系詞之前尋找與定語從句的意思的有邏輯關系相符合的詞。定語從句（下二、定語從句里面的關系代詞

3、的用法t, who, whom。Whomt2. whatyoulikeAll-isapplyingofthebasic sitiesofwhatisthe2. whatyoulikeAll-isapplyingofthebasic sitiesofwhatistheneed the things need for our needst is 2)what 單獨使用，后面不加名詞。例如：Sheisnotwhatsheusedtobe. 3)what 后面加名詞例如：WhatmoneyIhavehasbeengivento 1997年考題heknowsaboutitis outof dateand

4、 in So much HowmuchSoasas, suchasas例如：Iwasaboywhichyouwhich可以用as替換As is so often ed out knowledge is a two edge weapon which can be equally ood or as 引導限制性定語從句例如：SuchastudentasworkshardwerebesuretoMore s consist of one parent households or two working parents; children are likely to have familystruc

5、tureat home was commonhe n三、關系副nn 所修飾的名詞就n指代的對WhenOr so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding companiesliablefortheircustomers2)whenWhenIgotoschool,Iwillworkcompaniesliablefortheircustomers2)whenWhenIgotoschool,IwillworkWhen 引導的定語從句前一定有表示時間的名詞；When 引導的狀語語從句前沒有有表從翻譯的角

6、度看如果是引導的定語從句可以不翻譯。如果是狀語從句就必須翻譯成當時候。When=onwhich where=inwhichwhere引導的從句先行詞必須是表示地點的名詞。例如： I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.先行詞表示地點,where 來引導。例如：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing,butitstheplace . A.where Idlike to visitB.inwhichId liketoC.Imostwantto rIwantto visitit名詞從一、名詞從句的本質引導名詞從句常

7、用的連詞。有三類：1） t;2)whether,if;3)when,where,how等連接副詞what,who,whose 等連接代詞。t 引導的名詞性從句不能做任何句子成分。what Which whose Concerns were raised witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.tI twhatIsaidwasnotexactlywhatmeantto考題：Prof.Leesbookwill showyoucanbe used in oth

8、er t youhave thowyou have C t you have Dhowwhat youhave二、名詞從句中的主語1.ttthe seasare erfishedhasbeenknownfor 3.itisItis tyouaregood whetherWhethertheeyesare二、名詞從句中的主語1.ttthe seasare erfishedhasbeenknownfor 3.itisItis tyouaregood whetherWhethertheeyesarethewindowsofthesoulis三、賓語從及物動詞后面的賓語從句。2005Doyoureme

9、mberallthoseyearswhenscientists四、表語從tsmoking wouldkill就是一句話做另一個句子的表語。就是把從句放在系動詞的后面。1997 Areport consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them.五、同位語就是用來補充說明同位語的名詞成分的句子。結構是：名詞t,whicht不能省略定語從句中t必須在從句中扮演主語或者賓語tThereis apopular tfamily ins

10、tabilitycauses 狀語從句（上l t第三語從句（上一、狀語從句的本質。就是用一個句子來作另外一個句子的狀語2005 Strangely, some people t they can smell one type of flower but not another, othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothA.B. C. D. 難點?？嫉木湫停篐ardlywhen;whenitt;when itcomesto1991 tospeakwhentheerruptedA.HardlyhadheB.Nosoonerhardlyhadhe C.Notuntilh

11、ebeginDScarcelyhadhebegin 1998 年例句：ng is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is itcomestoclassroom A.B.C D. 2.Adrivershouldslowerdownwherethereare3.原因Since從起；因為hasverydelicate hat因為的意思。例句：Thegirlislikeherhatshe t因為目的狀語從;forfearshould +5.結果狀語從t2001being talked to es weaker in aAdriversho

12、uldslowerdownwherethereare3.原因Since從起；因為hasverydelicate hat因為的意思。例句：Thegirlislikeherhatshe t因為目的狀語從;forfearshould +5.結果狀語從t2001being talked to es weaker in a t spends so much time listening sallbut lostthewillandthe skilltospeak forA.B.D.tsosucht; t;t; Sofastdoeslighttitisdifficultforustoimagineitst

13、othe extentt)tosomeextent 表示在6.條件狀語從句 用unlessif 引導難點：only if ; if onlyonlyif是“只有”的意思ifonly 是“只要”意思。2000 He cancontinue to supporthimselfand his family heaA.only B. much C .long D.evering t);providedt);ontin hisown例如：Hewillsurely finished job on timehehasleft B.inC.asfar D.solong狀語從句（下7.讓步狀語從句 though

14、;evenif; even1997 年例句：its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly nation of part timers and temporary workers.ing A.EvenB. tIfD.t2004年例句：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of committing a criminal act, _ a direct causal relationship has not yet A.B. C. D. 表示讓步轉折的介詞：in

15、 spite remained despite 例如： what he edicine A.B.C.D.However;nevertheless;1998年例句：Thisview ,is generally thoughtto beA.B.C. D.more While 當時候；然而，但重點：與 as 有關的讓步狀語從as 引導的倒裝例如：Childasheishecanrememberalotofthings. as so+adj+as+主謂結構例如：Asmuch asJohnhatest,hemuststayathomeas 引導的倒裝例如：Childasheishecanremember

16、alotofthings. as so+adj+as+主謂結構例如：Asmuch asJohnhatest,hemuststayathomeandstudy1.倍數(shù)Aisthreetimes n 2.倍數(shù)+asas 結構。AisthreetimesasbigasB. 3.倍數(shù)+A is Three times the size of B.Non 1.No n=notany nNotso much1.NotAsomuch as 2.notsomuchasB.與其說AB例如：It wasnt so t I disliked her t I just A.B. nD.并列并列句的結構要從后面往前找。

17、例如:IlikeapplesfromJapanandbananas. and 可以連接兩個并列的詞語、短語、句子成分、從句以及句子。and and 有并列。但并列在and and SheisabeautifulofShe 語語is a girl 語aman is I ，who isa manam 分詞現(xiàn)語法應用例如：She,whoishermothersdaughterisagirlofbeautywhichis enviedbylilywhoisof ugliness which we all know.分詞現(xiàn)語法應用例如：She,whoishermothersdaughterisagirl

18、ofbeautywhichis enviedbylilywhoisof ugliness which we all know.apples and bananas.apples and bananas再如：Iam 22 and Jimis 23看看but.but 也不一定就是兩個洋蔥。例如：But Iam a 從命題的角度看如果問題出在冒號的前面破折號分號分號前后獨立各自成為一個洋蔥語法應用1994第一篇文章PassageThe American economic system anized around a basically private-market- oriented economy

19、 in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and t they want Private businessmen , striving to make profits , produce these goods and with other businessmen; and the profit motive , operating under res , largely determines how t

20、hese goods and are produced. Thus, in American eoonomic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the of businessmen ize profits and the desire of individuals ize ttogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowareused to produce An important factor in a market-oriented economy is th

21、e mechanism by which demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, mechanism is provided by a ystem, a s in which rise and fall in response roducers. If the product is relative demands of consumers s offered by short supply relative to the demand , the price will b

22、e bid up and somemechanism is provided by a ystem, a s in which rise and fall in response roducers. If the product is relative demands of consumers s offered by short supply relative to the demand , the price will be bid up and some consumers will eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, p

23、roducing more of a commodity results reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by roducers, will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is regulatingheAmericaneconomicsystemThe important factor in a private-rise economy t individuals are allowed to productive (private progeny) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control natural ,and produce goodsand for sale at a he