2021天津公共英語考試真題卷

1、第 頁2021天津公共英語考試真題卷本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時(shí)間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意） 1.The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with th

2、e migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse(the language of the Viking

3、 invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (詞尾變化的) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down.The period of Middl

4、e English extends roughly form the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French(and Latin, often by way of French)upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the gramma

5、tical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either.The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to

6、 our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had be gun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spel

7、ling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numero

8、us other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word stock.what can be inferred from the passage ()AEven an educated person can not read old English without special training.BA person who knows French well can understand old English.CAn educated person can understand old English b

9、ut can not pronounce it.DA person can pronounce old English words but cant understand them.2.The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the

10、 migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse(the language of the Viking

11、invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (詞尾變化的) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down.The period of Middle

12、 English extends roughly form the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French(and Latin, often by way of French)upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammat

13、ical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either.The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to

14、our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had be gun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spell

15、ing of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerou

16、s other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word stock.What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English ()AThe influence of Latin.BA revolution in vowel distribution.CA well-developed inflectional system.DLoss of some inflections.3.The history of English is conventionally

17、, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language su

18、rvive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse(the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substan

19、tial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (詞尾變化的) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down.The period of Middle English extends roughly form the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French(and Latin, often by way of French)up

20、on the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign

21、look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either.The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had be gun in late Middle En

22、glish and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later,

23、 as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word stock.The earliest written record of English available to us s

24、tarted ().Afrom the seventh centuryBfrom the fifth centuryCfrom the twelfth centuryDfrom the ninth century4.The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period

25、begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse(the language

26、 of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (詞尾變化的) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down.The p

27、eriod of Middle English extends roughly form the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French(and Latin, often by way of French)upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place wit

28、hin the grammatical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either.The period of Modern English extends from the sixtee

29、nth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had be gun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing

30、effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had col

31、onized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word stock.What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modern English ()ANumerous additions to its vocabulary.BCompletion of a revolution in vowel distribution.CGradual changes in its grammatical system.DThe direct in

32、fluence of Latin.5.Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided wor

33、k is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful then idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do

34、 is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of an

35、ything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. Moreover th

36、e exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from toil. At time

37、s they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves bus

38、y with innumerable trifles of those earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that

39、he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle

40、 man could possibly find.The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is

41、concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire than men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can acquire. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reput

42、ation, whether in the world at large or only in ones own circle.In the authors opinion, what is the last product of civilization ()ATo make wise use of leisureBTo be free from hard workCTo keep oneself busy with triflesDTo work to some extent6.The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too

43、 neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from befor

44、e the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse(the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on t

45、he vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (詞尾變化的) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down.The period of Middle English extends roughly form the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French(and Latin, often by way of French)upon the vocabular

46、y continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as th

47、e prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either.The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had be gun in late Middle English and that e

48、ffectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came

49、 into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word stock.Which of the following is NOT mentioned ()AFrench.BLatin.CGreek.DGerman.

50、7.Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessiv

51、e in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful then idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself

52、 interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficient

53、ly pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. Moreover the exercise of cho

54、ice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from toil. At times they may find r

55、elief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with innumerabl

56、e trifles of those earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he

57、has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest in his free time than an idle man could possib

58、ly find.The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that th

59、is measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire than men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can acquire. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in

60、 the world at large or only in ones own circle.According to the passage, to be told to do something is generally ().ArespectableBacceptableCinsultingDdisgusting8.Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful quest