二十一世紀(jì)合同模板的英漢對(duì)照

1、美國資深律師經(jīng)驗(yàn)：二十一世紀(jì)寫好合同的五十招（英漢對(duì)比）FIFTY TIPS FOR WRITING THE 21ST CENTURY CONTRACT THAT STAYS OUT OF COURT二十一世紀(jì)寫好合同的五十招作者：James.Martin譯者：胡清平Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000（本文于2000年11月發(fā)表于美國佛羅里達(dá)州的律師雜志上）Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice.作者注

2、：本文僅供參考，并不旨在提供法律意見譯者注：翻譯本文并未得到原作者同意，故譯文僅供學(xué)習(xí)和研究使用.Welcome to the 21st Century. Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of computers and the Internet. And where litigation is as costly as ever. Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsui

3、t. With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high. Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.新世紀(jì)的到來，要求我們?cè)诜蓪?shí)踐中應(yīng)該多用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，只是，訴訟成本依舊那么地高，面對(duì)日益競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的違約訴訟，律師每月開出1萬美元的賬單也是常有的事。合同中的每一個(gè)字，每一個(gè)詞，每一句話，都意味著潛在的輸或贏，換句話講，押在這上面下的賭注也

4、專門大，因此，在起草合同時(shí)要把握兩條原則：小心慎重和深思熟慮。Drafting contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practicing law. Just 3 years ago at this Convention I presented 50 tips for contract writing. This article updates those tips in the context of our new tools and abilities. Following these tips could result

5、in your writing a contract so clear no one will want to litigate it, saving your client from the trials and tribulations of litigation, truly a good reason to write the contract that stays out of court.然而，起草合同的確又是法律實(shí)踐中一件有意思的事兒。大約三年前，也是在如此一個(gè)會(huì)議上，我提出了合同起草的50招。本文在那些招數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合一些新的工具和技能，推出了下面那個(gè)新版本,但愿它們能關(guān)心你

6、起草無可挑剔的合同，讓你的客戶免受訴訟的困擾。These tips apply to writing all kinds of agreements: office leases, real estate contracts, sales agreements, employment contracts, equipment leases, prenuptial agreements. They even apply to stipulations and settlements in litigation, where you want an agreement so clear that

7、it avoids future litigation. Wherever clarity and simplicity are important, these tips will guide you there. The Appendix provides a few sample forms to illustrate these tips.這些招數(shù)適用于各種合同，比如，辦公租賃合同、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)合同、買賣合同、勞動(dòng)合同、設(shè)備租賃合同、婚前協(xié)議。同樣，假如你不想讓你在訴訟中所起草的和解條款與協(xié)議再起爭(zhēng)議的話，也能夠參考一下這些招數(shù)。另外，通過了解這些招數(shù)，你就會(huì)明白，起草合同，清晰、簡(jiǎn)明是多么

8、地重要。本文的附錄提供了一些簡(jiǎn)單的法律文書范本這將有助于你理解這些招數(shù)。Before You Write the First Word第一部分：在動(dòng)筆之前1. Ask your client to list the deal points. This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration. Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement.1.要求你的客戶列出合同交易的要點(diǎn)，也能夠講是合同的清單、目錄或概述。這一招首先關(guān)心你的客戶弄清合同的重點(diǎn)所

9、在。2. Engage your client in what if scenarios. A good contract will anticipate many possible factual situations and express the parties understanding in case those facts arise. Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.2.讓你的客戶提供一些假設(shè)可能發(fā)生的情況。好的合同不僅能夠預(yù)見到許

10、多可能發(fā)生的情況，而且還能清晰地描述動(dòng)身生這些情況后合同雙方的立場(chǎng)。和客戶聊這些情況將有助于你發(fā)覺一些你可能沒有考慮到的問題。3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.3.請(qǐng)求你的客戶提供類似的合同。通常情況下，客戶都保留著過去的交易記錄或者是類似合同。4. Search your office computer

11、or the Internet for a similar form. Many times you can find a similar form on your computer. It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer. Just remember to find and replace the old clients name. Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the error

12、s of typing. Here are some Web sites where you can find forms:/library.html/wyman/flo.html/4.在辦公室的電腦中或是在因特網(wǎng)上搜索類似的合同范本。通常你會(huì)在你的電腦上找到你想要的東西，這些類似的合同范本要么是你給其他客戶預(yù)備的，要么是你和其他的律師共同協(xié)商起草的。使用這些舊合同能夠?yàn)槟愎?jié)約時(shí)刻和幸免打印錯(cuò)誤，只是，用這些合同范本時(shí)不忘了替換掉老客戶的名字。下面是些有關(guān)合同范本的網(wǎng)址，供參考：/library.html/wyman/flo.html5. Obtain forms in books or CD

13、-ROM. Typical forms of contracts can be found in form books, such as Wests Legal Forms (a nationwide set) and Florida Jur Forms, as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications. These can be used as the starting point for drafting the contract or as checklists of typical provisions and word

14、ing to include in the contract. Many treatises and form books now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.5.從書中或者是光盤上獵取合同范本。典型的合同范本在一些范例書中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文書（全國版）佛羅里達(dá)州文書期刊，另外，在有些論文和佛羅里達(dá)州律師協(xié)會(huì)的法律接著教育出版物中也能夠找到一些。起草合同時(shí)，你能夠把這些范本當(dāng)做原始資料，利用其中某些典型的條款和措詞。更為方便的是，許多論文和書中的合同范本都有電子文本儲(chǔ)存在磁盤或光盤中。6. Dont let your client sign a

15、 letter of intent without this wording. Sometimes clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is prepared. A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times. Just be sure that the letter of intent clearly states that it is not a contract, but that it is mere

16、ly an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes. See Appendix C.6.假如沒有特不申明，不要讓你的客戶在意向書上簽字。有時(shí)候，在合同未預(yù)備好之前，客戶為了表示誠意，往往急于簽署某些東西，因此，在這種情況下，假如客戶急于簽署的是有特不申明的意向書，這也是能夠的，但一定要注明：本意向書并非合同，只是雙方為了更好地溝通協(xié)商，而擬定的對(duì)以后條款的概述。類似意向書的范例見附錄C。Writing that First Word第二部分：開始起草合同7. Start with a simple, generic contract

17、form. The form in Appendix A is such a form. It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract. Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.7.從簡(jiǎn)單、典型的合同入手。附錄A確實(shí)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單、典型的合同，它提供了一個(gè)合同的差不多支架。像房子一樣，一個(gè)合同必須有一個(gè)牢固的根基。8. State the correct legal names of the parties in the fir

18、st paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State

19、 where incorporated.8.在合同的第一段要寫清晰雙方的名稱。，這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而又不得不引起重視的問題。假如是個(gè)人，要寫清姓和名,中間有大寫字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,M.D,等等；假如是公司，為幸免弄錯(cuò)，寫名稱時(shí)能夠到公司注冊(cè)地的相應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu)去核對(duì)一下。9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin w

20、ould be nicknamed Martin.9.確定合同雙方的不稱（簡(jiǎn)稱）。為便于閱讀，一般要在合同的第一段為雙方弄一個(gè)不稱，如：將詹姆士.馬丁簡(jiǎn)寫為馬丁。10. Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames. Do not use Contractor as a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor. Do not use Agent unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then y

21、ou better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.10.使用法定術(shù)語作為雙方當(dāng)事人的不稱時(shí)，要小心。除非一方當(dāng)事人在法定上確實(shí)是承包人，否則不要將承包人作為其不稱。同樣，除非你想讓一方當(dāng)事人成為法定上的代理人，否則不要稱其為代理人，假如堅(jiān)持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他能夠幸免今后爭(zhēng)吵的方案。11. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the

22、 first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate.11.在合同的第一段要為書寫簽約時(shí)刻留下空格。把簽約時(shí)刻放在第一段，當(dāng)合同簽署后，你就能夠?qū)ｉT容易地找到它，而且，如此做還能夠給你在其他相關(guān)文件中準(zhǔn)確地描述那個(gè)合同提

23、供關(guān)心，范例如：不動(dòng)產(chǎn)買賣合同，訂立于2000年12月20日12. Include to provide background. Recitals are the whereas clauses that precede the body of a contract. They provide a simple way to bring the contracts reader (party, judge or jury) up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a

24、 contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct. This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.12.書寫引述語。引述語是指那些放在合同主體前面的鑒于條款。書寫此類條款的目的是為了

25、讓讀者（通常指合同雙方，法官，陪審團(tuán)）專門快地了解到合同的要緊內(nèi)容是什么，合同雙方是誰，以及他們什么緣故簽訂合同，等等。因此，合同主體的第一段也能夠加上引述語并陳述其是真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確的，假如如此做了，合同雙方今后就可不能爭(zhēng)吵：引述語作為合同的一部分是否具有法律效力？13. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion. It is not nec

26、essary to write them all at once; you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contracts initial paragraph headings like this:Recitals.Employment.Duties.Term.Compensation.13.按邏輯順序列出合同段落的標(biāo)題詞.合

27、同的段落是按一定的邏輯順序組織起來的，因此，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的標(biāo)題詞，想到多少就寫多少，只是，這些標(biāo)題詞要力求總結(jié)出每個(gè)段落或相關(guān)段落的內(nèi)容。比如：撰寫勞動(dòng)合同時(shí)列出的標(biāo)題詞就像下面這些：引述語聘用職責(zé)期限賠償14. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph. This is simple. You learned this in elementary school. Just explain in words what the parties agree t

28、o do or not do paragraph by paragraph.14.在撰寫每一段時(shí)要注意內(nèi)容集中，不要東拉西扯，是的，這專門簡(jiǎn)單，你可能上小學(xué)時(shí)就學(xué)過，但我依舊要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分不講明合同雙方同意做什么，不同意做什么。15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you writ

29、e; they are easily forgotten. Also keep your clients outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.15.放一個(gè)便箋簿在手邊，以便記下需要添加的條款。在書寫合同的同時(shí)，你可能隨時(shí)會(huì)想到一些需要添加條款、措詞和問題，要盡快記在便箋簿上，因?yàn)樗麄兲菀淄?。另外，你最好將客戶列出的要點(diǎn)和一些類似的合同范本也放在眼前，以便在書寫過程中隨時(shí)查對(duì)。16. Repeat yourself only when repet

30、ition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once; it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a di

31、fficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.16.除非是為了更清晰地講明問題，否則不要在合同中重復(fù)陳述某個(gè)內(nèi)容。將一個(gè)事實(shí)來回地講專門容易讓人模棱兩可。假如你將一個(gè)概念重復(fù)地解釋，那理解起來就更有困難。另外，假如你想通過一個(gè)例子來闡明一個(gè)難以理解的概念或規(guī)則時(shí)，一定要考慮到其所有的含義、那個(gè)例子的準(zhǔn)確性以及它和概念的相符性。What t

32、o Watch Out for When Writing第三部分：撰寫時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)17. Title it Contract. Do not leave this one to chance. If your client wants a contract, call it a contract. A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled Proposal was not a contract even though signed by both parties. The lesso

33、n learned is, Say what you mean. If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word Contract in the title.17.標(biāo)題上注明合同兩字。不要為碰運(yùn)氣而忽略那個(gè)。假如你的客戶需要合同，就要注明是合同。一個(gè)仍在聯(lián)邦法院里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標(biāo)有建議書的文件并非合同。這給我們的教訓(xùn)確實(shí)是，你如何想，就應(yīng)該如何講。假如你想讓你的文件成為具有法律效力的合同，就要在標(biāo)題中注明合同字樣。18. Write in short sentences.

34、Short sentences are easier to understand than long ones.18.寫短句子，因?yàn)槎叹渥颖乳L(zhǎng)句子讓人更容易理解。19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer. Example

35、 of passive: The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller.19.用主動(dòng)語態(tài)而不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。相對(duì)而言，主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子更簡(jiǎn)短，措詞更精練，表達(dá)更明白。依舊讓我們來來看一個(gè)例子吧，主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子：賣方將把此物賣給買方;被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子：此物將被賣方賣給買方。20. Dont use the word biweekly. It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to bimonthly. Instead, write every other

36、 week or twice a week.20.不要用“雙周”之類的詞，因?yàn)檫@有可能產(chǎn)生歧義是兩周依舊每隔一周？類似的詞還有雙月,因此最好如此寫:兩周或每隔一周。21. Dont say things like active termites and organisms. Avoid ambiguity by writing either active termites and active organisms or organisms and active termites. When adding a modifier like active before a compound of n

37、ouns like termites and organisms, be sure to clarify whether you intend the modifier to apply to both nouns or just the first one. If you intend it to apply to both, use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun. If you intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one nou

38、n at the end of the list and the modifier directly in front of it.21.不要講活動(dòng)著的白蟻和有機(jī)體之類的話，為了幸免模棱兩可，最好如此寫：“活動(dòng)著的白蟻和活動(dòng)著的有機(jī)體”或是“白蟻和活動(dòng)著的有機(jī)體”。當(dāng)一組名詞（如白蟻和有機(jī)體）前有一個(gè)修飾語（如活動(dòng)著的）時(shí)，你一定要弄清晰那個(gè)修飾語是修飾兩個(gè)名詞依舊僅僅修飾第一個(gè)名詞。假如是修飾兩個(gè)詞，能夠用排比的手法分不在這兩個(gè)詞之前加上修飾語，假如你只想修飾一個(gè)名詞，那么你就應(yīng)該把那個(gè)詞放在這組詞的最后，然后在它的前面加上修飾語。22. Dont say Lessor and Lessee

39、. These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use Landlord and Tenant instead. The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B. This is where you can use your creativity to come up w

40、ith a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.22.不要講“出租人”和“承租人”。這對(duì)一個(gè)租賃合同來講是些不行的不稱，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀妆活嵉够蛘叱霈F(xiàn)打印錯(cuò)誤。能夠用“房東”和“房客”來代替他們。同樣，在合同中也不要講留置權(quán)人和留置人，抵押權(quán)人和抵押人，保證人和被保證人，許可人和被許可人，當(dāng)事人A和當(dāng)事人B到底如何講，這就要看你駕馭語言的能力了，只是，要把握的一條原則，即在整個(gè)合同中，對(duì)合同一方只能用一個(gè)不稱。23. Watch out when usi

41、ng herein. Does wherever used herein mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? Clarify this ambiguity if it matters.23.使用術(shù)語“本文（herein，也可譯為”“在那個(gè)地點(diǎn)”）時(shí)要當(dāng)心。為了幸免模糊不清，使用“本文”時(shí)最好特不申明一下“本文”是指整個(gè)合同，依舊指其所在的某一段落。24. Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten (10). This will reduce the chance

42、 for errors.24.寫數(shù)目時(shí)要文字和阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字并用，如：拾（10）。這將減少一些不經(jīng)意的錯(cuò)誤。25. When you write including consider adding but not limited to. Unless you intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example.25.假如你想用包括那個(gè)詞，就要考慮在其后加上但不限于的分句。除非你能夠列出所有被包括的項(xiàng)，否則最好用但不限于的分句，來講明你只是想舉個(gè)例子。

43、26. Dont rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules. Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous.

44、 Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and commas, then read it. Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.26.不要依靠于語法規(guī)則。那些你在學(xué)校里得到的語法規(guī)則并不是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的東西，因?yàn)橛袡?quán)力來解釋此合同的法官或陪審團(tuán)成員學(xué)的語法規(guī)則可能和你學(xué)的不一樣，但不管學(xué)的是什么規(guī)則，撰寫合同都要遵循一個(gè)差不多原則：簡(jiǎn)潔、明確。檢測(cè)你

45、寫的東西是否達(dá)到那個(gè)要求有個(gè)好方法，那確實(shí)是去掉所有的句號(hào)和逗號(hào)，然后去讀它。在沒有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的情況下，選擇正確的詞語放在正確的位置上，這將使你寫出來的東西更簡(jiǎn)明，更流暢。27. Dont be creative with words. Contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning. Contract writing is clear, direct and precise. The

46、refore, use common words and common meanings. Write for the common man and the common woman.27.不要制造詞語。合同文書不是制造性的作品，也就不能因?yàn)橐馑嫉募?xì)微差不而引起考慮或爭(zhēng)論。合同文書應(yīng)該是清晰、直接而準(zhǔn)確的。因此，要使用一般的詞語,表達(dá)一般的意思，為一般人撰寫合同。28. Be consistent in using words. If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as goods use that term throu

47、ghout the contract; do not alternately call them goods and items. Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition. Dont worry about putting the reader to sleep; worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.28.用詞一致。在一份銷售合同中

48、，假如你想用“物資”來指整個(gè)合同的標(biāo)的物，就不要時(shí)而稱它們?yōu)椤拔镔Y”，時(shí)而又改稱它們?yōu)椤爱a(chǎn)品”。保持用詞一致性比幸免重復(fù)更加重要。不要擔(dān)心這會(huì)讓讀者打瞌睡；你應(yīng)該提防的是對(duì)方律師會(huì)因?yàn)槟：磺宓暮贤鴮⒛愀嫔戏ㄍァ?9. Be consistent in grammar and punctuation. The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them. Be aware of such thi

49、ngs as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place commas after years and states, and similar variations in style.29.在文法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)上保持一致。你可能學(xué)過許多不同類的文法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)規(guī)則，但在使用它們時(shí)最好保持一致。要特不注意句末的引號(hào)、時(shí)刻和地點(diǎn)之后的逗號(hào)以及文風(fēng)的相似性。30. Consider including choice of law, venue selection, and attorneys fee clauses. If your contra

50、ct gets litigated, you might as well give your client some ammunition for the fight. Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and C.30.能夠在合同中加入準(zhǔn)據(jù)法、審判地、律師費(fèi)等條款。有了這些條款，一旦合同引起訴訟，你就差不多為了你的客戶打這場(chǎng)訴訟戰(zhàn)預(yù)備了一些“彈藥”。類似的條款見附錄A和B。Write for the Judge and Jury第四部分：要為法官和陪審團(tuán)考慮31. Assume the reader is a knowledge

51、able layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.31.要假設(shè)合同的讀者是一個(gè)受過教育的外行,假如你書寫的合同簡(jiǎn)明得連一個(gè)外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上,你也不用可怕。32. Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes. Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to ha

52、ve a special meaning. The following are two sample clauses for defining terms:Wherever used in this contract, the word Goods shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this contract.Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten (10) frying pans, hereinafter called the

53、 Goods.32.強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)合同術(shù)語能夠如此做：加上雙引號(hào)并將其開頭的字母大寫。將一個(gè)詞語的開頭字母大寫表明你想讓它有一個(gè)特不的意思。下面有兩個(gè)定義術(shù)語的例子：一.本合同中使用的“物資”(Goods)是指買方差不多同意向賣方購買的物資;二.本合同中買方同意向賣方購買的拾（10）只平底鍋，即下文中的“物資”(Goods)。33. Define words when first used. Instead of writing a section of definitions at the beginning or end of a contract, consider defining term

54、s and concepts as they first appear in the contract. This will make it easier for the reader to follow.33.第一次使用某個(gè)術(shù)語時(shí)就要下定義。定義合同術(shù)語不是在合同的開頭，也不是在合同的結(jié)尾，而是在那個(gè)術(shù)語第一次出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，如此做，有利于讀者更好地理解合同。34. Explain technical terms and concepts. Remember that the parties might understand technical jargon, but the judge and

55、 jury who interpret and apply the contract do not. Therefore, explain the contracts terms and concepts within the contract itself. Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.34.勤于解釋合同中的術(shù)語和概念。要記住合同雙方的當(dāng)事人可能會(huì)理解合同中某些專用術(shù)語，但法官和陪審團(tuán)卻可能一無所知。因此撰寫合同時(shí)要讓合同自己為自己釋義。Keep Your Client Informed Whi

56、le You Write第五部分：書寫時(shí)要常和你的客戶溝通35. All contracts should come with a cover letter. This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.35.所有的合同都應(yīng)該有一封講明書用來告訴你的客戶如何使用和簽署合同。36. Tell your client the ideas that come as you write. Many ideas will occur to you as you write: thin

57、gs that could go wrong with the deal, things that might happen in the future, things that happened in the past, ways to structure things better. Write these in your letter to the client.36.告訴客戶你在撰寫過程中的一些方法。比如：哪些情況可能會(huì)隨著交易變得專門遭，哪些事可能會(huì)在今后發(fā)生，哪些情況差不多發(fā)生了，哪些能夠讓情況朝好的方向進(jìn)展的方法你最好在給客戶的講明書中都將這些都寫上。37. Inform you

58、r client of the risks. Writing a letter to the client as you write the contract is the perfect way to inform the client of the risks and rewards of entering into the contract. Frequently, problems do not become apparent until time is spent trying to word a contract.37.告訴客戶合同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所在。在撰寫合同時(shí)，你最好向客戶講訂立合同需

59、要承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和能夠得到的利益。通常情況下，只要你花時(shí)刻來起草合同，你就會(huì)發(fā)覺真正的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪里。What To Do After the First Draft Is Written第六部分：完成初稿后做什么38. Check spelling, paragraph numbering, and cross references both manually and with your word processors spelling and grammar checker. This almost goes without saying today, especially since Micro

60、soft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type. (Unfortunately it also changes per stirpes to per stupid if you fail to watch it closely.) And now there are even computer programs that check contract documents for undefined terms. DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offi