2014年考研英語二全文翻譯答案超詳解析

1、 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to th

2、ose who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fac

3、t that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obes

4、ity, _8_,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .F

5、or example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with th

6、eir faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body bu

7、ild has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama laun

8、ched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】 題干中，一系列的研究已經_，事實上，正常體重的人的患病風險要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實際上是研究的結論，因此concluded 符合題意，其他選項denied(否認)與意義相反，doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠

9、，ensured(確保)不符合題意，因為研究不能確保后面的事 實，只能得出后面的事實作為結論。所以正確答案為B。2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome、【答案】A protective【解析】 題干中，對于某些健康情況，超重事實上是有_。根據(jù)前文研究的結論，超重能減少罹患疾病的風險，說明超重具有一定的保護作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻煩，不符合題意，所以正確答案為A。3. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore

10、、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句話中，較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。_，在老年人中，一定程度上超重。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞 語。A選項instead表示逆接的句意關系，B選項however也表示逆接，D選項therefore表示因此，只有C選項likewise意為同樣 地;也，而且。因此正確答案為C。4. A indicator B objective C origin D example、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句話中，_，一定程度上超重，經常是健康的_。A選項，表示指示器，指標。B選項objective表示客觀;C選 項origin表示來源，D

11、選項example表示例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內容，已經明確指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指標。因此正確答案為A。5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern、【答案】D concern【解析】本句話的句意是，需要更加_是，很難對肥胖加以定義。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相關性);C、 assistance(輔助);D、concern(關注)。前文已經說到肥胖事實上有利健康，但是又面臨一個問題，到底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關 注的是對肥的定義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為D。6. A in terms of B

12、 in case of C in favor of D in of、【答案】A in terms of【解析】題干中,肥胖經常_體質指數(shù)，或稱為BMI來定義。A、in terms of ，根據(jù)，就而言。B、In case of 表示在某種情況下， C、in favor of 表示贊成，以來取代，D、in respect of，關于。因此正確答案為A。在醫(yī)學研究和臨床測試中經常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標，希望考生能夠記住這一背景知識，方便日后做題。7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies、【答案】C equals【解析】本題題干中B

13、MI_體重除以身高的平方，這里是用文字敘述了BMI指數(shù)得出的方法，也就是一個數(shù)學公式，所以equal符合題 意。A measure(測量)、B determine表示確定;D modify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part、【答案】C in turn【解析】本題題干中，肥胖_能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A、in essence(事實上、實際上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級，所以

14、正確答案為C。9. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward、【答案】D straightforward【解析】題干中，相比之下，這樣的數(shù)字標準看起來_，實際上不是的。A、complicated (復雜);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可變的);D、straightforward(直截了當);這里的數(shù)字標準指 的就是肥胖指數(shù)，肥胖指數(shù)分為三類，而且算法比較簡單，所以A復雜不正確，B選項保守，用于描述一種數(shù)學公式，不恰當，一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般 是確定的，因此可變的也不符合題意，D選

15、項straightforward表示直截了當，符合題意，因此正確答案為D。?10. A so B unlike C since D unless【答案】B while【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，實際上身材正好，_其他人有較低的BMI指數(shù)，可能_。從前半句我們可以看出，有些人 的BMI指數(shù)很高，應該屬于體重肥胖的人，事實上身材正好，這里說明的是反常的現(xiàn)象，后半句是其他人的BMI指數(shù)較低，而_較差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(因為);D、unless(除非)四個選項中只有while有轉折的含義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確 答案為B。11. A shape

16、 B spirit C balance D taste、【答案】A shape【解析】本題可以簡化為：Some are fit, while others may be in poor .不難看出，前后意義相反，且fit(體型健康)與in poor 對應，與之最相關是A shape(外形)，故為正確答案。精神、均衡、品味都相差比較遠，可以排除。12. A start B quality C retire D stay12、【答案】B qualify【解析】本題順應前文意義：有一些人體型很好，有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來舉例說有些專業(yè)足球運動員 是肥胖的，開始不符;處在也不符合句意;退休內容無關;

17、被認為符合句意，正確。13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant、【答案】C normal【解析】本句不難理解：有些人脂肪過高，但是BMI卻 。所需詞匯明顯是正向的，排除A、B;D屬中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，為正確答案。14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency、【答案】D tendency【解析】本題解題關鍵是后半句：to stigmatize obesity(抵毀肥胖)，作為劃線部分的后置定語，將四個選項選擇理由機會傾向代入劃線處，最符合句意的是D(傾向)。后面一句也進 一步證實

18、了(出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored、【答案】b pictured【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體，根據(jù)語境，上句講到當今我們都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思應該是媒體污蔑肥胖，四個選項中，跟媒體相關系的詞匯只有b picture 意思為刻畫，描寫，描述。16. A B combined C settled D associated、【答案】D associated【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖_的原型包括懶惰，缺乏意志力，對成功的期望值不高?？崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸瑁狈σ庵玖蛯Τ晒Φ钠谕?值不高都

19、是與肥胖相關的表現(xiàn)，分析四個選項，A. 與。相比;B 與。相結合;C. 和。和解;都不符合題意，只有D與。相聯(lián)系，相關符合句意。17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only、【答案】A even【解析】空格所在句的意思是_小孩子蔑視超重，而且對身材的嘲笑一直是學校的一個問題。本空格缺少一個副詞，根據(jù)語境記憶常識，此處應該填入表示讓步關系的詞匯，分析四個選項，只有A even 即使符合題意。18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded、【答案】D grounded【解析】根據(jù)語境，空前講到對肥胖的負面態(tài)度，空后講到對健康的關注，

20、激發(fā)一批反肥胖的_。本句沒有出現(xiàn)任何轉折詞，說明空前后所表達的意思是一致的，反對肥胖，是基于對健康的關注，分析四個選項，能夠表達此意思的詞匯，只有選項D grounded,意思是基于。19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies、【答案】D policies【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子?？蘸蟮木渥映霈F(xiàn)了一系列表示同一個語義場的詞匯，比如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一個系統(tǒng)中所出臺的政策的問題，瀏覽四個選項，D選項policies 符合題意

21、，直接入選。20. A for B against C with D without、【答案】B against【解析】本段的主題是反對肥胖，本句話屬于細節(jié)的句子，用來支持這個主題，空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經發(fā)起了一個高知名度的_兒童 肥胖，甚至告訴奧茲博士，它代表了我們國家最大的安全威脅?？崭裰腥鄙僭~匯應該含有反對，反抗的意思，縱觀四個選項，只有B against 符合題意。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below e

22、ach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in h

23、istory. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. F

24、antasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like

25、 interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most hap

26、piness bang for your buck. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying

27、 gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich i

28、nto an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others ca

29、n be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come

30、away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?AA big houseBA special tourCA stylish carDA rich meal、【答案】B A special tour【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的it is far better to spend money on experienceslike interesting trips

31、，意思是花錢消費在經歷方面更好，比如說有趣的旅行，由此可以得知答案是B選項一場特別的旅行。22. The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDambiguous、【答案】A critical【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it，意思是普通美國人一年花兩個月的時間看電視

32、，并且看電視幾乎不可能更愉快，因此可以得知作者對于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項批判的。23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show thatAconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure【解析】觀點例證題。答案定位在第三段，文章

33、中提到Mc Rib這個例子，用這個例子證明的論點是luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly，大意是有節(jié)制地消費奢侈品最令人愉悅，D選項正是這句論點句的同義替換。24. According to the last paragraph,Happy MoneyAhas left much room for readerscriticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseChas predicted a wider income gap in the usDmay give it

34、s readers a sense of achievement【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent，大意是大多數(shù)人看完這本書后，認為物有所值，因此可以推知B選項是正確答案。25. This text mainly discusses how toAbalance feeling good and spending moneyBspend large s

35、ums of money won in lotteriesCobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentDbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuries【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money【解析】主旨題?？v觀全文可知，全文主要談論花錢消費和心情愉悅之間的關系，因此答案定位在A選項。Text 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says tha

36、t, actually, you think youre more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us

37、 rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to

38、boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh

39、of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a f

40、alsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were

41、 real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of

42、 personal delusion”, says Epley. “Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you wont be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they dont even reco

43、gnise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoples profiles are dishonest,sayscatalinatoma of WisconMadison univers

44、ity ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that _.A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective、

45、【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high【解析】題目問 根據(jù)第一段，社會心理學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?對應于文章第一 段第三句社會心理學家對所謂的高于均數(shù)效應或者虛幻的優(yōu)越感進行大量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認為自己的領導力在平均水平之上這些數(shù) 據(jù)明顯都是不可能的。由此可知，我們對自己評價過高。故答案為A our self-ratings are unrealistically high。27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples_A rapid watchingB conscious choi

46、ceC intuitive responseD automaticself-defence【答案】C intuitive response【解析】題目問視覺識別被認為是人們的什么?對應于文章第三段第三句視覺識別是自動的心理過程，這個過程依靠直覺快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的。由此可知，視覺識別被認為是人們的直覺反應。故答案為C intuitive response。28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to_A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attr

47、activenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions【答案】B believe in their attractiveness【解析】題目問Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣。對應到第四段，第二句講到沒有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提升最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自 己的不安全，接著講到：事實上，那些認為自己的形象高于吸引力標準的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為B believe in their attractiveness。29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is cl

48、osest in meaning to_.AinstinctivelyBoccasionallyCparticularlyDaggressively【答案】A instinctively【解析】題目問最接近viscerally的意思的是?。對應到第五段，viscerally所在句講到許多人討厭照片中的自己，從某種 層面上說，他們甚至不承認照片中的人是他們自己。而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。由此可 知，viscerally在本句中是本質上地意思，故答案為A instinctively。30. It can be inferred that Fa

49、cebook is self-enhancers paradise because people can _.Apresent their dishonest profilesBdefine their traditional life stylesCshare their intellectual pursuitsDwithhold their unflattering sides【答案】Dwithhold their unflattering sides【解析】題干問我們可以推理出臉書(facebook)之所以是一個自我拔高者的天堂，是因為人們可以做什么?對應于文章最后一段的第二 句，該句

50、講到在臉書(facebook)中，人們可以分享最滿意的照片。下文接著講到不是人們不誠實，而是人們展示了自己最理想的形象。故答案為 Dwithhold their unflattering sides。Text 3Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologi

51、ze, even when a devastating (毀滅性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those

52、responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that en

53、hance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appe

54、ars, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from em

55、otional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitor

56、ing drugs.At Tulane Universitys Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.PeterKastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(藥物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome an

57、d the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dt.LiasyFaris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny am

58、ounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.31. It is known from the first paragraph that _.A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC) crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleD) one who sheds tears in public wil

59、l be blamed32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.C) The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D) Linking illness with

60、crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “_”.A) having no effect at allB) leading to tensionC) producing disastrous impactD) harmful to health34. What does the author say about crying?A) It is a pointless physiological respo