動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化形式及讀音

1、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化形式及讀音動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化有三種形式。(1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s,-s在清輔音后讀/s/，在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/ds讀/dz/,ts讀/ts/。如：helphelps/helps/,knowknows/nuz/,getgets/gets/,readreads/riHdz/以字母s,x,ch,sh或有些以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es,-es讀/iz/。如：guessguesses/siz/,fixfixes/fiksiz/,teachteaches/tiQtiz/,washwashes/wO肯iz/注意：gogoes/uz/,dodoes/dz/以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞

2、，先變y為i,再加-es,-ies讀/iz/。如：carrycarries/kriz/,flyflies/flaiz/注：在playplays/pleiz/,saysays/sez/中，字母y前為元音字母，第三人稱單數(shù)形式直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-s。(4)特殊詞例外。如：beis,havehas以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開(kāi)音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是s,z時(shí)，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音，與所加“s”,一起讀做iz。女如closeclosesiz規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化如下：一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed,如：workworkedpiayplayedwant-wantedact-acted以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)

3、詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d,如：live-livedmove-moveddecide-decideddecline-declinedhope-hopedjudgejudgedraise-raisedwipe-wiped以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcopy-copiedjustify-justifiedcry-criedcarry-carriedembody-embodiedempty-emptied以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed,女口：stop-stoppedbeg-beggedfret-fret

4、teddrag-draggeddropdroppedplan-planneddot-dotteddrip-dripped注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。gowentmakemadegetgotbuyboughtcome-camefly-flew動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化AB型can-couldAAA型shall-shouldwill-wouldmay-mightcostcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletmustmustmustputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutreadreadreadAA

5、B型beatbeatbeatenABA型runranrunbecomebecamebecomecomecamecomeABB型bringbroughtbroughtthinkthoughtthoughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbuildbuiltbuiltlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentdigdugdughanghunghungfeelfeltfeltkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptleaveleftleftsmellsme

6、ltsmeltspillspiltspiltlaylaidlaidpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldsitsatsatspitspatspatstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoiltshineshoneshonewinwonwonhavehadhadmakemademadehearheardheardfindfoundfoundholdheldheldABC型beginbeganbegundr

7、inkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumblowblewblownflyflewflowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrowndrawdrewdrawnshowshowedshownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewokewokendrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallengiv

8、egavegivenhidehidhiddenrideroderiddenriseroserisentaketooktakenmistakemistookmistakenwritewrotewrittenam,iswasbeenarewerebeendodiddonegowentgonelielaylainseesawseenwearworeworn易錯(cuò)型showshowedshowndrawdrewdrawnfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltholdheldheldhelphelpedhelpedthinkthoughtthoughtthankthankedthankedt

9、aketooktakentalktalkedtalkedgetgotgotforgetforgotforgottenmeetmetmetmeanmeantmeanthithithithidehidhiddenringrangrungbringbroughtbroughteatateeatenbeatbeatbeatenlielaylainlaylaidlaidfindfoundfoundfoundfoundedfoundedbuyboughtboughtbringbroughtbroughtlearnlearntlearnthearheardheard名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化一般情況加-s清輔音后，

10、讀/s/;map-maps濁輔音和元音后，讀/z/;car-carsbag-bags以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞力口-es讀/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches以ce,se,ze,ge等結(jié)尾的詞力口-s讀/iz/license-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加es,讀/z/baby-babies名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。女口：anEnglishman,twoE

11、nglishmen.但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。2）單復(fù)同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japaneseli，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin但除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。女口：people，police，cattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō)apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以說(shuō)aperson,apoliceman

12、，aheadofcattle，theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用。如：TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，女口：a）maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。b）news是不可數(shù)名詞。c）theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。d）以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstory-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。5）表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，女口：glasses（眼鏡），trousers，clothes若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair（對(duì)，雙）；suit（套）；apairofglasses；twopairsoftrousers6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，女口：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成方