初中英語句子成分及練習(xí)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 英語中句子成分 一 ,英語句子的成分及簡潔句的五種基本句式 ； 英語句子與漢語句子一樣, 都是由單詞依據(jù)確定的規(guī)章所組成的； 不同的詞 類在句中所起的作用是不同的； 因此,只有搞清不同詞類在句中可充當(dāng)哪些成分, 才能正確分析, 懂得句子的含義, 并能精確地遣詞造句, 逐步流利地說出地道的 英語； 【問】什么是句子成分？英語句子包含哪些成分？ 【答】組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分；它包括：主語,謂語,賓語,定語, 狀語,表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等； 【問】各成分在句中的作用如何？分別由哪些詞及短語充當(dāng)？ 1. 主語： 是句子要說明的人或事物,是句子的主體,一般由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞, 不

2、定式或動名詞等充當(dāng)；如： The car isrunning fast. / The girlcansingmanyEnglishsongs名 . 詞 We are students. / This is my pen . Yoursison the des 代 k.詞 One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two andthreeis five數(shù). 詞 The blindneedmorehelp.名 詞化的形容詞 It s badmanners to spit inpubl 不 ic.定 式 Eating too muchisbad for you

3、rhealth.動 名詞 【留意】 如不定式短語作主語常用 it 作形式主語, 而把真正的主語 不定式短 語放在句后； 2. 謂語： 說明主語的動作或狀態(tài),也是句子的主體部分,一般由動詞充當(dāng)；動 詞分為實(shí)義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞；實(shí)義動詞單獨(dú)作謂語,連系動 詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語,情態(tài)動詞與省略 動詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分；如： to 的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語,助動詞與 由單一動詞作謂語： We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情態(tài)動詞加主要動詞： We can play the piano. / You must

4、see the doctor. 助動詞加主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語： She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this 第 1 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 man before. 【留意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照管； 3. 表語： 用于說明主語的身份,特點(diǎn)或感受,一般由名詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞,分 詞等充當(dāng)；常用的連系動詞有： be,look,get,sound聽起來 ,feel,become, smell, turn, taste嘗起來 等；如： They are workers.名詞 Two and three is five.數(shù)詞 The

5、 story is very interesting.形容詞 M y job 工作is teaching English.動名詞 Sheis at home.介 詞短語 I feel terrible. 形容詞 The dish tastes delicious.形 容詞 He is here 副詞 It s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hillhasturnedgree形n 容 詞 4. 賓語： 是及物動詞所涉及的對象,是動作的對象或承擔(dān)者；一般由名詞,代 詞,不定式及動名詞等充當(dāng)；如： Heisdoinghishomework. / I

6、 sawaplanein the sky just now.名 詞 They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.代詞 I want three./ Pleasepassme the first.數(shù) 詞 Shewants to gohome.不 定式 We enjoy playing football.動名詞 【留意】 有的動詞可接雙賓語, 間接賓語指人, 直接賓語指物； 這類動詞常見的有： give,buy,lend, pass, tell,leave 等；如： He bought me a book. Pass me t

7、he ba,llwillyou？間賓直賓 直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后,但如把直接賓語放在前面,就要在間接賓 第 2 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如 to 或 for 等；如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.直賓間賓 Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom. 直賓間賓 【結(jié)構(gòu)】 動詞 +間接賓語（人） +直接賓語（物） He lent me a book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for ten years. 動詞 +

8、直接賓語（物） +（to, for）+間接賓語（人） He gave his son some advice. = He gave some advice to his son. Father bought me a computer. = Father bought a computer for me. 有的動詞常用不定式作賓語,而不能用動名詞；這類動詞有： want,wish, hope,promise, decide,agree, choose, care 等；如： I hope to see you again. 有的動詞一般只用動名詞作賓語, 而不用不定式；這類動詞有：enjoy,f

9、inish , mind,practice, miss, sugges,t keepon等；如： Do you mind my opening the window？ 有的動詞后接不定式與動名詞含義不同； aforget to do表示 “未發(fā)生的動作 ”, forget doing表示 “已完成的動作 ”；如： Dont forget to comehereearliertomorrow.仍 沒來 I forgot returning the book to him.書已仍給他了 bstop to do不定式為狀語 表示 “停下原先的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示 “停止做某事

10、 ”；如： I stopped to talk with him. 我停下來與他談話； The students stopped talkingwhen the teachercamein老.師進(jìn)來時同學(xué)們停止談話； 【留意】英語中帶有賓語的謂語動詞叫及物動詞, 不帶賓語的叫不及物動詞； 第 3 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 及物動詞后必需跟上賓語意義才完整,不及物動詞本身意義已完整,后面不 跟賓語； You may use my pen. / Do you like fish. 及物 Dickswims very well. / The sunrisesin the east. 不 及物

11、 不及物動詞可加介詞再加賓語 We are listening to the music. They are talking to each other. 既可以作及物動詞又可以作不及物動詞的詞： We are growing tomatoes. / Tomatoes grow well in our garden. They left Shanghai yesterday. / They left yesterday. My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English. We are studying. / We study En

12、glish. We began our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine. 5. 定語： 用于修飾名詞或代詞,一般由形容詞,名詞,數(shù)詞,不定式等充當(dāng)； 如： What abeautiful kite it is！/ They haveacleverson.形 容詞 Sheisa chemistry teacher. / It isacolorfilm.名 詞 Thereare two students in the classroom 數(shù) . 詞 This songis better than that one.代 詞 Doyouknow

13、the youngmanoverthere.副 詞 We havesomething to dotomorrow.不 定式 The man in blue is my brother.介詞短語 【留意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前,但如修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作 定語,就放在后面； 6. 狀語： 用于修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或全句,一般由副詞,介詞短語,不定 式短語或從句充當(dāng)； 單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前, 短語或從句放在句 首或句末；如： 第 4 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 Thank you very much.副詞表示程度 The old man is walking slow

14、ly. 副詞表示方式 Heusually gets up at six.副 詞表示時間 We all work here. 副詞表示地點(diǎn) I get up at five in the morning.介詞短語表示時間 Heisstudyinghardsoas to catch upwithothers不 . 定式短語 We werehaving breakfast when the telephonerang從. 句 【留意】 enough 作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后；如： He is old enough to go to school. 7. 賓語補(bǔ)足語： 用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作,一般位

15、于賓語之后,賓語與賓語補(bǔ) 足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語；需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有： tell,let, help,teach, ask, see,have,order,make 等； “賓補(bǔ) ”一般由不定式短語,分詞,名詞,形容詞等充當(dāng)；如： We elected him monitor. / 名詞 I found it difficult to learn English well. / The sun keeps us warm./ We find the story very interesting. 形容詞 I found her in the room.介詞短語 Please let him i

16、n. / I saw him out with Xiao Li. 副詞 The doctor toldme to domoreexercise.不 定式短語 Heisgoing to havehishair cut.過 去分詞 They saw a bird flying in the sky.現(xiàn)在分詞 二, 句子結(jié)構(gòu) 簡潔句的五個基本句型： 1,主語 不及物動詞 She came/ My head aches. 2,主語 及物動詞 賓語 She likes English. 3,主語 系動詞 表語 She is happy 第 5 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 4,主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓

17、語 直接賓語 ShegaveJohnabook Sheboughtabook for me. 5,主語 賓補(bǔ)動詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語 Shemakesher mother angrThe teacher asked me to read the passage There +be There lies a book on the desk. 句子成分練習(xí)題 一 一 指出以下句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The

18、useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 二 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usua

19、lly go to school by bus. A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast. A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast 第 6 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 Tom didnt do his homework yesterd

20、ay. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to. A. give B. did C. whom D. book 三 挑出以下

21、句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. T

22、hey made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school 第 7 頁,共 9 頁學(xué)習(xí)必備 歡迎下載 They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 四 挑出以下句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim. The leave

23、s have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. 五 挑出以下句中的定語 They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name. On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe. 六 挑出以下句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. 第 8 頁,共 9