高三英語一輪語法復(fù)習(xí)之倒裝講義

1、倒裝主語在前，謂語在后，這是英語句子的正常語序，是最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)，有時候，為了強(qiáng)調(diào) 或句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，把謂語的一局部或全部放在主語之前，主語和謂語倒置，這就是倒裝結(jié) 構(gòu)。把謂語一局部（如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）放在主語前，稱為局部倒裝；把謂語局部全部放 在主語前，稱為全部倒裝。一、全部倒裝.在表示動作的簡短句子里，為了表達(dá)生動，有時把副詞放在句首，同時把謂語動詞（常 為實義動詞）放在主語之前。常用這類副詞有：in, out, up, down, away, off, over等.In came the teacher and the class began.老師進(jìn)來了，開始上課。Out rushed

2、the students the moment the bell rang. 鈴一響，學(xué)生們就沖 了 出去。注意：主語如果為代詞時，就局部倒裝。Out he rushed.他沖 了 出去。.用于 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)或 there, her, now, then, thus, such, next 引導(dǎo)的句子。There are some trees in front of the house.房子前面有幾棵樹。There goes the bell and class is over.鈴響了，下課了。There seemed to be an accident when he got th

3、ere.他到那時看起來有一場事故。Now comes your turn to be on duty today.現(xiàn)在該輪到你值日 了。Then came the students.接著來的是學(xué)生。Thus ended his life.他就這樣結(jié)束了生命。Such was Albert Einstein a simple man of great achievements.這就是愛因斯坦，一個簡單而又取得具大成績的人。Next came Tom.下一個來的是湯姆。注意：主語為代詞時，以there或here開頭的句子不可用倒裝。Here you are.給你。Here he comes.他來了

4、。.介詞短語位于句首引起的全部倒裝。Among us was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach. 我們中間有一個胃部受傷的士兵。In front of the house sat a small boy.房前坐著一個小孩。Inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是皇帝、皇后的停尸房和通往這些停尸房的通道。.現(xiàn)在分詞+系動詞+主語引起的全部Walking around the corner

5、 was a large policeman with his two police dogs.一個身材魁武的警察帶著兩只警犬在角落里走著。這兩句話的正常順序為：A large policeman with his two police dogs was walking around the corner.過去分詞+系動詞+主語引起的全部倒裝。我們用洋油的日子過去了。Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.這兩句的正常順序為：The days when we used foreign oil are gone.形容詞+系動詞+主語的全部倒裝。Pre

6、sent at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith. And many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授和其它客人。這句話的正常順序為：Professor White and professor Smith and other guests were present at the meeting.地點狀語位于句首引起的倒裝。South of the city lies big steel factory.用于so, neither, or開頭的句子，表示后者情況也適合前者情況。I am a worker

7、. So is he.我是工人。他也是。I can speak English. So can he.我會說英語他也會。She got up late this morning. So did I.她今天早晨起來得晚。我也是。Tom works hard. So does Bob.湯姆工作努力。鮑勃也努力。He has been to Beijing. So have L 他去過北京。我也去過。二、局部倒裝我以前從未見過他。 我想幾乎不可能。 我?guī)缀醪恢肋@件事。他幾乎不會英語. never （決不），hardly （幾乎不），scarcely （幾乎不）,barely （反之）,little

8、 （不）,often （經(jīng) 常），at no time （絕不）,not once （不只一次），in no case （決不），nowhere （沒有地方），not until （直到-才）,under no circumstances （決不）,by no means （決不）等表示否東或半否 定意義的副詞或詞組開頭的句子中。Never have I met him.Hardly did I think it possible.Scarcely did I know it.Little does he know English.So loudly did he speak that we

9、all could hear him. 他說的那么大聲，我們?nèi)苈犚?。So hot is it today that we all stay in doors.今天很熱所以我們都呆在屋里。By no means is London so pretty as Paris. 倫敦決不像巴黎那樣漂亮。.用于 no sooner-than （-就-）,hardly-when （一-就一）,scarcely-when （一一就-）,not only-but-also （不但-而且-）No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他一到那就病了。Hardl

10、y had he finished his work when someone knocked at the door.他剛干完5舌就有人敲門。Scarcely had I got to the cinema when the film began. 我一到電影院，電影就開演 了。Not only is he himself interested in English but (also) he is in interested in French.他不但對英語感興趣，并且對法語也感興趣。.用于以副詞only開頭的句子，0nly后加狀語或狀語從句后接be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+ 主語。Only

11、 recently have I had time to read the book.直到最近我才有時間讀這本書。.用于形容詞(名詞、動詞、副詞)+as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. 他雖然只是個孩子，但卻很懂人情世故。Hot as it is, he is still outside in the sun.雖然天氣熱，他還是在外邊在陽光下。Hard as he worked, he didnt pass the exam, 盡管他學(xué)習(xí)努力，他考試沒及格。Try as he might, he

12、can5t finish it on time.盡管他多么盡力，都不能按時完成。.用于省略if的虛擬條件句中were/should/had+主語+其他Were she my friend, I would ask her for help.如果她是我的朋友，我就會請她幫助。Had he taken my advice, he might have succeeded.他要是聽我的建議就會成功。Should he come tomorrow, I would tell you. 如果他明天來，我就告訴你。.用于表示祝愿的句子中。Long live the Peoples Republic of

13、China! 中華人民共和國萬歲！翻譯練習(xí)：.貓?zhí)松先ププ×死鲜蟆?蝙蝠飛了下去。.獵人們匆忙地走了。.瓶子翻過來了。.他們來了。.他進(jìn)來了。.車來了，快點。.墻上有一副馬克思的肖像。.碰巧在廟里有我一個朋友。.我的眼鏡呢？這呢。.它在那邊。.山腳下有一條河。.山頂有一座古廟。.河岸旁停放著一堆堆的草垛。.工廠的后面是稻田地。.他們來到一家農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前坐著一個小孩。. 一個靦腆長著兩只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后面。.湯姆坐在桌旁。.從峽谷里傳來了可怕的聲音。.他解放以前是個工人，他弟弟也是。.我不會說法語。他也不會。.我昨天沒上學(xué)。他也沒上。.他沒吃午飯。我也沒吃。.有些學(xué)生經(jīng)常不吃早飯，一些

14、老師也不吃。.他不老實，Tom也不老實。.我以前不是醫(yī)生，他也不是。.他好不容易保住了性命。.老湯姆常來。.我很少看見這么大的蘋果。.他一個錯誤沒犯。.我們決不放棄希望。.在任何情況下他決不做違背他意志的事。.他不只一次說這件事。.我不知道這事，也不關(guān)心這事。.至到昨天我才知道這件事。.他不但認(rèn)識到了錯誤并且想改正。.他一走進(jìn)教室，鈴就響了。.老師剛剛走出就有一個學(xué)生來找他。.孩子剛一睡著，媽媽就離開房間了。.直到那時我才知道這事情。. 一個人只有離開家時才意識到家庭的溫暖。.盡管這些貴族傲，他們卻怕見我。.雖然他是英雄，他還是有些缺點。.盡管努力了，他還是打不開門。.如果我有時間，我就去。.

15、如果明天下雨，我們將推遲去楊浦大橋。.如果不是免費的票，我絕不會經(jīng)常去看電影。.如果他聽從了老師的建議，他就不會犯如此多的錯誤。.祝你幸福！答案：Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. 貓?zhí)?了 上去抓住 了 老鼠。Down flew the bat.蝙蝠飛了 下去。Away hurried the hunters.獵人們匆忙地走了。Over turns the bottle.瓶子翻過來 了。Away they went. 他們來了。In he came. 他進(jìn)來 了。Here comes the bus, lets hurry. 車來了，快點。Ther

16、e is a portrait of Karl Marx on the wall.墻上有一副馬克思的肖像。There happened to be a friend of mine in the temple.碰巧在廟里有我一個朋友。一Where are my glasses? Here they are.我的眼鏡呢？這呢。There it is.它在那邊。At the foot the mountain runs a river. 山腳下有條河。At the top of the mountain stood an old temple. 山頂有一座古廟。Along the river ba

17、rks stood stacks of hay.河岸旁停放著一堆堆的草垛。At the back of the factory are rice field.工廠的后面是稻田地。They arrived at a farmhouse, in from of which sat a small boy. 他們來到一家農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前 坐著一個小孩。Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes. 一個靦腆長著兩只大眼睛 的女孩坐在屋子的后面。Seated at the table was Tom.湯姆坐在桌旁。From

18、 the valley came a frightening sound. 從峽谷里傳來了可怕的聲音。He was a worker before liberation. So was his brother.他解放以前是個工人，他弟弟也是。I can9t speak French. Nor (Neither) can he.我不會說法語。他也不會。I didnt go to school yesterday. Nor (Neither) did he.我昨天沒上學(xué)。他也沒上。He hasn had his lunch. Neither (Nor) have I. 他沒吃午飯。我也沒吃。Som

19、e students dont usually have breakfast, Neither (Nor) do some teachers.有些學(xué)生經(jīng)常 不吃早飯，一些老師也不吃。He isnt honest, neither (Nor) is Tom. 他不老實，Tom 也不老實。I wasnt a doctor, neither (Nor) was he. 我以前不是醫(yī)生，他也不是。Scarcely did he escaped with his life. 他好不容易保住了 性命。Often does old Tom come. 老湯姆常來。Seldom have I seen suc

20、h a big apple.我很少看見這么大的蘋果。Not a single mistake did he make. 他一個錯誤沒犯。Under no circumstances should we give up hope. 我們決不放棄希望。At no time does he do something again his will.在任何情況下他決不做違背他意志的 事。Not once did he say that.他不只一次說這件事。I don5t know, nor do I care.我不知道這事，也不關(guān)心這事。Not until yesterday did I know it

21、.至到昨天我才知道這件事。Not only did he realize his mistake but (also) he wanted to correct it. 他不但認(rèn)識至U 了 錯誤 并且想改正。Hardly had we entered the classroom the bell rang. 他一走進(jìn)教室，鈴就響 了。No sooner had the teacher gone out than a student came to visit him. 老師剛岡U走出就有 個學(xué)生來找他。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子剛