小升初英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)第9講：介詞講解(學(xué)生版)

1、第九講：介詞一、【考點(diǎn)解讀】介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作成分。介 詞后而一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ) 構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、 方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一，特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng)，可以用來(lái)表示 各種不同的意思。二、【知識(shí)講解】Mi s. Smiths kitclieiiMrs. Smiths kitchen is small.There is a refrigerator in the kitchen.The

2、refrigerator is white.It is on the right.There is an electric cooker in the kitchen.The cooker is blue.It is on the left.There is a table in the middle of the room.There is a bottle on the table.The bottle is empty.There is a cup on the table, too.The cup is clean.知識(shí)點(diǎn)1時(shí)間介詞at, on, in的用法at(1)表示具體時(shí)刻，如：

3、at tliree oclock 在三點(diǎn)鐘at half past eight 在八點(diǎn)半(2)固定搭配：at noonat nightat dawnat the momentat firstat the beginningat lastat sunriseat sunsetat the same timeat dinner-timeat the end ofat duskat presentat the age ofat Christmason(1)表示具體某一天(包括節(jié)假日)，如：on March 8叫 2016 在 2016 年 3 月 8 日on Children s Day 在兒童節(jié)(

4、at the Spring Festival)on Sunday在星期天(2)表示具體某一天的早、中、晚，如：on Saturday morning 在周六早上on a rainy evening在一個(gè)下雨的傍晚on a hot afternoon在一個(gè)炎熱的下午in(1)表示月份，季節(jié)，年，年代，世紀(jì)，如：in 2016 在 2016 年in his twenties 在他 20in July在七月in summer在夏天in the 1990s 在 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代 in the 21sl century 在 21 世紀(jì)多歲(2)后面跟一段時(shí)間，表示“之后”，指將來(lái)的時(shí)間，如：in

5、a week 一周之后in a few months幾個(gè)月之后Ill be back in a few minules.我?guī)追昼姾蠡貋?lái)。(3)固定搭配in the morningin Englishin a minutein a hurryin timein the end注意：this, that, last, next, every, one, yesterday, today, tomorrow, tonight, all, most 等詞之前一般不加介詞。如:this morning今天早晨last week 上周next month下個(gè)月one morning 一天早晨tomorro

6、w morning 明天早晨（on） that day在那天（that day更常用些）next year 明年every day 每天yesterday afternoon 昨天下午all day/moming/night整天/整個(gè)早晨/整晚知識(shí)點(diǎn)2地點(diǎn)、方位介詞at, in, on, above, below的用法l.at表示在某個(gè)具體地點(diǎn)，即“小地方”(比城市小)，如:at homeat schoolat the bus stationat the comerat the top ofat the school gateat the crossroadsat the foot ofat

7、the airport2.in 在之中，表示在某范圍之內(nèi)，或某個(gè)地方（城市，國(guó)家等大地方），如:There are many books in my schoolbag.My grandparents are in Beijing now.in the libraryin Chinain the sky固定搭配：in the carin the hospitalin the worldin the middle ofin Shanghaiin the east注意：在某個(gè)地理范圍內(nèi)的“東、南、西、北方,也用in.如:Shanghai is in the east of China.3.on在之

8、上”，表示某物體上面并與之接觸，如:My book is on the table.固定搭配：on the deskon the wallon the roadon the right/lefton ones way toon the playgroundon a bus/trainon the shelfon both sides of the river注意：地理上與某個(gè)地方接壤的“東、南、西、北”方,用on,如：Shanghai is on the south of Jiangsu.補(bǔ)充：地理上與某個(gè)地方不接壤的“東、南、西、北”方，用M如:Japan is to the east of

9、 China.above意為“高出”，”超過(guò).”，指在上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over）, 與below相對(duì)，如：The plane is flying above the clouds.below意為“在之下,低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under）,如:The fish were swimming below the surface of the water.Io圖示總結(jié)onOt Q“相鄰” “包#三.表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向和位置的介詞：across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過(guò)across指橫穿，穿過(guò).表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過(guò).through指穿過(guò)，透過(guò)，表示從某一

10、 物體空間內(nèi)通過(guò).。ver表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)或越過(guò)，不與表面接觸.by/past表示從某人/某物的 旁邊經(jīng)過(guò).Can you swim the river ? / The elephant is so big that it cant go the gate .I dont tliiiik anyone can jump the fence. / I walked the bank of China yesterday .between, among between 指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間：There is a bank between the post office and the

11、 police station.among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間eg:Thc teacher is standing among the students. in, into, out ofin：在里面，用于表示靜止的位置。Her mother works in the o：進(jìn)入，用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，經(jīng)常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用如,come, go. run. rush 等。The child ran into his mothers arms,這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里outof：從里出來(lái)，與into一樣，也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。如：AH the chi

12、ldren rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.四.表示方式的介詞 with / in / by表示“用”（注意格式的對(duì)齊）l.with表示“用” 一般指有形的工具/手段/人體器官.He cut the apple into halves a knife .注：with 表伴隨帶有.含有”He came in a big smile on his face .na）表示用某種語(yǔ)言，方式，途徑.或書(shū)寫/繪畫(huà)所用的材料.Can you say it English ? / He wrote a letter blue ink .b）以方式

13、in this way 用這種方法behave in a polite wayc）也可表交通方式travel in a card）“穿著 in red穿紅色的衣服.by a）表示乘坐交通工具.travel by busb）以方式、方法或手段 I study for a test working with a group . ona）通過(guò) study on the air/radio 通過(guò)廣播學(xué)習(xí)b）乘坐 on a bus/ on a bike注意：1 ）.by phone = on the phone 2）.by car = in a car 3）.in pen = with a pen =

14、with pens五.范圍介詞In 在里邊 in our class between 在兩者之間between usamong 在三者或三者以上的中間among studentsbesides除了 之外還有（包括后面的賓語(yǔ)）TomJim besides Lily.except除了之外(不包括后面的賓語(yǔ))Tom.Jim except Lily.including 包括 All the students including me.六.介詞詞組辨析L on the tree /in the tree。n the tree表示“樹(shù)上本身長(zhǎng)的東西”在樹(shù)上.in the tree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹(shù) 中

15、”人或物在樹(shù)上.There are some apples the tree ./ Tliere is a boy the tree. in the wall /on the wallin the wall表示“門窗在墻上”on the wall表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”a picture the wall the window the wall.except / besides / except for.except除了之外,都 不包括在范圍之內(nèi)，排除同類的,We all went swimming exceptLucy.J注：nothing but 除了 之外，什么也沒(méi)有.There i

16、s nothing but a letter in the box .besides 除了 之外，還有.包括在范圍之內(nèi). We study Japanese and French besides Englishexcept for句中的主語(yǔ)與except for后的賓語(yǔ)不同類：Smith is a good man. except for his bad temper.史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個(gè)好人with / without.with 具有，帶有反義詞：without 沒(méi)有 詞組:with the help of = with ones help反 義詞： without ones help

17、.without的用法:A).without + sb./sth.沒(méi)有某人或某物.without + doing sth . He left here without(say ) “Goodbye to us. without sth 常與 if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句. If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live.be made +介詞的區(qū)別：be made of由制成(看得見(jiàn)原材料);be made from由制成(看不見(jiàn)原材料)be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn)： be made by sb.由某人制造 be made int

18、o+成品 制成某種產(chǎn)品since / for(常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).l).since : a).since + 表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)(since+yesterday/two years ago/last week)b) since+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子2)for: for +段時(shí)間=since +過(guò)去的時(shí)間7.其他固定搭配be full of 充滿; be filled with 裝滿be used to習(xí)慣于;對(duì)感到激動(dòng)。介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配：arrive in/at到達(dá)大/小地方;catch up with 趕上，追上;decide on 決定；get on with與某人相處：go to the

19、cinema 去看電影;hear from收到來(lái)信；8、常用的詞組at night在夜里 at work上班 at school 上學(xué) be afraid of 害怕 be full of 充滿 be good at 擅長(zhǎng) by the way順便提一下 be kind to 對(duì)好be late for 遲到get ready for為做準(zhǔn)備go over復(fù)習(xí) hand in上交 help oneself to 隨便吃：be bom in 出生于： be sure of 確信：be late for 遲到：be strict with sb 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格；be excited aboutag

20、ree with同意，贊同： ask for要求，請(qǐng)求 come from 來(lái)自；do well in 在做得好：fall behind 落后； get to 到達(dá)：go to school 去上學(xué)go on with sth.繼續(xù)做某事： go to bcd（sleep）去睡覺(jué)；have nothing with 與無(wú)關(guān)；hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō);helpwilh在（某方而）幫助；hand in交上來(lái)。in the end 最后in the street 在街上in trouble有麻煩knock at 敲（門）laugh at 嘲笑listen to 聽(tīng)look after 照料look at

21、 看of course 當(dāng)然on ones way to在去某地的路上on the left/right 在左/右邊on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)take part in 參加talk about 談?wù)搕ake care of 照料wait for 等待hundreds of 成百的 in a hurry匆匆忙忙地 in a minute 一會(huì)兒后9.不用介詞的情況：1當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為：tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時(shí)，不用介詞.What are you going to dotonight ?2,含有 this, that, these, those, last,

22、next, every, each 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).He went to Wuhan last week .以all開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前而不用介詞.He has worked all day .以some .any. one等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞.He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man a cold morning .三、【典例探究】例題1:()1. Betty Arrived Paris the evening of June 1.A. at; in B. on; on C. in; inD. in; on()2. My mot

23、her is usually busy housework at nome.A. doB.withC. inD. for()3. It was so foolish him to askher such a question.A. ofB.forC. toD. with()4. The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand moving to the rich land in the southof China.A. fromB. withC. at D. on四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1I. Fill in the blanks with

24、 proper prepositionsThe plane arrived at London airport Wednesday.What do you usually do Christmas?The first class begins 8 oclock the morning.We will be in Nanjing Tuesday.A. A toB. in; toC. at. toD. on, toA. afterB. inC. onD. beforeMr. Black will visit our new school building two days.the end of l

25、ast spring Wanghai joined the army the end.We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon.The plane is flying the mountains.The Dead Sea is the sea level.Taiwan is the southeast of China.Children get gifts New Year s Day and their birthdays.The sports meeting was held a sunny day.There is a w

26、indow the wall.There is a map and a clock wall our class room.Tom goes to school his father s car every day.IL Choose the best answer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福￤e traveled overnight and arrived home the morning.A. on; inB. at; inC. in; inD. at; onLook the map of China the wall, please.A at; in B. for; atC. at; onD.

27、 on; inThe car is starting five minutes.A. atB. onC. inD. ofWe returned to our hometown.A. in last weekB. in the last weekC. last weekD. for a weekChildren wake up very early the morning of Christmas Day.A. inB. onC. forD. atWhy did you get up so early this morning?A. onB. /C. atD. inHe arrived Shan

28、ghai 9: 30 March 5.A. at; in; atB. to; on; atC. in; on; atD. in; at; onMiss Wang is coming to Beijing two days.The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won the end.A. byB. atC. inD. on10.New Years Eve、people usually dont go to bed until midnight.A. inB. atC. onD. for【鞏固】【練習(xí)1I.填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕?/p>

29、詞My pencil-case is Li Lei s desk.There is a bridge the river.The plane is flying the clouds.Please do not write this line.The fish swim the bridge.We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon.He only watches basketball game TV.England is the south of Ireland and the east of Europe.the after

30、noon of this Sunday, my uncle is arriving Shanghai.10.1 am going to meet him the station this evening.IL Choose the best answer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福㏒outh Korea lies the east of Asia,the south of North Korea.A. in; onB. on; inC. in; toD. on; onJiangsu is the cast of China, but Japan is the east of China.A. to;

31、 inB. in; toC. on; toD. to; onThe United States is the south of Canada and the east of Japan.A. to; inB. on; toC. in; besideD. at; onThere was a big smile our teachefs face.A offB. nearC. onD. betweenThey will have a math test two days.A. forB. atC. inD. afterWe had our breakfast a quarter seven.A.

32、withB. forC. inD. ofDont shout the old woman. You should be more polite her.A. to; atB. at; toC. in; forD. from; forHas the teacher given you any advice your English study?A. fromB. withC. onD. inA little monkey is playing a tree and there are a lot of bananas it.A. on; onB. in; onC. on; inD. in; in

33、Who are the boys green sports shirts?A. withB. inC. atD. from【拔高】【練習(xí)1.A large group of students are waiting the bus stop for the school bus.A. forB. at C. to D. on. Tom, you are the person Im looking! Come to help me deal with the case.A. atB. forC. afterD. up.People on Chongming Island can go to Sh

34、anghai underground soon.AinB byC atD on.Australia is famous its Pink Lake, but now people can t enjoy the scenery any longer.A.forB.withC.ofD.from.The lift in our building suddenly broke down and we got trapped floors.A.inB.onC. betweenD.among.The local government is planning to dig the mountain to

35、make a tunnel （隧道）.A.acrossB. throughC.aboveD.throughout.The film Wolf Warriors 11 turned to be a big success in 2017.A. outB. overC. onD. down.1t was absolutely impossible to build a fire that cold winter night.A. onB. inC. ofD. by.France is famous its great wine, tourist attractions and fashion sh

36、ows.A. asB. forC. toD. with.A：rm tliirsty.rd like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Dad?B:I prefer a cup of coffee nothing in it.A.withB. withoutC.forD.to.Tiie tour guide happened to meet a huge fierce monster Mystery Island.A.inB.onC.atD.by1 was angry myself for making such a stupid mistake.A.

37、 ofB. atC. withD. for.Leaders from 20 countries and organization attended the Hangzhou G20SummitSeptember,2016.A. on B.inC.atD. for.Nichols set early this morning for his farmhouse in California.A. with B off C aboutD up.Please connect the speakers the CD player so that we can hear the songs clearly

38、.A. byB. ofC. atD. to.Let s have a rest the time being, then we will continue to discuss the planA. onB. inC. atD. for.US president Donald Tnimp started his visit to China November 8. 2017.A. withB. inC. onD. of18.Our headmaster always encourages the school cooks to serve healthy meals junkfood.A.un

39、derB.of C.withD. withoutInstead telling him the answer, the teacher helped himto read the text again.A. ofB. forC.atD. toLily spent years caring her sick uncle.A. ofB.atC. forD. withA group of teachers went to Guangzhou for an important activity Dec. 20由.A.inB. onC.toD.atSome young parents are unawa

40、re the danger of giving their babies smartphones.A. byB. forC. withD. of23.There were 22 medical service areas the route in 2017 Shanghai Marathon.A. alongB. withC. throughD. across24.Suers still very angry me for forgetting her birthdayA)forB)toC. withD) by25. The worlds smallest lizard has been di

41、scovered a small Caribbean island.A)on B)inC)for D)atremember that my cousin Peter came to see us a very cold night last time.A) inB) onC) atD) withIts common knowledge that leaves change from green to brown autumn.A) atB) onC) byD) in.With an average temperature of 20 degrees, spring is its way to

42、Shanghai.A) onB) inC)ofD) by. The story sounds quite familiar me, and I got a little bored.A) offB) forC) toD) with.To my surprise, the answer turned to be quite right at last.A) intoB) downC) outD) in. The 24th Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing February. 2022.A) inB) onC) atD) byapologized to

43、 the teacher not finishing the exercises in time.A) forB) atC) asD) ofHow much time do you spend your study every day?A) inB) onC) atD) with.The manager was angry Morris because he sent e-mails to the wrong customeragain.A. atB. toC. withD. from.Zhujiajiao, an old town with a history of hundreds of

44、years, lies the west ofShanghai.A. onB. inC. toD. among.The traveler asked some water when he passed Graimy Lis house. We all know Mothers Day is celebrated the second Sunday of May.A) inB) toC) onD) at. The law prevents businessmen buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. agains

45、t D. from.Last weekend I met a foreigner in the street and showed him the way English.A) withB)onC) inD) by.A right fashionable scarf, necklace, belt etc. can add variety simple clothes.A) forB) byC) withD) to.Jerry lost his way in the field,the ground was covered with thick snow.A. orB. forC. butD. so五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】一、填入正確的介詞。There is a map of the world the wall.The station is my home. It takes only a few minutes to get there.The sun ris