6路由更新優(yōu)化

1、路由更新優(yōu)化1目標(biāo)通過不同的方法選擇和配置路由信息的更新不同路由進(jìn)程間在非冗余路徑網(wǎng)絡(luò)中路由信息的重分發(fā)不同路由進(jìn)程間在冗余路徑網(wǎng)絡(luò)中路由信息的重分發(fā)在使用路由重分發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中解決路徑選擇問題路由重分發(fā)的監(jiān)測(cè)完成本章的學(xué)習(xí)后，您可以完成下面的任務(wù)：2控制路由信息更新流量How can we preventrouting update traffic from crossing some of these links?172.16.7.1172.16.7.2172.16.6.1172.16.6.2172.16.5.2172.16.5.1172.16.4.1172.16.4.2172.16.1.117

2、2.16.1.2172.16.3.1172.16.3.2172.16.2.2172.16.2.1172.16.9.1172.16.10.1172.16.11.1TransR200CenR300R100Rem172.16.12.164Kb64KbT-1T-1Frame Relay3Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-name使用和配置被動(dòng)端口防止該端口產(chǎn)生并發(fā)送路由協(xié)議更新信息另外可選的方法有：在該端口不配路由協(xié)議使用訪問列表過濾路由協(xié)議使用路由重分發(fā)4使用和配置缺省路由172.68.0.0/2410.1.0.0/24p2r2p1r

3、310.64.0.1/2410.64.0.2/24p1r3#show ip routeGateway of last resort is 10.64.0.2 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masksR 10.2.3.0/24 120/1 via 10.64.0.2, 00:00:05, Ethernet0C 10.64.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R172.68.0.0/16 120/1 via 10.64.0.2, 00:00:16, Ser

4、ial0R* 0.0.0.0/0 120/1 via 10.64.0.2, 00:00:05, Ethernet0p2r2:router ripnetwork 10.0.0.0network 172.68.0.0!ip classlessip default-network 10.0.0.05router rip passive-interface Serial1 network 10.0.0.0!ip route 172.68.0.0 255.255.0.0 Serial1p1r2#sh ip routGateway of last resort is not set 10.0.0.0 25

5、5.255.255.0 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0S 172.68.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1172.68.0.010.1.0.0p2r2p1r2使用和配置靜態(tài)路由6Router(config)#ip route network mask address distance 使用和配置靜態(tài)路由（續(xù)）用下一跳地址定義路徑如果有下一跳地址需要重分發(fā)到動(dòng)態(tài)路由中Router(co

6、nfig)#ip route network mask interface distance 用本地端口定義路徑如果沒有下一跳地址自動(dòng)重分發(fā)到動(dòng)態(tài)路由中7使用和配置路由過濾YesNo正常途徑處理該數(shù)據(jù)包檢查端口相關(guān)配置按照過濾配置處理該端口使用了過濾嗎？EndEnd有相關(guān)地址項(xiàng)嗎？No路由更新Yes8Router(config-router)#distribute-list access-list-number | name out interface-name l routing-process | autonomous-system number 配置路由過濾向外更新過濾Router(co

7、nfig-router)#distribute-list access-list-number | name in type number 向內(nèi)更新過濾使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的訪問列表允許或拒絕路由在傳輸或接收路由更新中使用訪問列表9使用端口過濾屏蔽網(wǎng)絡(luò)10.0.0.0IP 路由過濾配置案例S0192.168.5.0172.16.0.010.0.0.0router eigrp 1network 172.16.0.0network 192.168.5.0distribute-list 7 out s0!access-list 7 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255AB10IP靜態(tài)路由過

8、濾配置案例DEDEip route 131.108.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.31.7.18ip route 201.222.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.31.7.10!router eigrp 1network 192.31.7.0default-metric 10000 100 255 1 1500redistribute staticdistribute-list 3 out static!access-list 3 permit 131.108.0.0 0.0.255.255passive-interface s0192.31.7.10S0192.31.7

9、.18BABC131.108.0.0201.222.5.011使用多種路由協(xié)議12何時(shí)使用多種路由協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換的過渡期面向應(yīng)用的協(xié)議一種協(xié)議不能適應(yīng)所有應(yīng)用行政的分界線不能和其他組一起工作設(shè)備不匹配不同廠商的互操作性與主機(jī)相匹配的路由器13從其它路由協(xié)議中學(xué)到路由信息IP Routing TableI192.168.5.0I172.16.1.0I172.16.2.0I172.16.3.0IP Routing TableD EX172.16.0.0D192.168.5.8D192.168.5.16D192.168.5.24S1 advertises routes from EIGRP.S0 adve

10、rtises routes from IGRP.AS 200IGRP172.16.0.0S0S1AS 300EIGRP192.168.5.0什么是重分發(fā)(Redistribution)？ASBR14執(zhí)行時(shí)需考慮的問題172.16RIP172.16EIGRPRIP172.16.0.0AS 300EIGRPASBRASBR172.16RIP172.16EIGRP路由反饋次佳路徑的選擇路由循環(huán)不兼容的路由信息不協(xié)調(diào)的收斂時(shí)間15定義路徑距離不同的路由協(xié)議使用不同的度量不同的度量無法用算法規(guī)則來比較因此需要一個(gè)選擇過程1最信任那一個(gè)路由協(xié)議2然后決定那個(gè)度量為最佳16相信何種協(xié)議？Connected

11、Interface 0Static Route1Enhanced IGRP Summary Route5External BGP20Internal Enhanced IGRP90IGRP100OSPF110IS-IS 115RIP 120EGP140External Enhanced IGRP170Internal BGP200Unknown255Route SourceDefault Distance17定義度量開始或最初的路由度量源于直接相連的路由器端口但是重分發(fā)的路由并不是直接物理連結(jié)的因此, 缺省度量（default-metric） 命令建立了起始的路由度量一旦建立了一個(gè)合適的度量，

12、此度量就能和其它路由的度量一樣疊加將缺省度量設(shè)置成大于本身內(nèi)部度量的最大值18實(shí)施的指導(dǎo)方針I(yè)GRP/OSPFIGRPOSPFRedistributeDefaultIGRPOSPFRedistributeRedistribute and filter IGRP routes19重分發(fā)支持所有的路由協(xié)議p1r1(config-router)#redistribute ? bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connected Connected egp Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) eigrp Enhanced Interior

13、Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) igrp Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) isis ISO IS-IS iso-igrp IGRP for OSI networks mobile Mobile routes odr On Demand Stub Routes ospf Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP) static Static routes20IPX的RIP與EIGRP路由協(xié)議是缺省重分發(fā)的AppleT

14、alk的 RTMP與EIGRP路由協(xié)議是缺省重分發(fā)的IGRP與EIGRP路由協(xié)議在相同自治域中是缺省重分發(fā)的，否則需要手工配置。其它協(xié)議與EIGRP之間需要手工配置IPXEnhanced IGRP IPXAppleTalkIPAppleTalkIP重分發(fā)和EIGRP21使用和配置重分發(fā)22配置重分發(fā)在重分發(fā)前我要確定什么呢？確定何處增加新協(xié)議確定 ASBR確定“核心”和“邊界”的路由協(xié)議確定重分發(fā)的方向23配置重分發(fā)（續(xù)）p1r3(config)router ospf 1p1r3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp ? Autonomous system num

15、berp1r3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 ? metric Metric for redistributed routes metric-type OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes route-map Route map reference subnets Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF tag Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF p1r3(config)#

16、 eigrp 100p1r3(config-router)#redistribute ospf ? Process IDp1r3(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 ? match Redistribution of OSPF routes metric Metric for redistributed routes牋route-map Route map reference 24用于IGRP和EIGRP的重分發(fā)用于OSPF、RIP、EGP、和BGP的重分發(fā)配置重分發(fā)（續(xù)）Router(config-router)#default-metric bandwid

17、th delay reliability loading mtuRouter(config-router)#default-metric number25Edge ProtocolCore ProtocolRedistributeDefault重分發(fā)與改變距離重分發(fā)與過濾配置重分發(fā)（續(xù)）26適用除EIGRP和BGP外所有的協(xié)議適用EIGRP重分發(fā)可選改變管理距離Router(config-router)#distance weight address mask access-list-number | name ip Router(config-router)#distance eigrp i

18、nternal-distance external-distance27缺省路由 ip default-network重分發(fā)案例P1R1P1R2P1R3S0:10.1.1.2/24S1:10.1.1.1/24S1:10.1.3.1/24S0:10.1.3.2/24S0:10.1.2.1/24S1:10.1.2.2/24E0:172.6.31.5/24E0: 172.6.31.6/24RIPS1:10.2.1.1/24S0:10.2.2.1/24S1:10.2.2.2/24OSPFP2R1S0:10.2.1.2/24S1:10.2.3.1/24S0:10.2.3.2/24P2R2P2R3RIP2

19、8缺省路由 ip default-network重分發(fā)案例P1R3-自治域邊界路由器ASBRP1R1-內(nèi)部路由器interface Serial0 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 64!interface Serial1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0燾lockrate 56000!router rip network 10.0.0.0!ip classless!router ospf 200 redistribute rip metric 10 subnets network 172.6.31.5 0

20、.0.0.0 area 0!router rip network 10.0.0.0!no ip classlessip default-network 172.6.0.0!必須配置在所有運(yùn)行 RIP/IGRP路由協(xié)議的 路由器上，如果使用缺省路由做分發(fā)必須允許子網(wǎng)29ASBR 的IP路由表P1R3#show ip route * 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnetsC 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Serial0O E2 10.2.1.0 110/10 via 172.6.31.6, 00:44:56, Ethernet0C

21、10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1R 10.1.1.0 120/1 via 10.1.3.1, 00:00:05, Serial0 120/1 via 10.1.2.1, 00:00:17, Serial1O E2 10.2.2.0 110/10 via 172.6.31.6, 00:44:56, Ethernet0O E2 10.2.3.0 110/10 via 172.6.31.6, 00:44:56, Ethernet0 172.6.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.6.31.0 is directly c

22、onnected, Ethernet0P1R3RIPOSPF缺省路由 ip default-network重分發(fā)案例30內(nèi)部路由器路由表P1R1#show ip route 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnetsR 10.1.3.0 120/1 via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:24, Serial1 120/1 via 10.1.2.2, 00:00:10, Serial0C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1R* 0.0.0.0

23、/0 120/1 via 10.1.2.2, 00:00:10, Serial0P1R1RIP路由器使用缺生路由發(fā)送目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)為 10.2.0.0/24的數(shù)據(jù)包缺省路由 ip default-network重分發(fā)案例31重分發(fā)中使用管理距離(Distance)172.16.7.1172.16.7.2172.16.6.1172.16.6.2172.16.5.2172.16.5.1172.16.4.1172.16.4.2172.16.1.1172.16.1.2172.16.3.1172.16.3.2172.16.2.2172.16.2.1172.16.9.1172.16.10.1172.16.11.

24、1TransR200CenR300R100Rem172.16.12.164 kbps64 kbpsT1T1Frame Relay32管理距離度量Cen#show ip route 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 11 subnetsI 172.16.9.0 100/158813 via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:02, TokenRing1I 172.16.10.0 100/8976 via 172.16.5.2, 00:00:02, Serial0.1I 172.16.11.0 100/8976 via 172.16.4.2, 00:00:02, Seria

25、l0.2C 172.16.4.0 is directly connected, Serial0.2C 172.16.5.0 is directly connected, Serial0.1I 172.16.6.0 100/160250 via 172.16.5.2, 00:00:02, Serial0.1I 172.16.3.0 100/8539 via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:02, TokenRing0 100/8539 via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:03, TokenRing1CenIGRP重分發(fā)中使用距離（續(xù)）33172.16.11.1172.16.7.117

26、2.16.7.2172.16.6.1172.16.6.2172.16.5.2172.16.5.1172.16.4.1172.16.4.2172.16.1.1172.16.1.2172.16.3.1172.16.3.2172.16.2.2172.16.2.1172.16.9.1172.16.10.1TransR200CenR300R100Rem172.16.12.164 kbps64 kbpsT1T1 FrameRelayRIPIGRP重分發(fā)中使用距離（續(xù)）34router rip redistribute igrp 1 passive-interface Serial0.2 passive-i

27、nterface TokenRing0 passive-interface TokenRing1 network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 3!router igrp 1 redistribute rip passive-interface Serial0.1 network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 10 100 255 1 1500Router CenRouter R200router rip redistribute igrp 1 passive-interface Serial0 passive-interface TokenRing

28、0 network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 3!router igrp 1 redistribute rip passive-interface Serial1 network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 10 100 255 1 1500重分發(fā)中使用距離（續(xù)）35“Cen”有RIP和IGRP路由Cen#show ip route 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 11 subnetsR 172.16.9.0 120/2 via 172.16.5.2, 00:00:01, Serial0.1R 172.16.10.0 1

29、20/1 via 172.16.5.2, 00:00:02, Serial0.1I 172.16.11.0 100/8976 via 172.16.4.2, 00:00:02, Serial0.2C 172.16.4.0 is directly connected, Serial0.2C 172.16.5.0 is directly connected, Serial0.1R 172.16.6.0 120/1 via 172.16.5.2, 00:00:02, Serial0.1I 172.16.3.0 100/8539 via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:02, TokenRing0

30、 100/8539 via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:02, TokenRing1CenRIPIGRP重分發(fā)中使用距離（續(xù)）36R200#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 11 subnetsI 172.16.9.0 100/1000163 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:37, TokenRing0I 172.16.10.0 100/1000163 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:37, TokenRing0I 172.16.11.0 100

31、/9039 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:37, TokenRing0I 172.16.4.0 100/8539 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:37, TokenRing0I 172.16.5.0 100/8539 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:37, TokenRing0I 172.16.6.0 100/1000163 via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:37, TokenRing0C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial0“R200”包括次佳路徑 R200RIPIGRP重分發(fā)中使用距離（續(xù)）37R

32、outer R200router rip redistribute igrp 1network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 3!router igrp 1 redistribute rip network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 10 100 255 1 1500 distance 130 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1!access-list 1 permit 172.16.9.0access-list 1 permit 172.16.10.0access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0Router Cenrouter rip redistribute igrp 1 network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 3!router igrp 1 redistribute rip network 172.16.0.0 default-metric 10 100 255 1 1500 distance 130 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1!access-list 1 permit 172.16.9.0access-list 1 permit 172.16.10.0access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0重分發(fā)中使用