定語從句的講解和練習(xí)

1、十二、定語從句在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞?？荚嚇?biāo)準(zhǔn): 正確使用關(guān)系代詞who，which，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。一、引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。先行詞分兩類：1.關(guān)系代詞who（作主語）, whom（作賓語）, whose（作定語）, which（作主語、賓語）, that（作主語、賓語）. 2.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why. 注意：1.如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.

2、2.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)，可放在介詞后。 但當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是that時(shí)，則不能放在介詞后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in二、如何選用引導(dǎo)詞：一般情況引導(dǎo)詞的選用是受先行詞決定的先行詞是人時(shí)用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時(shí)用that , which; 先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)用when , where.eg. 1)The boy

3、 who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在樹下的那個(gè)男孩時(shí)Jim. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)媽媽是司機(jī)的女孩嗎？ 3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去過你爸爸工作的工廠嗎？但注意區(qū)別who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)1.修飾人只用who的情況：a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時(shí)。b. there be句型中修

4、飾名詞時(shí)。c. 先行詞后有一個(gè)較長的定語。eg.1)Anyone who hasnt handed in his home- work should stay after school. 沒交作業(yè)的任何人放學(xué)后都要留下。 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校門口有位想見你的女孩。 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公園你見過那個(gè)穿紅襯衫的人嗎？2.修飾人或物只用that的情況： a.

5、先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行詞前有最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時(shí) c. 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí) d. 主句是who / which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，而先行詞又指人或物時(shí)。eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有讓我做的事嗎？ 2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一

6、的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他談?wù)撝菰L過的老師和參觀過的學(xué)校。 4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我們上周星期天用過的機(jī)器是哪一臺(tái)？3.修飾物只用which的情況： a. 先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí) b. 先行詞為that時(shí)eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過的房子。 2)Whats that which you are hold

7、ing in your arms? 你抱著的那個(gè)是什么？*三、定語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為短語1定語從句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為過去分詞短語；定語從句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。2定語從句的謂語(be)后是介詞短語，可簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語作定語。3定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式。eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the childre

8、n playing there not to do that. 3)The book that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we should fear. = We have nothing to fear.練 習(xí) ( )1.The man _ was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked toB. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to himD.

9、which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film _has been shown this year.A. who B. that C. which D. when( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. that D. in where( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers _ interested himA. what B. who C. that D

10、. which( )5.My father still remembers the day _ he joined the army.A. when B. which C. to which D. from which( )6.Ill never forget the summer holidays _ we spent together.A. when B. in which C. which D. how( )7Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who( )8.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that( )9.I hate people _ talk much but do