大學(xué)英語(yǔ)英漢語(yǔ)言對(duì)比

1、英漢語(yǔ)言的對(duì)比Major Disparity between English and Chinese一、英漢詞匯對(duì)比（詞匯的意義、詞語(yǔ)的搭配、詞序）1.詞匯的意義 英語(yǔ)詞匯意義在漢語(yǔ)里的對(duì)應(yīng)程度，大致可歸納為以下四種情況：（1）英語(yǔ)中有些詞所表示的意義，在漢語(yǔ)中可以找到完全對(duì)應(yīng)的詞來(lái)表達(dá)。它們的意義在任何上下文中都完全相等。這主要是一些已有通用譯名的專(zhuān)用名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)和日常生活中的一些事物的名稱。如：TheU.S.StateDepartment美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)Computationallinguistics計(jì)算語(yǔ)言學(xué)Helicopter直升飛機(jī)Minibus微型汽車(chē)（面包車(chē)）（2）英語(yǔ)中有些詞與漢語(yǔ)中有些

2、詞在詞義上只有部分對(duì)應(yīng)。它們?cè)谝饬x上概況的范圍有廣狹之分。如：Marriage娶、嫁Gun槍、炮Sister姐、妹Morning早晨、上午（3）英語(yǔ)中有些詞所表示的意義，目前在漢語(yǔ)里還找不到最后確定的對(duì)應(yīng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)。這主要是英語(yǔ)中一些新詞，包括專(zhuān)用名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)以及一些反映英美社會(huì)特殊風(fēng)氣及事物的詞。如：Mascon(massconcentration)（表示月球表層下高密度的）物質(zhì)聚積Beddo（一種多用途的）床Overkill（核彈超過(guò)軍事目的的）過(guò)度殺傷力（系資產(chǎn)階級(jí)渲染核武器“威力”的用語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)又用來(lái)表示宣傳活動(dòng)等方面不必要的過(guò)度行為）Plumber（形成于“五角大樓文件”泄密事件后白宮設(shè)立的

3、專(zhuān)門(mén)特工機(jī)構(gòu)?！皃lumber”原意“鉛管工”，用以指特工，系借用“鉛管工”堵漏、防漏之含義）Bridal Shower 新娘結(jié)婚前的派對(duì)/準(zhǔn)新娘送禮會(huì)Bachelor Party (婚禮前夕為新郎舉行的)單身漢舞會(huì)Baby Shower 嬰兒送禮會(huì)/嬰兒洗禮（在孩子出生前舉辦一個(gè)特殊的派對(duì)）A bridal shower is a gift-giving party held for a bride-to-be in anticipation of her wedding. It gives the bride-to-be a much-needed break from the stres

4、s of planning a wedding. Bridal showers can be a surprise for the bride or a planned party, a formal brunch or a casual party. As showers are explicitly a gift-giving occasion, everyone who attends the shower is expected to bring a small gift. People who decline the invitation for any reason are not

5、 expected to send a gift or otherwise participate in the party.A bachelor party, also known as a stag party, stag night, a bulls party, a bucks party or bucks night is a party held for a bachelor shortly before he enters marriage, to make the most of his final opportunity to engage in activities a n

6、ew partner might not approve of, or merely to spend time with his male friends. A bachelor party may involve activities beyond the usual party and social gathering ingredients (often drinking alcohol and gambling), such as going to a strip club or hiring a stripper.The planned activities of a bachel

7、or party are traditionally kept secret from the groom.Baby shower is a great way to welcome a new child and congratulate the new mother. Traditionally, baby showers were celebrated by a new mother and only her closest female friends after the baby had been born. Over time, however, old traditions ha

8、ve relaxed, allowing for couple showers to which men are invited, and celebrations in the workplace that co-workers can attend. It is now generally a party for a mother-to-be. Many mothers appreciate advice in purchasing the items they will need for their new baby. Friends of the new mother bring gi

9、fts for the new baby. （4）英語(yǔ)中有許多詞一詞多義，其所表示的各個(gè)意義，分別與漢語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)不同的詞或詞組對(duì)應(yīng)。多義詞的具體意義，只有聯(lián)系上下文才能確定。如果脫離上下文，孤立地譯一個(gè)詞就很難確切地表達(dá)該詞的真正含義。如：Asoftabove-goundlaunchingsite無(wú)堅(jiān)固掩體的地面發(fā)射基地Therecordhasbeenconsideredsofteversinceitwassetlast May自從五月份創(chuàng)造了這個(gè)紀(jì)錄以來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為它是很容易被打破的。Thelandingmustbesuper-soft這次著陸一定是超級(jí)的軟著陸Marijuanaisusua

10、llyregardedasasoftdrug.大麻通常被看做是軟性（毒性較輕的）麻醉毒品。Atthisstagethereisonlysoftintelligenceabouttheenemy intention.Weshouldnotshoothimfromthehip.在目前，關(guān)于敵人的意圖還只有不太充分的情報(bào)，我們不能魯莽行事。2.詞語(yǔ)的搭配英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在詞的搭配能力方面往往有差異。a horsea cattle (ox/cow/bull)a sheep (lamb)a chickena boata desk 3.詞序主要差異集中在定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的位置上。定語(yǔ)的位置：（1）單詞作定語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中單

11、詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞前面，漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)的位置也大體如此。有時(shí)英語(yǔ)中也有后置的，但在漢語(yǔ)里一般都前置。Aresearch-orientedhospital （前置？后置？）一所以搞科研為重點(diǎn)的醫(yī)院Somethingimportant重要的事情T(mén)hebankerslittlegarden銀行老板的小花園（2）短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中修飾名詞的短語(yǔ)一般放在名詞之后，漢語(yǔ)里則放在被修飾的名詞之前，但間或也有放在后面的，視漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣而定。Abuildingprojectofhigh-riseapartmenthouses（前置？后置？ ）一個(gè)多層公寓大樓的建筑項(xiàng)目Acandidatewithlitt

12、lechanceofsuccess一個(gè)當(dāng)選希望極微的候選人總結(jié)：定語(yǔ)后置1. some-, any-, every-, no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞He told me something important.他告訴我了一件重要的事情。There is nothing wrong with this computer.這臺(tái)電腦沒(méi)有什么毛病。2. ible, -able 結(jié)尾的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，與every, the only或形容詞最高級(jí)連用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，也常需后置。The doctors have tried every way possible.大夫們已經(jīng)試過(guò)各種可能的辦法了。They had t

13、he greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time.為了能及時(shí)趕到那兒，他們克服了極大的困難。It is the only wild berry edible here in this area.它是這個(gè)地區(qū)惟一能食用的野莓。3. 定語(yǔ)從句和某些分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也需后置Here are the New Year cards Ive just received.這些是我剛收到的新年賀卡。Most of the people studying here are middle school teachers.在這里學(xué)習(xí)的多數(shù)是中學(xué)老師。4.

14、起表語(yǔ)作用的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，也需后置。Everybody present at the conference welcomed the decision.出席大會(huì)的人都贊同這項(xiàng)決議。There are many young people adrift in the big cities in that country.那個(gè)國(guó)家的大城市里有很多四處游蕩的年輕人。5. 某些成對(duì)的形容詞作定語(yǔ)需要后置，翻譯時(shí)需靈活處理All nations, large or small, rich or poor, should be equal.國(guó)家不論大小貧富，都應(yīng)一律平等。Teachers, old and

15、new, must respect each other and learn from each other.新老教師都應(yīng)互相尊重，互相學(xué)習(xí)。The reason for the change is lack of money, pure and simple.更改的原因純粹是因?yàn)槿鄙俳?jīng)費(fèi)。c. 英語(yǔ)中表示程度的狀語(yǔ)在修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可前置也可后置，而在漢語(yǔ)中一般都前置。Themoleculesofagasaremovingaboutextremelyfastinalldirections.氣體的分子非常迅速地向四面八方運(yùn)動(dòng)著。Heisrunningfastenough.他跑得夠快了。多層定語(yǔ)的順序

16、：視語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣而定 多層定語(yǔ)之間一般按照與中心語(yǔ)關(guān)系的密切程度排列順序，關(guān)系越密切的定語(yǔ)越靠近中心語(yǔ)。一位漂亮的長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)的中國(guó)女孩A beautiful long-haired Chinese girl一張紅木小圓桌a small round red wooden table一位中國(guó)現(xiàn)代優(yōu)秀作家an outstanding contemporary Chinese writer繁榮昌盛的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)a modern, prosperous, powerful socialist country狀語(yǔ)的位置：（1）單詞作狀語(yǔ)a.英語(yǔ)中單詞狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞或其他狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在它所修飾的形容詞或狀語(yǔ)的

17、前面，這一點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)相同。Johndidnotdistinguishhimselfasastudent,buthewasveryactiveinclass.（前置?后置？） 約翰當(dāng)年并不是出色的學(xué)生，但他在班上很活躍。b. 英語(yǔ)中單詞狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般放在動(dòng)詞之后，而在漢語(yǔ)里則一般放在動(dòng)詞之前。Modernscienceandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)正在迅速發(fā)展。（2）短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) a. 英語(yǔ)中短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)可放在被修飾的動(dòng)詞之前或后，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，大多數(shù)放在被修飾的動(dòng)詞之前，但也有放在后面的，視漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣而定。Thenwithabagoftoysand

18、bookswewalkedacrossthe gardeninthegraylightofthedawn.（前置?后置？）我們提著一口袋玩具和書(shū)籍，在晨曦中穿過(guò)了花園。Hewasquicktouseselfdeprecatinghumortothrow anyoneoffthescent.為了迷惑別人，他機(jī)靈地說(shuō)些自我挖苦的笑話。Ajeep,full,spedfast,drenchingmeinspray.一輛坐滿人的吉普車(chē)急駛而過(guò)，濺了我一身水。b. 英語(yǔ)中地點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)一般在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前，而在漢語(yǔ)中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往在地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)之前，如：HewasborninFurthonMay27,1923.他是

19、一九二三年五月二十七日在菲爾特出生的。c. 英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)之間的排列一般都是從小到大，而在漢語(yǔ)中一般都是從大到小。二、英漢句子結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比1. “形合”與“意合”的差異英語(yǔ)重形合（hypotaxis)，漢語(yǔ)重意合（parataxis) 形合主要靠語(yǔ)言本身語(yǔ)法手段（形式手段），意合主要靠句子內(nèi)部邏輯聯(lián)系。奈達(dá) 譯意Translating meaning:就漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)而言，也許在語(yǔ)言學(xué)中最重要的一個(gè)區(qū)別就是形合與意合的對(duì)比 (contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis)英語(yǔ)注重顯性銜接（overt cohesion），漢語(yǔ)注重隱性連貫（covert co

20、herence) 傅雷：東方人與西方人的思維方式有基本分歧，我人重綜合，重歸納，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人則重分析，細(xì)微曲折，挖掘唯恐不盡，描寫(xiě)唯恐不周。漢語(yǔ)學(xué)家王力：西洋語(yǔ)法是硬的，沒(méi)有彈性；中國(guó)語(yǔ)法是軟的，富有彈性。所以中國(guó)語(yǔ)法以達(dá)意為主。 英國(guó)人寫(xiě)文章往往化零為整，而中國(guó)人寫(xiě)文章卻往往化整為零。潘文國(guó)：英語(yǔ)基本上是一種形態(tài)性的語(yǔ)言，漢語(yǔ)基本上是一種語(yǔ)義性的語(yǔ)言。原文：No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness

21、like a mighty stream. 譯文：不，不，我們沒(méi)有滿足，我們也不會(huì)滿足，直到公平如大水滾滾，公義如江河滔滔。 原文選自Martin Luther King的演講稿I Have a Dream（我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)）。其中有兩個(gè)“and”及一個(gè)“until”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)使全句節(jié)奏緊湊，讀來(lái)有氣貫長(zhǎng)虹、激情澎湃之勢(shì)。但是如果將“and”譯為“而且”之類(lèi)的對(duì)應(yīng)詞就會(huì)破壞原文的氣勢(shì)，因而譯文根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意合的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)“and”不做對(duì)應(yīng)詞翻譯，如此操作反而增加了譯文的節(jié)奏感，更能再現(xiàn)原文的感染力。譯文中的逗號(hào)有五處，而原文中只有三處，這種翻譯操作與漢語(yǔ)的意合特點(diǎn)不無(wú)關(guān)系由于漢語(yǔ)中短句很多,更容易讓讀者體

22、會(huì)原文的節(jié)奏感和內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。 原文: 寒蟬凄切, 對(duì)長(zhǎng)亭晚, 驟雨初歇。 朱純深先生譯為: A miserable cicada is thrilling in the cold, Over the wayside pavilions darkening form Emerging from the wash of a sudden storm. 原文描繪了一幅畫(huà)卷當(dāng)中三個(gè)不同側(cè)面，交代了時(shí)間、季節(jié)和地點(diǎn)，勾畫(huà)了凄切的寒蟬、長(zhǎng)亭、晚景、初歇的驟雨等意象，但彼此之間到底是怎樣的邏輯關(guān)系和空間關(guān)系讀者并不確定，我們甚至連畫(huà)卷所著眼的主角是詞人、詞人的友人、還是“寒蟬”都很難判斷，原詞語(yǔ)意非常模

23、糊。然而要翻譯為英文的話卻無(wú)論如何也模糊不出來(lái)，譯者必須選擇一個(gè)明確的著眼點(diǎn)，將各意象合理地編織在一起，構(gòu)成自相完整而緊湊的句式。為此，譯者不得不放棄原文所可能允許的其他各種理解，遵照自己認(rèn)為合適的理解讓各個(gè)成分形成一個(gè)完整的畫(huà)面。這里，朱純深先生特意擷取了單數(shù)名詞“cicada”為焦點(diǎn)意象，使之成為引發(fā)情景交融的一個(gè)觸點(diǎn)，然后通過(guò)“Over”引出夜晚的長(zhǎng)亭這一意象使之成為“A miserable cicada is thrilling in the cold”這一主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的狀語(yǔ)，又通過(guò)“Emerging from”這種句法手段使“Emerging from the wash of a sud

24、den storm”成為“darkening form”的補(bǔ)足修飾語(yǔ)。 雨霖鈴 寒蟬凄切。對(duì)長(zhǎng)亭晚，驟雨初歇。都門(mén)帳飲無(wú)緒，留戀處、蘭舟催發(fā)。執(zhí)手相看淚眼，竟無(wú)語(yǔ)凝噎。念去去、千里煙波，暮靄沉沉楚天闊。 多情自古傷離別，更那堪冷落清秋節(jié)！今宵酒醒何處？楊柳岸、曉風(fēng)殘?jiān)?。此去?jīng)年，應(yīng)是良辰好景虛設(shè)。便縱有千種風(fēng)情，更與何人說(shuō)？2. 英漢句子重心的差異We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by sidenot

25、 just in a passive way but as active friends.我們認(rèn)為生活在不同政治社會(huì)制度下的各國(guó)人民應(yīng)該共處，不僅僅是消極共處，而是要積極地友好相處，這是正確而必要的。漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是敘事在前，表態(tài)在后。英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是表態(tài)在前，敘事在后。英語(yǔ)：頭輕腳重，屬于主語(yǔ)顯著（subject-prominent）語(yǔ)言。 英語(yǔ)重視主語(yǔ)的位置及其統(tǒng)帥全局的作用。因此在漢譯英中，如何找準(zhǔn)句子重心，確定主語(yǔ)常常是翻譯成敗的關(guān)鍵因素。漢語(yǔ)：頭重腳輕，屬于主題顯著（topic-prominent）語(yǔ)言。The visit gives me the opportunity which I h

26、ave long sought, to see for myself the achievements of the Chinese people.這次訪問(wèn)使我有機(jī)會(huì)親眼看一看中國(guó)人民取得的成就，這是我向往已久的。I am heartened by the assurance which your Government has repeatedly given that the arrangements for Hong Kong contained in the Agreement are not measures of expediency.貴國(guó)政府一再表示，協(xié)議中有關(guān)香港的安排不是權(quán)宜之

27、計(jì)，這種保證使我感到鼓舞。3. 靜態(tài)語(yǔ)言與動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)言的差異英語(yǔ)句子中，名詞與介詞占優(yōu)勢(shì)漢語(yǔ)句子中，動(dòng)詞使用較多Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.農(nóng)民缺乏訓(xùn)練，許多農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)率很低，這就使得大多數(shù)農(nóng)民處于貧窮的境地。4. 重物稱與重人稱的差異英語(yǔ)多采用不能施以動(dòng)作或無(wú)生命的詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)多用人稱作主語(yǔ)5. 多被動(dòng)

28、與多主動(dòng)的差異英語(yǔ)：廣泛使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)漢語(yǔ)：較少使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)6. 多長(zhǎng)句與多簡(jiǎn)單句的差異英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用的情況：（1） 不知道或是沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明行為的實(shí)行者The audience are requested to keep silent.請(qǐng)觀眾保持肅靜。She was offered a job in a middle school.人家給她一個(gè)中學(xué)里的工作。（2） 動(dòng)作的對(duì)象是談話的中心話題Clinton is expected to give his testimony by videotape.克林頓將會(huì)以錄像的形式提供證詞。The scientific research plan has

29、 already been drawn up.科研計(jì)劃已經(jīng)擬出來(lái)了。The girl was criticized yesterday.這個(gè)女孩昨天挨了一頓批評(píng)。（3） 無(wú)從說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的實(shí)行者是誰(shuí)She was seen to go out of the room.有人看見(jiàn)她走出了那個(gè)房間。Youre wanted on the phone.你的電話。This rubbish is being disposed of.（有人）正在處理這些垃圾。（4）為了加強(qiáng)上下文的連貫、銜接John actually loved Mary and was loved in return.約翰真的愛(ài)瑪麗，而瑪麗也

30、愛(ài)約翰。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出現(xiàn)在臺(tái)上，觀眾熱烈鼓掌歡迎。Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.人的思想形成語(yǔ)言，而語(yǔ)言又影響了人的思想。（5） 出于禮貌，使措辭得當(dāng)，語(yǔ)氣委婉Visitors are requested to show their tickets.來(lái)賓請(qǐng)出示入場(chǎng)券。Passengers are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here.請(qǐng)

31、旅客在此填寫(xiě)報(bào)關(guān)表。漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用的情況：（1） 有形式標(biāo)記的被動(dòng)態(tài) 表被動(dòng)意義的助詞 ：讓,叫,給,被,受,挨,遭,由,加以,予以,為所,被所,是.的The work has been done by him.工作已由他完成了。The cup has been broken into pieces.杯子給打得粉碎。This matter must be dealt with.這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須予以處理。（2） 無(wú)形式標(biāo)記的被動(dòng)態(tài) 看似主動(dòng)，但在主謂關(guān)系上卻有被動(dòng)含義，這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象在漢語(yǔ)中大量存在。What language is spoken there?那里講什么語(yǔ)言？This task mu

32、st be fulfilled in time.這個(gè)任務(wù)必須按時(shí)完成。 （3）漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句 用來(lái)表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、要求、告誡、號(hào)召等Children should be taught to speak the truth.應(yīng)該教育兒童講老實(shí)話。Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，一定要改正。 Passive voice in translationConverting the passive voice into the activeConverting passive voice into a subjectless sen

33、tenceKeeping the passive structure unchangedReplacing the passive voice with other meansA. Converting the passive voice into the active1. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.2. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.3.

34、 A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 4. To explore the moons surface, rockets were launched again and again.5. Salt is known to have a strong corroding effect on metals.A. Converting the passive voice into the active1. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth ha

35、s never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年時(shí)期留下的自卑感還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有完全消除。2. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)組織拯救了800人。3. A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 電子技術(shù)提供了一種新的顯示時(shí)間的方法。4. To explore the moons surface, rockets were launched again and again.

36、為了探測(cè)月球的表面，人們一次又一次地發(fā)射火箭。5. Salt is known to have a strong corroding effect on metals. 大家知道，鹽對(duì)金屬有很強(qiáng)的腐蝕作用。B. Converting passive voice into a subjectless sentence1. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put to an end.2. Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.3. Best surface

37、finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding.B. Converting passive voice into a subjectless sentence1. The unpleasant noise must be immediately put to an end.必須立即終止這種討厭的噪音。2. Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.已經(jīng)注意到采取防腐新措施。3. Best surface finish is pr

38、ovided by machining methods, especially by grinding.用機(jī)械加工的方法，特別是磨削法，可以獲得最佳表面光潔度。C. Keeping the passive structure unchanged1. If the scheme is disapproved, work on the project will stop immediately.2. At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.3. Any minute we would surely be spotted by en

39、emy planes flying in and out of the airfield.4. Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.5. Everyone was fed up with her gossip.6. Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with a sense of decency.C. Keeping the passive structure unchanged1. If the scheme is disapproved, w

40、ork on the project will stop immediately.如果方案被否決，這項(xiàng)工程將立即停工。2. At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.月底，他因不勝任工作而被解雇了。3. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我們隨時(shí)都會(huì)被出入機(jī)場(chǎng)的敵機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)。C. Keeping the passive structure unchanged4. Our foreign pol

41、icy is supported by the people all over the world.我們的對(duì)外政策受到全世界人民的支持。5. Everyone was fed up with her gossip.人人都受夠了她的流言蜚語(yǔ)。6. Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with a sense of decency.這種行為將會(huì)為一切有良知的人所蔑視。D. Replacing the passive voice with other means1. The village is populated by about 13,000

42、 farmers.2. The news was passed on by word of mouth.3. He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade.4. She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet.5. He has been wedded to translation.6. She did not wish to be troubled.D. Replacing the passive voice with other means1. T

43、he village is populated by about 13,000 farmers.這個(gè)村子里住著大約13，000個(gè)農(nóng)民。2. The news was passed on by word of mouth.眾口相傳，消息不脛而走。3. He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade.他已得知他們中有兩個(gè)人好像不能及格。4. She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet.她和丈夫應(yīng)邀赴宴去了。5. He has been wedded to

44、 translation.他與翻譯結(jié)下了不解之緣。6. She did not wish to be troubled.她不愿別人麻煩她。Passive voice in translationmore practice1. She hadnt been told Bettes family name, or shed forgotten it.2. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.3. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.4. He