小學(xué)最全英語語法匯總

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)小學(xué)最全英語語法匯總一、時(shí)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every每, sometimes有時(shí)，always總是,”等詞。（2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)： I / You / We / TheyHe / She / It肯定句動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式否定句dont + 動(dòng)原doesnt + 動(dòng)原一般疑問句(Yes/No)Do ? Yes, I do.Does(動(dòng)詞原形)?No,she doesnt.特殊疑問句Wha

2、t do ?How does she(動(dòng)詞原形)?(3) 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式（同名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同）1一般情況+s如：walk-walks2.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去y +iesfly-flies3.結(jié)尾是 s, x， sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),（1）表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看，linsen聽”.（2）基本形式： be + 動(dòng)詞ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It

3、is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading?（3）動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式（動(dòng)詞+ing）一般情況 +ing walkwalking結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的 e-e + ingcomecoming重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ingrun-runningswim-swimming3. 一般過去時(shí)（1） 表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast 上一個(gè), just now剛才, a moment ago剛才， yesterday昨天”等詞。（2） be 動(dòng)詞的過去式: am/iswas arewere （3）過去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句（Positive）動(dòng)詞過去

4、式I went shopping last night.否定句(Negative)Didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Did + 動(dòng)詞原形?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑問句(wh-)What did+ 動(dòng)詞原形?What did you do last night?（4）詞過去式的變化：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：一般動(dòng)詞 +edplanted,watered,climbed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 +dliked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重讀閉音

5、節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+edstop stoppedplan - planned不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeaksp

6、okemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew4一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday等時(shí)間狀語連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to +動(dòng)詞原形或will +動(dòng)詞原形例如：Im going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人稱代詞主格I weyouhesheitt

7、hey賓格me usyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheris（注：介詞，動(dòng)詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時(shí)用名詞性物主代詞。）三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.一般名詞： + s a book books2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾： - y+ ies a storystories3.以s, x，sh, ch ，結(jié)尾： + es a glassglasses；a watch-watches4.以f或fe結(jié)尾： - f 或fe 變?yōu)?ves a knife knives a shelf-she

8、lves5.特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四、不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、縮略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he

9、is /he has(got)its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us Ill=I will六、a. an .the的用法1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音：a book, a peach， a “U”單詞的第一個(gè)讀音是元音讀音：an egg， an hour， an “F” 2.the要注意的：球類前面不加the，樂器前面要加the，序數(shù)詞前面要加the。七、介詞1表示方位：on, in ,in front of, betwee

10、n, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under2表示時(shí)間：（1）at : 幾點(diǎn)前面用at如：at six oclock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如 ：at Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night（2）on: 星期前用on 如：on Monday ，日期前用on 如：on the 15th of July 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如： on National Day（3）in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in：in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，月份前

11、用in ，如in December ，季節(jié)前用in ，如 winter八、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三， 2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3.不規(guī)則的。如：first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。4.有兩個(gè)或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個(gè)單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。九、some /any的用法 1.肯定句中用some：I have som

12、e toys in my bedroom.2.問句和否定句中用ang：Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.詢問想要什么時(shí)用some：Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps?十、 there be結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句（有）： There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞There are +復(fù)數(shù)注：遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的2.一般疑問句（有嗎？）:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No,

13、there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.3.否定句（沒有）： There isnt . There arent.4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。十一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.Lets go to the park.（注：祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形）十二、(情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。1. I / He / She /

14、 They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. Youll be good friends. 十三、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)一、形容詞的比較級(jí)1、兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。2形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ；以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ；以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：good

15、-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副詞的比較級(jí) 1形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be；有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng))在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后2副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther)十四、特殊疑問句What (問什么事,什么物或什么工作) What are you doing？Im reading.What is that?Its a book.hat is she?(Whats her job?)Shes a nurse.What

16、colour(問顏色)What colour is your coat?Its red.What time（時(shí)間）What time is it?Whats the time?Its seven.when(什么時(shí)候)When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?Its on the 21st of December.Which（哪一個(gè)）Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.Who（誰）Who is the m

17、an with a big nose?Hes my uncle.Whose（誰的）Whose bag is it? Whose is this bag?Its his bag.Where（哪里）Where is my ball pen?Its under the book.Why（為什么）Why do you like summer?I like summer becauseHow many （多少）How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.How old （幾歲）How

18、old is the young man?Hes nineteen.How much（多少錢）How much is the toy bear?Its eleven yuan.How （怎么樣）How do you go to school everyday?I go to school by car. 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法例 詞A. 在一般情況下，詞尾加-sbook books bed - bedsB. 以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加-esbus buses box - boxesdish dishes watch - watchesC. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的

19、詞，先將f 或fe 改成v，再加-esknife - kniveswife - wivesD. 以o結(jié)尾的單詞，有生命的物質(zhì)加-es，無生命的物質(zhì)加-stomato - tomatoesphoto - photosE. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，先y將改i，再加上-esfamily families city - cities二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成（ing形式）構(gòu)成法例 詞A. 一般加-ingwork working study - studyingB. 以e 結(jié)尾的詞去e后加-inglive living write - writingC. 動(dòng)詞為單音節(jié)：以單一元音字母+單一輔音字母結(jié)尾

20、，輔音字母雙寫，再加ing；動(dòng)詞為雙音節(jié)或者多音節(jié)：最后一個(gè)音節(jié)為重讀音節(jié)，以單一元音字母+單一輔音字母結(jié)尾，輔音字母雙寫，再加 ingstop - stoppingrun - running swim - swimmingbegin - beginning三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（單三形式）構(gòu)成法例 詞A. 一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-shelp helps make - makesB. 以s, x , ch，sh，結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-esfix fixes teach teaches wash - washesC. 以o 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-esgo goes do - doesD. 以輔音字母加y

21、 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先y變?yōu)閕，再加-esfly - fliesstudy studies carry - carriesE. 不規(guī)則變化have - has四、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)（-ed形式）構(gòu)成法例 詞A. 一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-edcook - cookedplay - playedB. 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-dlive - livedC. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先y變?yōu)閕，再加-edfly - fliedstudy - studiedD. 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫該輔音字母加-edstop - stoppedplan - plannedE. 不規(guī)則變化swim - swa

22、mhave - hadF. be 動(dòng)詞變化am - wasis - wasare - were五、形容詞比較級(jí)形容詞比較級(jí)（er形式）構(gòu)成法例 詞A. 一般直接加-er long - longerB. 如果以-e結(jié)尾，直接加-rnice - nicerC. 閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母須雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加-er big - biggerD. 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加-erheavy - heavier小學(xué)階段沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)比較級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化一、一般疑問句1. - Did you read books? 你讀書了嗎？- Yes, I did.是的，我讀過了。/ No, I didnt

23、. 不，我沒有讀過。2. - Is she quiet? 她文靜嗎？- No, she isnt. Shes very active. 不，她不。她很活躍。- Is she strict? 她嚴(yán)格嗎？- Yes, she is, but shes very kind. 是的，她是，但是她很和藹。3. - Is this a teachers desk? 這是一張講臺(tái)桌嗎？/ Is it cold? 冷嗎？/ Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月嗎？/ Is this your T-shirt? 這是你的T恤衫嗎？- Yes, it is. 是的。/ No, it i

24、snt. (No, its not.) 不，不是的。4. - Can you make the bed? 你會(huì)鋪床嗎？/ Can you use a computer? 你會(huì)使用電腦嗎？- Yes, I can. 是的，我會(huì)。/ No, I cant.不，我不會(huì)。5. - Are they ducks? 它們是鴨子嗎？/ Are they eating the honey? 它們吃蜂蜜嗎？- Yes, they are. 是的，它們是。/ No, they arent. 不，它們不是。6. - Is there a forest in the park? 公園里有一個(gè)森林嗎？/ Is ther

25、e a river? 那里有條河嗎？- Yes, there is. 是的，那里有。/ No, there arent. 不，那里沒有。7. - Are there any pandas in the mountains? 山里有一些熊貓嗎？/ Are there any fish in the rivers? 河里有一些魚嗎？- Yes, there are. 是的，那里有。/ No, there arent.不，那里沒有。8. - Are you eating lunch? 你（們）正在吃午餐嗎？- Yes, I am. (Yes, we are.) 是的，我正在吃。（是的，我們正在吃。）

26、/ No, I am not. (No, we arent.) 不，我沒有在吃。（不，我們沒有在吃。）9. - Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋嗎？- Yes, he is. 是的，他是。/ No, he isnt. 不，他沒有。10. - Is she counting insects? 她正在數(shù)昆蟲嗎？- Yes, she is. 是的，她是。/ No, she isnt. 不，她沒有。11. - Does she / he teach English? 她（他）教英語嗎？- Yes, she / he does. 是的，她（他）是。/ No, she / he doe

27、snt. 不，她（他）不是。二、談?wù)摃r(shí)間1. - What time is it? 幾點(diǎn)鐘？- Its two oclock. 兩點(diǎn)鐘。/ Its 9: 45. Its time for math class. 九點(diǎn)四十五。是上數(shù)學(xué)課的時(shí)間了。2. - What day is it today? 今天星期幾？- Its Wednesday. 星期三。3. - When do you eat dinner? 你幾點(diǎn)吃晚餐？- I eat dinner at 7: 00 in the evening. 我晚上7點(diǎn)鐘吃晚餐。4. - When do you get up? 你幾點(diǎn)起床？- I usu

28、ally get up at 12: 00 noon. 我一般中午12點(diǎn)鐘起床。5. - When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么時(shí)候？- Its in May. 在五月。/ My birthday is in June. 我的生日在六月。/ Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too. 比爾叔叔的生日也在六月。6. - Whats the date? 幾月幾日？ - June 9th. 六月九日。三、談?wù)擃伾?. - What colour is it? 什么顏色？ - Its white. 白色。四、談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)1. - Where are y

29、ou going this afternoon? 下午你打算去哪？- Im going to the bookstore. 我打算去書店。2. - Where did you go on your holiday? 假期你去了哪？- I went to Xinjiang. 我去了新疆。3. - Where does she work? 她在哪工作？- She works in a hospital. 她在醫(yī)院工作。4. - Where does the rain come from? 雨從哪來？- It comes from the clouds. 它從云里來。5. - Where is th

30、e cinema, please? 請(qǐng)問電影院在哪？- Its next to the hospital. 在醫(yī)院旁邊。/ Turn left at the cinema, then go straight. Its on the left. 在電影那左轉(zhuǎn)，然后直走。它在你的左邊。6. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 那有兩個(gè)臥室，一個(gè)廚房，一個(gè)衛(wèi)生間和一個(gè)客廳。There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 那有一面鏡子，一張床和一個(gè)大衣柜。The clos

31、et is near the table. 衣柜在桌子的附近。Many clothes are in the closet. 很多的衣服在衣柜里。The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾桶在門后。五、談?wù)搩r(jià)格1. - How much is it? 這個(gè)多少錢？- Its ten yuan. 十元。2. - How much are they? 它們多少錢？- Theyre three yuan. 它們?nèi)?。六、談?wù)摂?shù)量1. - How many horses are there? 那有多少匹馬？- Twelve. 十二匹。七、談?wù)撊宋?. - Whos you

32、r English teacher? 你的英語老師是誰？- Mr Carter. 卡特先生。2. - Whats he like? 他長(zhǎng)什么樣？- Hes tall and strong. 他又高又強(qiáng)壯。3. How old are you? 你幾歲？八、談?wù)撓埠?. - Whats your favourite fruit? 你最喜歡的水果是什么？- I like apples. Theyre sweet. 我喜歡蘋果。它們很甜。/ I like fruit. But I dont like grapes. Theyre sour. 我喜歡水果。但我不喜歡葡萄。它們很酸。2. - Which

33、 season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？- I like winter best. 我最喜歡冬天。/ Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season. 夏天很好，但秋天是我最喜歡的季節(jié)。3. - Why do you like summer? 你為什么喜歡夏天？- Because I can swim in the lake. 因?yàn)槲铱梢栽诤镉斡尽? Why do you like winter? 你為什么喜歡冬天？- Because I can sleep a long time. 因?yàn)槲铱梢运荛L(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。4.

34、- Whats your hobby? 你的愛好是什么？- I like collecting stamps. 我喜歡收集郵票。/ He likes collecting stamps, too. 他也喜歡收集郵票。九、談?wù)撌虑?. This is my computer. 這是我的電腦。 That is your computer. 那是你的電腦。2. Lets play football. 讓我們踢足球吧。3. This is Zhang Peng. 這是張鵬。4. - What did you do last weekend? 你上個(gè)周末做了什么？- I played football.

35、 我踢了足球。5. - What are you going to buy? 你打算去買什么？- I am going to buy a comic book. 我打算去買一本漫畫書。6. - What are you going to do on the weekend? 周末你打算去做什么？- Im going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 這個(gè)周末我打算去拜訪我的祖父母。7. - What are they doing? 他們?cè)谧鍪裁矗? Theyre swimming. 他們?cè)谟斡尽? They are climbing trees. 他

36、們?cè)谂罉洹?. - What is it doing? 它在做什么？ - Its eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉。9. - What is she doing? 她在做什么？ - Shes jumping.她在跳。10. - What are you doing? 你正在做什么？- Im doing the dishes. 我正在洗碗。 / Im reading a book. 我正在讀書。11. Grandpa is writing a letter. 爺爺正在寫信。Brother is doing homework. 兄弟正在做作業(yè)。Mom is cooking dinner

37、in the kitchen. 媽媽正廚房里燒飯。Hes writing an e-mail in the study. 他正在書房里寫一封電子郵件。12. - What do you do on the weekend? 你周末做什么？- Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 一般我看電視和去購物。/ Sometimes I visit my grandparents. 有時(shí)候我去拜訪我的祖父母。/ I often play football. 我經(jīng)常去踢足球。/ Sometimes I go hiking. 有時(shí)候我去遠(yuǎn)足。13. - What do you have on Thursdays? 星期四你們有什么課？- We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 星期四我們有英語，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)課。14. - What do you do on Saturdays? 星期六你做什么？- I watch TV on Saturdays. 星期六我看電視。15. - What about you? 你呢？ - I do my homewor