機(jī)載監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)：2-4機(jī)載氣象雷達(dá) - 天線(xiàn)控制面板顯示

1、Airborne Weather Radar(WXR) Con5：Antenna, CP and DISPLAY23RDR-4000 System ComponentsCP-1BDual Control PanelTR-1 Transmitter/ReceiverModulesRP-1Radar ProcessorsDA-1BDual Antenna DriveFP30-130” Flat PlateMT-3Mounting TrayOutlines for Con5ANTENNA天線(xiàn)組成平板天線(xiàn)CPWXR CPEFIS CPDISPLAY4Antenna assemblyFlat plate

2、 antenna: it transmits and receives RF pulses.Antenna pedestal: it contains scan motors, antenna position monitors, elevation and scan disable switches.5ANTENNAWARNING: DO NOT OPEN THE NOSE RADOME IF THE WIND IS MORE THAN 15 KNOTS. IF YOU OPEN THE RADOME IN A WIND, THE RADOME CAN MOVE QUICKLY. THIS

3、CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.WARNING: DO NOT OPERATE THE WEATHER RADAR WHEN PERSONNEL ARE IN THE AREA USUALLY CONTAINED BY THE AIRCRAFT NOSE RADOME. DO NOT OPERATE THE WEATHER RADAR IN A HANGAR. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURIES TO PERSONNEL CAN OCCUR.WARNING: IF T

4、HERE IS FUEL LEAKAGE OR AN OPEN FUEL CELL LESS THAN 50 FT (15 M) FROM THE RADAR, DO NOT OPERATE THE WEATHER RADAR. IF THERE IS FUEL IN THE 50-FOOT RADIUS AROUND THE RADAR, IT CAN CAUSE A FIRE AND EXPLOSION. THESE CAN CAUSE INJURIES TO PERSONNEL, AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. THESE CAN KILL PERSONNEL.6ANT

5、ENNA CONTROL INTERFACEAntenna TiltThe WXR panel supplies antenna tilt control signals to the WXR R/T.Attitude SourcesThe WXR R/T uses ADIRU attitude data to stabilize the antenna. Attitude Source Select DiscreteUse the IRS select switch to choose the ADIRU source to the WXR R/T.WXR R/T Antenna Contr

6、olThe WXR R/T sends signals to the WXR antenna assembly to control it and make it stable.Antenna Position MonitoringThe WXR antenna sends antenna position data to the WXR R/T for scan and elevation feedback.7一、平板天線(xiàn)平板天線(xiàn)由兩層薄型鋁合金平板及半板之間的隔板組成.天線(xiàn)的正面為開(kāi)有很多縫隙的輻射面，背面為圓形的平板。平行的輻射面與背板之間所裝設(shè)的縱向隔板，把平板天線(xiàn)分隔成若干個(gè)縱向列。

7、輻射面、背板及兩列相鄰隔板所圍成的空間，即形成了封閉的矩形波導(dǎo)。Con4-Antenna-2 平板天線(xiàn)及其波束特性8天線(xiàn)的正面為輻射面。輻射面上開(kāi)有若干列縱向的窄縫，每列縫隙由若干個(gè)形狀相同的縫隙組成。電磁能量由饋電口進(jìn)入天線(xiàn)背面的橫向饋電波導(dǎo)后，分成均衡的左、右兩路，以分別向兩側(cè)的各縱向波導(dǎo)饋電。Con4-Antenna-2 平板天線(xiàn)及其波束特性9二、平板天線(xiàn)的基本原理縫隙天線(xiàn)：當(dāng)在金屬波導(dǎo)的管壁上開(kāi)設(shè)縫隙時(shí)，只要所開(kāi)設(shè)的縫隙位于能夠截?cái)喙鼙陔娏鞯奈恢茫▽?dǎo)中的電磁能量就會(huì)通過(guò)所開(kāi)設(shè)的縫隙漏泄到空中產(chǎn)生輻射。這樣的縫隙，就等效于一個(gè)天線(xiàn)，稱(chēng)為縫隙天線(xiàn)。Con4-Antenna-2 平板天線(xiàn)及

8、其波束特性10平板天線(xiàn)的方向性：?jiǎn)我豢p隙天線(xiàn)的方向性與半波對(duì)稱(chēng)振于基本相同:平板縫隙天線(xiàn)陣的方向性與由很多個(gè)單元振子組成的平面陣列天線(xiàn)的方向性也是相似的。像單個(gè)對(duì)稱(chēng)振子一樣，單一的縫隙天線(xiàn)的方向性也較差。為獲取所需的強(qiáng)方向性，平板天線(xiàn)是由很多縫隙構(gòu)成的波導(dǎo)縫隙天線(xiàn)陣。WFA-701X天線(xiàn)共有656個(gè)輻射縫隙，分成30列，中間最長(zhǎng)的8列各有28個(gè)縱向縫隙輻射元，兩側(cè)最短的一列則只有8個(gè)縱向縫隙。各縫隙的位置成矩形排列，上下縫隙之間的間隔約為7.5mm，其中心距約為23.5mm。P-90雷達(dá)的天線(xiàn)口徑略小，共有26列縫隙，中心最長(zhǎng)的6列各有24個(gè)縱向縫隙，最短的兩側(cè)每列只有6個(gè)縫隙。Con4-An

9、tenna-2 平板天線(xiàn)及其波束特性1112Con4-Antenna-2 平板天線(xiàn)及其波束特性縫隙天線(xiàn)陣的方向性：把縫隙天線(xiàn)陣的每個(gè)縫隙元看成是一個(gè)等效的對(duì)稱(chēng)振子天線(xiàn)。設(shè)每一個(gè)縫隙天線(xiàn)的方向函數(shù)為F1,天線(xiàn)陣的陣函數(shù)為F2。天線(xiàn)陣的總方向性函數(shù)為元函數(shù)與陣函數(shù)之積，即同相饋電的平面縫隙陣在通過(guò)平板中心并垂直該平板天線(xiàn)的方向法線(xiàn)方向上具有最大輻射；在俯仰平面內(nèi)的方向函數(shù)與縱向的縫隙數(shù)(行數(shù))有關(guān)，而與橫向的縫隙數(shù)無(wú)關(guān)；同理，在水平面(x-y)平面內(nèi)的方向性與橫向的縫隙數(shù)(列數(shù))有關(guān)，而與縱向縫隙數(shù)(行數(shù))無(wú)關(guān)；增大列數(shù)和行數(shù)，即增大天線(xiàn)的面積，可以形成更尖銳的方向性波束。由此可知，平板天線(xiàn)陣能夠

10、在其法向形成最大輻射,天線(xiàn)的口徑越大，行列數(shù)越多，在最大輻射方向形成的波束越窄。Con4-Antenna-2 平板天線(xiàn)及其波束特性1314WXR Control panelThe weather radar (WXR) control panel has these functions:Mode selectionTilt controlGain control.15WXR Control panelMode selectionTEST - starts a self-test of the R/T and shows the test results on the NDsWX - R/T s

11、hows the weather data on the NDsWX/TURB - R/T shows weather and turbulence data on the NDs. The turbulence range is up to a maximum of 40 nautical miles (NM). If a range more than 40 NM is set on the EFIS control panel, the NDs show weather plus turbulence data up to a range of 40 NM and weather dat

12、a only beyond 40 NM.MAP - R/T shows ground and terrain features on the NDs16WXR Control panelMode selectionTEST - starts a self-test of the R/T and shows the test results on the NDsWX - R/T shows the weather modeWX+T - R/T shows weather and turbulence data on the NDs. The turbulence range is up to a

13、 maximum of 40 nautical miles (NM). If a range more than 40 NM is set on the EFIS control panel, the NDs show weather data only.MAP - R/T shows ground and terrain features on the NDsIDNT - starts ground clutter suppressionSTAB - push the stab switch to start stabilization of the antenna. Stabilizati

14、on corrects the antenna for aircraft attitude changes.17WXR Control panelMode selectionTEST - starts a self-test of the R/T and shows the test results on the NDsWX - R/T shows the weather modeWX+T - R/T shows weather and turbulence data on the NDs. The turbulence range is up to a maximum of 40 nauti

15、cal miles (NM). If a range more than 40 NM is set on the EFIS control panel, the NDs show weather data only.MAP - R/T shows ground and terrain features on the NDs.TFR - push the left transfer switch to transfer the right side mode, tilt, and gain to the left side display.18737NGMultiscanWXR-2100通過(guò)控制

16、板鑒別飛機(jī)安裝的Multiscan雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)（Boeing）WXR Control panel19通過(guò)控制板鑒別飛機(jī)安裝的Multiscan雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)（Airbus）WXR Control panel20WXR Control panel-CP-1B Dual Control Panel (B777)CaptainsMode SelectionFirst OfficersMode SelectionSystemControlCaptainsAltitude SelectionFirst OfficersAltitude Selection CaptainsGain ControlFirst Off

17、icersGain Control21WXR Control panel-CP-1B Dual Control Panel (B777)“L” or “R” Left or right radar system selection“TEST” = System test of Selected System“MAP” = Extended Ground Map mode“AUTO” = Automatic Weather Presentation mode“MAN” = Manual WX analysis mode: Constant Altitude, with value selecte

18、d via “ALT” knob“ALT” = 0-to-60,000 ft MSL (1000 ft increments) selection for Constant Altitude mode“GAIN” = System gain setting“MIN” vs. “CAL” vs. “MAX” = Minimum Vs. Calibrated Vs. Maximum position for system Gain settingCP-1B (Dual) Radar Control PanelCaptains and First Officers Modes/Selections

19、areCompletely Independent22EFIS Control panelSupplies the on and off control of the WXR R/TEnables the navigation displays (ND) to show WXR dataSupplies the selection of different ND modesSupplies the selection of different ranges for WXR data to show on the NDs.23EFIS Control panelWXR Map SwitchThe

20、 WXR R/T starts to operateThe WXR data shows on the on-side ND.To stop the operation of the WXR R/T, the WXR map switches on both EFIS control panels must be off.Mode Selector: to select an ND mode. A WXR display can show in these ND modes: Expanded APP (approach) mode; Expanded VOR mode; Expanded M

21、AP mode; Centered MAP mode.Range Selector: The EFIS control panel range selector has eight positions. The range selections are 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 NM. With the 640 NM range selection, the 640 NM range shows on the ND. But the WXR R/T only shows weather displays out to a maximum rang

22、e of 320 NM.NOTE: You can also push the TERR switch on the EFIS control panel to make the WXR system go off.24DISPLAYDisplay ModesExpanded approachExpanded VORCenter MAPExpanded MAPWXR System Display DataWXR dataWXR system messagesWXR alert messagesWXR Displays. The WXR data on the ND shows the weat

23、her or the terrain in front of the airplane. Colors show the strength of the RF return signals from the weather or the terrain.Green - light weatherYellow - medium weatherRed - heavy weatherMagenta - turbulence.25DISPLAY26PWS-PWS Caution AreaPWS gives a caution if it detects a windshear threat in th

24、is area:Within 25 degrees on either side of the airplane projected magnetic headingMore than 0.5 nm but less than 3 nm ahead of the airplaneNot in the PWS warning area.PWS inhibits new windshear cautions during takeoff and approach if both of these conditions exist:Airspeed more than 80 knotsLess th

25、an 400 feet radio altitudeAll PWS alerts are inhibited above 1200 feet radio altitude.27PWS-PWS Warning AreaDuring takeoff, PWS gives a warning if it detects a windshear threat in this area:Less than 0.25 NM on either side of the airplane projected magnetic headingMore than 0.5 NM but less than 3 nm

26、 ahead of the airplane.During approach, PWS gives a warning if it detects a windshear threat in this area:Less than 0.25 NM on either side of the airplane projected magnetic headingMore than 0.5 NM but less than 1.5 nm ahead of the airplane.PWS inhibits new windshear warnings during takeoff and appr

27、oach if both of these conditions exist:Airspeed more than 100 knotsLess than 50 feet radio altitude.28PWS29Windshear(WXR2100 Detection Zones Boeing aircraft)Approach and Go AroundTake Off3 nm0.25 nm0.25 nm30300.25 nm0.25 nmWarningCautionWeather Detection Region5 nm3 nm30305 nm30Approach and Go Aroun

28、dTake Off3 nm0.25 nm0.25 nm3030Windshear(WXR2100 Detection Zones Airbus aircraft)0.25 nm0.25 nmWarningCautionAdvisoryWeather Detection Region5 nm3 nm30305 nm31PWS DISPLAYPWS uses this data to detect windshear:Doppler radar returnsInertial dataAir data.System On/Off Takeoff. PWS turns on when the air

29、plane is on the ground and has one of these conditions:Throttles move through 53 degreesFlight crew pushes the WXR button on an EFIS control panel.System On/Off Approach. PWS turns on automatically when the airplane descends below 2300 feet radio altitude.If PWS is on and WXR is not selected on the EFIS CP, all antenna sweeps search for windshear. If WXR is selected, the antenna uses one sweep to search for windshear and the other sweep to search for normal weather returns. 32PWS DISPLAY33WXR System Alert Messages