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1、中國科技論文在線- PAGE 7 - FORMTEXT 聚乙二醇1000維生素E琥珀酸酯修飾阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的制備和性質(zhì)基金項目:浙江省自然科學基金資助項目(Y206534) FORMTEXT 王文喜1, FORMTEXT 張楠1, FORMTEXT 單偉光1, FORMTEXT 高建清2, FORMTEXT 梁文權(quán)2作者簡介:王文喜,男,副教授通信聯(lián)系人:張楠(1985),男,碩士. E-mail: SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET

2、 version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET bkCompanyEN Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058;Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058

3、 * MERGEFORMATZhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058;Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058SET bkCompanyCHN 浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014;浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014;浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,31

4、0014;浙江大學,杭州,310058;浙江大學,杭州,310058 * MERGEFORMAT浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014;浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014;浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014;浙江大學,杭州,310058;浙江大學,杭州,310058SET bkPostcode 310014;310014; * MERGEFORMAT310014;310014;SET bkMobile13666609235; * MERGEFORMA13666609235;SET bkTelphone 057188320722;057984189823

5、; * MERGEFORMAT057188320722;057984189823;SET bkAddress 浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū);浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū); * MERGEFORMAT浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū);浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū);SET bkEmail yjw;swg; * MERGEFORMATyjw;swg;SET bkIntroduction 王文喜,男,副教授;張楠(1985),男,碩士; * MERGEFORMAT王文喜,男,副教授;張楠(1985),男,碩士;SET bkAuthorCHN 王文喜;張楠;單偉光;高建清;梁文權(quán) * MERGEFORMAT王文喜;張楠;單偉光;高建清;梁

6、文權(quán)SET bkAuthorEN Wang Wenxi;Zhang Nan;Shan Weiguang;Gao jianqing;Liang Wenquan * MERGEFORMATWang Wenxi;Zhang Nan;Shan Weiguang;Gao jianqing;Liang WenquanSET bkContact 張楠 * MERGEFORMAT張楠SET bkFund 浙江省自然科學基金資助項目(Y206534) * MERGEFORMAT浙江省自然科學基金資助項目(Y206534)SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.

7、5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET version 1.5 * MERGEFORMAT1.5SET bkReferencesInfo 1*|*期刊*|*Liang X, Mao G, Ng KYS. Mechanical properties and stability measurement of cholesterol-conta

8、ining liposome on mica by atomic force microscopy J. J.Colloid Interface Sci,2004,278(1):53-62.2*|*期刊*|*Torchilin VP, Levchenko TS, Whiteman KR, et al. Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidones: : synthesis, properties and liposome surface modificationJ. Biomaterials, 2001,22(22):3035-44.3*|*期刊*|*Shehata

9、 T, Ogawara K-i, Higaki K, et al. Prolongation of residence time of liposome by surface-modification with mixture of hydrophilic polymersJ. Int.J.Pharm,2008,359(1-2):272-9.4*|*期刊*|*Zhu J, Yan F, Guo Z, et al. Surface modification of liposomes by saccharides: Vesicle size and stability of lactosyl li

10、posomes studied by photon correlation spectroscopyJ. J.Colloid Interface Sci, 2005,289(2):542-50.5*|*期刊*|*Ke W-T, Lin S-Y, Ho H-O, et al. Physical characterizations of microemulsion systems using tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a surfactant for the oral delivery of protein dr

11、ugsJ. J.Controlled Release,2005,102(2):489-507.6*|*期刊*|*Shin S-C, Kim J. Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersion of furosemide with TPGSJ. Int.J.Pharm, 2003,251(1-2):79-84.7*|*期刊*|*Bansal T, Akhtar N, Jaggi M, et al. Novel formulation approaches for optimising delivery of anticancer dru

12、gs based on P-glycoprotein modulationJ. Drug Discovery Today 2009,14(21-22):1067-74.8*|*期刊*|*Wempe MF, Wright C, Little JL, et al. Inhibiting efflux with novel non-ionic surfactants: Rational design based on vitamin E TPGSJ. Int.J.Pharm, 2009,370(1-2):93-102.9*|*期刊*|*Barenholz Y. Liposome applicatio

13、n: problems and prospectsJ. Curr Opin. Colloid Interface Sci, 2001,6(1):66-77.10*|*期刊*|*Fritze A, Hens F, Kimpfler A, et al. Remote loading of doxorubicin into liposomes driven by a transmembrane phosphate gradientJ. BBA - Biomembranes 2006,1758(10):1633-40.11*|*期刊*|*Chen C, Han D, Cai C, et al. An

14、overview of liposome lyophilization and its future potentialJ. J.Controlled Release,142(3):299-311.12*|*期刊*|*Wang S-n, Deng Y-h, Xu H, et al. Synthesis of a novel galactosylated lipid and its application to the hepatocyte-selective targeting of liposomal doxorubicinJ. Eur J Phar Biophar, 2006,62(1):

15、32-8 * MERGEFORMAT1*|*期刊*|*Liang X, Mao G, Ng KYS. Mechanical properties and stability measurement of cholesterol-containing liposome on mica by atomic force microscopy J. J.Colloid Interface Sci,2004,278(1):53-62.2*|*期刊*|*Torchilin VP, Levchenko TS, Whiteman KR, et al. Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrro

16、lidones: : synthesis, properties and liposome surface modificationJ. Biomaterials, 2001,22(22):3035-44.3*|*期刊*|*Shehata T, Ogawara K-i, Higaki K, et al. Prolongation of residence time of liposome by surface-modification with mixture of hydrophilic polymersJ. Int.J.Pharm,2008,359(1-2):272-9.4*|*期刊*|*

17、Zhu J, Yan F, Guo Z, et al. Surface modification of liposomes by saccharides: Vesicle size and stability of lactosyl liposomes studied by photon correlation spectroscopyJ. J.Colloid Interface Sci, 2005,289(2):542-50.5*|*期刊*|*Ke W-T, Lin S-Y, Ho H-O, et al. Physical characterizations of microemulsion

18、 systems using tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a surfactant for the oral delivery of protein drugsJ. J.Controlled Release,2005,102(2):489-507.6*|*期刊*|*Shin S-C, Kim J. Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersion of furosemide with TPGSJ. Int.J.Pharm, 2003,251(1-2):79

19、-84.7*|*期刊*|*Bansal T, Akhtar N, Jaggi M, et al. Novel formulation approaches for optimising delivery of anticancer drugs based on P-glycoprotein modulationJ. Drug Discovery Today 2009,14(21-22):1067-74.8*|*期刊*|*Wempe MF, Wright C, Little JL, et al. Inhibiting efflux with novel non-ionic surfactants

20、: Rational design based on vitamin E TPGSJ. Int.J.Pharm, 2009,370(1-2):93-102.9*|*期刊*|*Barenholz Y. Liposome application: problems and prospectsJ. Curr Opin. Colloid Interface Sci, 2001,6(1):66-77.10*|*期刊*|*Fritze A, Hens F, Kimpfler A, et al. Remote loading of doxorubicin into liposomes driven by a

21、 transmembrane phosphate gradientJ. BBA - Biomembranes 2006,1758(10):1633-40.11*|*期刊*|*Chen C, Han D, Cai C, et al. An overview of liposome lyophilization and its future potentialJ. J.Controlled Release,142(3):299-311.12*|*期刊*|*Wang S-n, Deng Y-h, Xu H, et al. Synthesis of a novel galactosylated lip

22、id and its application to the hepatocyte-selective targeting of liposomal doxorubicinJ. Eur J Phar Biophar, 2006,62(1):32-8SET bkAuthorsInfo |1|王文喜|Wang Wenxi|浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014|Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014|王文喜,男,副教授|浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū)|310014|yjw|057188320722|2|張楠|Zhang Nan|浙

23、江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014|Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014|張楠(1985),男,碩士|浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū)|310014|0579841898233|單偉光|Shan Weiguang|浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014|Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014|swg|4|高建清|Gao jianqing|浙江大學,杭州,310058|Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058|5|梁文權(quán)|Liang Wen

24、quan|浙江大學,杭州,310058|Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058| * MERGEFORMAT|1|王文喜|Wang Wenxi|浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014|Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014|王文喜,男,副教授|浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū)|310014|yjw|057188320722|2|張楠|Zhang Nan|浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014|Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014|張楠(1

25、985),男,碩士|浙江工業(yè)大學朝暉校區(qū)|310014|0579841898233|單偉光|Shan Weiguang|浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014|Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014|swg|4|高建清|Gao jianqing|浙江大學,杭州,310058|Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058|5|梁文權(quán)|Liang Wenquan|浙江大學,杭州,310058|Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058|SET bkTitleIn

26、fo 聚乙二醇1000維生素E琥珀酸酯修飾阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的制備和性質(zhì)|Preparation and characterization of TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes|浙江省自然科學基金資助項目(Y206534) * MERGEFORMAT聚乙二醇1000維生素E琥珀酸酯修飾阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的制備和性質(zhì)|Preparation and characterization of TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes|浙江省自然科學基金資助項目(Y206534)(1. 浙江工業(yè)大學,杭州,310014;2. 浙江大學,杭州,3

27、10058)SET bkTitleInfo * MERGEFORMAT SET bkAuthorsInfo * MERGEFORMAT 摘要: FORMTEXT 目的 制備聚乙二醇1000維生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS)修飾的脂質(zhì)體,并對其理化性質(zhì)進行考察。方法 采用硫酸銨梯度法制備阿霉素脂質(zhì)體,陽離子交換樹脂吸附法測定藥物包封率,用透析法測定其體外釋放,透射電鏡觀察脂質(zhì)體形態(tài),激光粒度測定儀測定粒度分布和Zeta電勢,并考查了脂質(zhì)體穩(wěn)定常數(shù)Ke、藥物泄漏率以及胎牛血清對脂質(zhì)體粒度的影響。結(jié)果 TPGS修飾的脂質(zhì)體形態(tài)規(guī)整,藥物包封率為952.13%(n=3);zeta電位為-3.06mv,平均粒

28、徑為68.7nm,多分散指數(shù)為0.186;TPGS修飾后能顯著提高脂質(zhì)體的貯藏以及在血清中的穩(wěn)定性,大大降低藥物泄漏率,而體外釋放快于普通脂質(zhì)體。結(jié)論:TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。關(guān)鍵詞: FORMTEXT 脂質(zhì)體;TPGS;阿霉素;穩(wěn)定性中圖分類號: FORMTEXT R94SET bkAuthorsInfo * MERGEFORMAT SET bkTitleInfo * MERGEFORMAT FORMTEXT Preparation and characterization of TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes FO

29、RMTEXT Wang Wenxi1, FORMTEXT Zhang Nan1, FORMTEXT Shan Weiguang1, FORMTEXT Gao jianqing2, FORMTEXT Liang Wenquan2(1. Zhejiang university of technology,Hangzhou,310014;2. Zhejiang university ,Hangzhou,310058)Abstract: FORMTEXT OBJECTIVE To prepare doxorubicin liposomes modified by TPGS1000, and inves

30、tigate their physicochemical properties. METHODS Liposomes were prepared by thin-film ultrasonic technology, the doxorubicin was remotely loaded by (NH4)2SO4-gradiend method.The encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin was determined via cationic resin absorption. Drug release in vitro was carried ou

31、t with dialysis bag; the morphological characterization of liposomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy; particle size distribution and zeta potential were determined by laser nanoparticles size analyzer; stability constant(Ke), drug leakage and the influence of fetal bovine serum on t

32、he particle size distribution was also investigated. RESULTS TPGS-modified liposomes exhibited uniform shape with high drug encapsulation efficiency of 952.13%(n=3). The Zeta potential was about -3.06 mv and mean diameter was 68.7nm with polydispersity index of 0.186. Compared to conventional doxoru

33、bicin liposomes, the modified liposomes exhibited significant stability during storage as well as in serum. TPGS reduced drug leakage from liposomes during storage in spite of enhancing the release in vitro. CONCLUSION Doxorubicin liposomes modified by TPGS showed favorable stability and good prospe

34、ct.Key words: FORMTEXT liposome; TPGS; doxorubicin; stability引言脂質(zhì)體由于具有良好的靶向性、緩釋性、細胞親和性等優(yōu)點,已廣泛用于抗腫瘤藥物、抗寄生蟲藥物、抗結(jié)核、抗菌藥物、激素類、蛋白多肽以及基因治療藥物等的載體。然而由磷脂和膽固醇組成的脂質(zhì)體為熱力學不穩(wěn)定體系,在體內(nèi)外的穩(wěn)定性很差,嚴重限制了其臨床應(yīng)用和工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)1。為此,近年來很多學者采用各種高聚物來修飾脂質(zhì)體以提高其穩(wěn)定性,取得了良好的效果2 3 4。本文擬采用維生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)來修飾脂質(zhì)體,考察其對阿霉素脂質(zhì)體理化性能的影響。TPGS是一種維生素E

35、的水溶性衍生物,由維生素E琥珀酸和聚乙二醇酯化而成,是一種性能優(yōu)良的非離子型表面活性劑,在制劑中可作為增溶劑、吸收促進劑、乳化劑、增塑劑以及固體分散體的載體5 6。近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)其對P-gp有抑制作用,可有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤細胞的多藥耐藥性7 8,已廣泛用于抗腫瘤藥物的傳遞系統(tǒng)中。儀器和試劑SpectraMax M2e多功能酶標儀(美國分子儀器公司);JEM透射電子顯微鏡(日本電子公司);RE-52旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(上海亞榮生化儀器廠);SHB- = 3 * ROMAN IIIA循環(huán)水式多用真空泵(河南省太康科教器材廠);JY92超聲細胞粉碎機(寧波新芝科技研究所); DelsaNano激光粒度測定儀(Bec

36、kman公司);TGL-16G高速離心機(上海安亭科學儀器廠);大豆卵磷脂 S100(德國Lipoid公司);膽固醇(國藥集團化學試劑有限公司) ;阿霉素(浙江海正藥業(yè)有限公司);TPGS(新昌制藥廠);其它試劑均為分析純。方法和結(jié)果TPGS修飾的鹽酸阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的制備工藝精密稱取卵磷脂400 mg,TPGS200 mg,膽固醇100 mg,用20 mL乙醇超聲溶解,于旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀上減壓蒸發(fā)成膜(溫度32),加入0.3 M硫酸銨溶液10mL,劇烈震搖使膜脫落,50 水化2h,冰浴下用細胞破碎儀探頭超聲200次(工作功率450 w,工作時間3 s,間隔時間3 s),室溫冷卻并放置4 h后,轉(zhuǎn)移至透

37、析袋中,在1000 mL含10%蔗糖水溶液中室溫透析24h,用10%蔗糖的水溶液稀釋至25 mL,與2 mgmL-1鹽酸阿霉素的10%蔗糖溶液等體積混合,40孵育1.5h,即制得含TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體。包封率的測定標準曲線繪制精密吸取0.750,0.625,0.500,0.375,0.250,0.125 mL鹽酸阿霉素標準貯備液(1 mgmL-1)于25 mL量瓶中,加80%的酸性乙醇(含0.1M HCl)至刻度,配成濃度分別為30,25,20,15,10 ,5gmL-1標準溶液,以80%酸性乙醇為空白,在495 nm處測其吸光度,以吸光度對濃度作圖,求得標準曲線方程為A=0.0224C

38、-0.0014,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.9998。方法精密度試驗精密配制10,20,30 gmL-1 3個濃度,每一濃度配制3份,測定其日內(nèi)精密度,計算RSD分別為1.09%,0.15%,0.37%(n=3)。同法測定其日間精密度,RSD分別為0.77%,0.6%,0.47%(n=3)。加樣回收率試驗精密吸取1 mgmL-1鹽酸阿霉素標準貯備液,并加入0.5 mL空白脂質(zhì)體,用酸性乙醇溶液溶解稀釋成10,20,30 gmL-1溶液,每一濃度配制3份,以酸性乙醇溶液為空白,在495 nm測定吸收度,計算回收率分別為100.4%,100.6%和100.3%;RSD分別為0.9%,0.22% 和0.3% (

39、n=3)。 陽離子交換樹脂柱測包封率精密移取阿霉素脂質(zhì)體1 mL,滴入陽離子交換樹脂柱中,緩慢放出柱里面的部分水,使脂質(zhì)體與陽離子柱充分接觸,放置5 min,用去離子水洗脫,收集10 mL洗脫液于50 mL容量瓶中,加入0.45 mL濃鹽酸并用無水乙醇至刻度,以80%酸性乙醇為空白,在495 nm測定波長,記作AE。另取脂質(zhì)體1mL于50mL容量瓶中,加入80%的酸性乙醇至刻度。以80%酸性乙醇為空白,在495 nm測定波長,記作AT ,按下式計算包封率:Encapsulation(%)=(AT-AE)/AT100%結(jié)果測得普通的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的包封率為981.33%(n=3);TPGS修飾的阿

40、霉素脂質(zhì)體的包封率為952.15%(n=3)粒徑、形態(tài)和Zeta電勢 阿霉素脂質(zhì)體粒徑和Zeta電位:取制備的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體用激光粒度測定儀測定其粒徑分布和Zeta電位,測定條件和參數(shù)設(shè)置如下:測定溫度為20 ,平衡時間5 min,介質(zhì)折光率為1.3478,粘度為1.336 mPas。TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體平均粒徑為68.7nm(圖1),聚分散指數(shù)為0.186,Zeta電位為-3.06mv;普通阿霉素脂質(zhì)體平均粒徑為107.5nm,聚分散指數(shù)為0.176,Zeta電位為-2.84mv。 A B圖1阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的粒徑分布(以光強計) A TPGS修飾阿霉素脂質(zhì)體 B 普通阿霉素脂質(zhì)體Fig.1

41、 Size distribution of TPGS-modified and conventional doxorubicin liposomes counted by intensity A TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes B Conventional doxorubicin liposomes 阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的形態(tài)取脂質(zhì)體滴加于銅網(wǎng)上,用濾紙從銅網(wǎng)邊緣吸去多余液體,滴加3%的磷鎢酸溶液進行負染,吸干負染液,自然風干,置于透射電鏡下觀察脂質(zhì)體的形態(tài)并拍照。結(jié)果見圖2,從圖2中可看出本法所制得的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體形態(tài)規(guī)整,幾呈球形,采用TPGS修飾后,脂質(zhì)體的

42、粒徑明顯變小,與激光粒度測定儀測定的粒徑結(jié)果基本一致。 A B圖2阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的投射電鏡照片(50000倍數(shù))A TPGS修飾阿霉素脂質(zhì)體 B 普通阿霉素脂質(zhì)體Fig.2 Transmission electron microgram of TPGS-modified and conventional doxorubicin liposomesA TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes B Conventional doxorubicin liposomes穩(wěn)定常數(shù)的測定 采用離心法測定脂質(zhì)體懸液的穩(wěn)定常數(shù)Ke值。阿霉素脂質(zhì)體懸液以5000 rmin-1離心30

43、 min,離心后的懸液在590 nm下測定吸光度,記作A1;取未離心的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體,在590nm下測定吸光度,記作A0;按下式計算穩(wěn)定常數(shù):Ke=(A0-A1)/ A1100%Ke值越小,脂質(zhì)體越穩(wěn)定。結(jié)果測得TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體和普通阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的Ke值分別為28.71.6%和40.21.1%(n=3),表明TPGS修飾后可提高脂質(zhì)體的物理穩(wěn)定性。阿霉素脂質(zhì)體釋放度阿霉素熒光標準曲線精密配置100 gmL-1的阿霉素HEPES 緩沖液(HBS, pH7.4),分別移取3,1.5,0.75,0.45,0.15 mL用HBS定容到50mL,配成6,3,1.5,0.9,0.3 gmL-1的標

44、準溶液,取標準溶液5 mL,加10 mL酸性乙醇混勻,用熒光分光光度計測定熒光強度(Ex為480 nm,Em為590 nm),以熒光強度對濃度作圖,求得阿霉素的熒光標準曲線方程為F=237.11C+7.8463, r=0.9994,表明在0.12g/mL濃度范圍內(nèi),阿霉素的熒光強度和濃度間的線性良好。阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的體外釋放取脂質(zhì)體1mL放入透析袋內(nèi)兩頭夾緊,置于含200 mL pH7.4的HBS緩沖液的錐形瓶中,于37 的恒溫振蕩器中振蕩,于規(guī)定時間點取透析液5mL,用2倍體積的酸性乙醇(80% 0.1M HCL)稀釋,測定熒光強度,計算阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的累積釋放量。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)制成脂質(zhì)體后,阿霉素的

45、體外釋放大大降低,TPGS修飾脂質(zhì)體的體外釋藥速率明顯快于普通的脂質(zhì)體(圖3)。圖3 阿霉素脂質(zhì)體體外釋放曲線1:TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體() 2:普通的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體()Fig.3 Release profile in vitro of TPGS-modified and conventional doxorubicin liposomes1:TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes() 2:Conventional doxorubicin liposomes()阿霉素脂質(zhì)體在胎牛血清中的穩(wěn)定性將脂質(zhì)體和胎牛血清1:1(V:V)混合,兩天后觀察其變化,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)普

46、通的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體濁度變大,而TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體依舊透亮。按2.3.1測定其粒徑分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)普通阿霉素脂質(zhì)體在6001700nm出現(xiàn)了一個新的峰(圖4),平均粒徑從107.5nm增大到124.6nm,說明普通阿霉素脂質(zhì)體在胎牛血清中發(fā)生了聚集,而TPGS修飾的脂質(zhì)體在血清中幾無改變,表明TPGS修飾后能顯著提高脂質(zhì)體在血清中的穩(wěn)定性。圖4阿霉素脂質(zhì)體在胎牛血清中的粒徑分布Fig.4 Size distribution of TPGS-modified and conventional doxorubicin liposomes counted by intensity in fetal c

47、alf serum 1 TPGS-modified doxorubicin liposomes() 2 Conventional doxorubicin liposomes()阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的滲漏率把制好的脂質(zhì)體置于冰箱4保存,分別于0.5,1,2,3個月后重新測定阿霉素的包封率,方法同2.2.4。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)2個月后,普通脂質(zhì)體中阿霉素的包封率急劇下降,滲漏非常嚴重,而TPGS修飾的脂質(zhì)體中阿霉素的包封率幾無改變,表明TPGS能顯著提高阿霉素的穩(wěn)定性(圖5)。圖5阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的泄漏率比較1:TPGS修飾的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體() 2:普通的阿霉素脂質(zhì)體()Fig.5 comparison of leaka

48、ge profile of TPGS modified doxorubicin liposome and conventional doxorubicin liposomes1:TPGS modified doxorubicin liposomes() 2:Conventional doxorubicin liposomes()結(jié)果討論硫酸銨梯度法制備阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的原理:由于NH3的滲透系數(shù)1.310-1 cms-1較H+(10-310-8 cms-1)和SO42 (約1012 cms-1)大9,在脂質(zhì)體內(nèi)外硫酸銨的濃度梯度下,NH3不斷外流,使得脂質(zhì)體內(nèi)部酸化,形成“質(zhì)子池”,阿霉素透膜進入

49、脂質(zhì)體內(nèi)水相后質(zhì)子化并與SO42形成膠質(zhì)沉淀,減少向外水相的擴散,并驅(qū)使重新平衡的外水相阿霉素繼續(xù)擴散進入脂質(zhì)體內(nèi)部10,使得阿霉素的包封率可達90%以上。TPGS可改變磷脂雙分子層的排布,降低其相變溫度,使得通透性增加,因此在制備過程中若透析時間過長或者溫度過高,都能使內(nèi)水相硫酸銨的泄漏和內(nèi)外pH梯度差的減小,而使得包封率的下降,如本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)60下孵育1.5h的包封率為88.32.2%(n=3)。本研究過程中還發(fā)現(xiàn)外水相介質(zhì)對阿霉素脂質(zhì)體的穩(wěn)定性有較大的影響,當選用pH7.4的HBS作為外水相介質(zhì)時,一星期內(nèi)的泄漏率超過40%,而用10%蔗糖作為外水相時,其滲漏率大大減小,這可能是與蔗糖溶

50、液的粘度,密度,“水置換”等作用有關(guān)。另外蔗糖可作為脂質(zhì)體的凍干保護劑,可將制得的脂質(zhì)體直接凍干,而無需加入其它保護劑,減少凍干添加劑對脂質(zhì)體性能的影響11。脂質(zhì)體包封率的測定方法有分子排阻法(凝膠柱分離法),超速離心法,超濾法,透析法等。葡聚糖凝膠柱分離法存在藥品稀釋大、耗時長等缺點,冷凍超速離心法需要設(shè)備要求高,而超濾法對于易變形或小粒徑的脂質(zhì)體也有不同程度的濾過。本實驗采用陽離子交換樹脂吸附游離藥物,使含藥脂質(zhì)體和游離藥物有效分離而測得藥物包封率,具有操作簡單、耗時短、成本低等優(yōu)點12,可用于弱堿性藥物脂質(zhì)體包封率的測定,但需要注意的是所用的磷脂必須是中性或負電性,不可用于陽離子型脂質(zhì)。

51、TPGS是由美國Eastman公司最先開發(fā)出來的一種水溶性維生素E,已被美國藥典收載,在國外已廣泛應(yīng)用于各種制劑研究,但將其作為脂質(zhì)體的修飾材料尚未見報道。本研究結(jié)果表明TPGS修飾后能顯著減少貯存期間的藥物滲漏,提高脂質(zhì)體在血清穩(wěn)定性的穩(wěn)定性,這可能是因為TPGS有聚乙二醇的親水鏈增加脂質(zhì)體親水性,避免了或減少了血清中蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合。至于TPGS對脂質(zhì)體的體內(nèi)循環(huán)時間和組織分布的影響需要進一步的研究。參考文獻 (References) FORMTEXT 1 Liang X, Mao G, Ng KYS. Mechanical properties and stability measuremen

52、t of cholesterol-containing liposome on mica by atomic force microscopy J. J.Colloid Interface Sci,2004,278(1):53-62.2 Torchilin VP, Levchenko TS, Whiteman KR, et al. Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidones: : synthesis, properties and liposome surface modificationJ. Biomaterials, 2001,22(22):3035-44.3 Shehata T, Oga

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