歷年考研英語真題集含答案(word版)

1、2013年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the followi ng text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at con sideri ng backgro und in formatio n whe n maki ng in dividual decisi ons. At

2、first gla nce this might seem like a stre ngth that 1 the ability to make judgme nts which are un biased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Sim on soh n speculated that an in ability to con sider the bg 3 was leadi ng decisio n-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4

3、 , he theorised that a judged of appeari ng too soft_6 crime might be more likely to send some one to pris on 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8this idea, he tur ned to the uni versity-admissi ons process. In theory,_the 9 of an applica nt shou

4、ld not depe nd on the few others 10 ran domly for in terview duri ng the same day, but Dr Simon soh n suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA in terviews, 12 by 31 admissio ns officers. The in terviewers had 13 applica nts on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 nu merous fa

5、ctors in to con siderati on. The scores were 15 used in conj un cti on with an applica nts score on the Graduate Man ageme nt Admissio n Test, or GMAT, a sta ndardised exam which is 16 out of 800 poin ts, to make a decisi on on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simon soh n found if the score of the pr

6、evious can didate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the n ext applica nt would 18 by an average of 0.075 poin ts. This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a can didate would n eed 30 more GMAT poin

7、ts than would otherwise have been 20 .1. A grant B submits C transmits D delivers2. A minor Bobjective C crucial D external3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A For example B On average C In principleD Above all5. A fo nd Bfearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B on C to D for7. A if Buntil C t

8、hough D unless8. A promote Bemphasize C share D test9. A decisi on B quality C status D success10. A chosen Bstupid Cfound D identified11. A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise12. A in spired Bexpressed C con ducted D secured13. A assig ned Brated C matched D arra nged14. A put Bgot C

9、gave D took15. Ainstead Bthen C ever D rather16. Aselected Bpassed C marked D in troduced17. Abefore B after C above D below18. A jump B float C drop D fluctuate19. Aachieve Bundo C maintain Ddisregard20. A promising B possible C necessary D helpfulSection n Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Rea

10、d the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each

11、 of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside a

12、nd outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.s globaYet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today challenges including climate change, security,sustainable develo

13、pment and health.(41) Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicatehunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) This is a shamethe community should b

14、e grasping the opportunity toraise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather th

15、an on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“ environmental changed ” or “ climate change ” have increased rapidly since2004,(43) When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the ef

16、fects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44) this is anadequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientist

17、s who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today s economclimate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon

18、2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45) That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to developprojects aimed dire

19、ctly at solving global problems.A It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.B However,the numbers are still small:in

20、 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.C the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; a

21、nd inclusive, innovative and secure societies.D the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.E These issues all have

22、root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.F Despite these fac

23、tors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .G During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions