句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法

1、5 句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法15 句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法 所謂句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法，是把句子的某一成分（如主語）譯成另一成分，（如賓語等）。在多數(shù)情況下，詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯必然導(dǎo)致句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯，例如：當(dāng)英語的動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的名詞或副詞時，該動詞的謂語成分也就相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的主語、賓語或狀語等。 成分轉(zhuǎn)換的目的是使譯文通順，符合漢語習(xí)慣。 例句： It is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully satisfied. 這是由于雙鍵上的一對電子不具有充分飽和的鍵合性質(zhì)。 分句

2、中主語：“the bounding properties ”轉(zhuǎn)譯為賓語； 分句中定語：“one pair of electrons ”轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語； 分句中狀語：“in the double bond ”轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語； 分句中表語：“are satisfied”轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語。21 主語的轉(zhuǎn)譯例句： The following definitions apply to the terms used in this specification. 本說明所用的一些術(shù)語定義如下。 （主語謂語） Evaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solutio

3、ns rather than forming and building crystals. 蒸發(fā)著重于將溶液濃縮，而不是生成和析出晶體。 （主語謂語） Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency for water to separate their molecules into ions. 有機(jī)化合物不溶于水，因?yàn)樗疀]有將它們的分子分離成離子的傾向。 （主語賓語） Methane is less than half as heavy a water. 甲烷的密度不到水的一半。 （主語定語） W

4、hen a copper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte, very few of its atoms dissolve. 當(dāng)將銅極片置于硫酸電解液中時，幾乎沒有銅 原子溶解。 （主語狀語） 32 謂語的轉(zhuǎn)譯例句:Thus, an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction. 因此，酸與堿的反應(yīng)是一個質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移的反應(yīng)。 （謂語主語） The past few decades have been characterized by prodigious expansion of

5、 the organic-chemical industry. 過去數(shù)十年的特征是有機(jī)化學(xué)工業(yè)得到了驚人的發(fā)展。 (謂語主語） The melting point of alkanes are rather irregular at first, but tend to rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger. 烷烴的熔點(diǎn)起初很不規(guī)則，但隨著分子的增大，則有些穩(wěn)步上升的趨勢。 （謂語賓語） 43 賓語的轉(zhuǎn)譯例句：TNT has high explosive power. (TNT=trinitrotoluene) TNT 的爆

6、炸力很大。 （賓語主語） It is assumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensers. 可以設(shè)想，電容器即使漏電，也是很少的。 (賓語主語） Light makes vision possible. 有了光，才能看見東西。 (賓語謂語）4 表語的轉(zhuǎn)譯Matter is anything that occupies space. 凡占有空間的都是物質(zhì)。 （表語主語）In this sense structure analysis is common to most organic research. 從這個意義

7、上講，結(jié)構(gòu)分析普遍應(yīng)用于大多數(shù)的有機(jī)研究。 （表語謂語）55 定語的轉(zhuǎn)譯There are two groups of metals: pure metals and their alloys. 金屬有兩大類：純金屬及其合金。（定語主語）Many factors enter into equipment reliability. 涉及設(shè)備可靠性的因素很多。（定語謂語）Automatic machines having many advantages can only do the jobs they have been “told” to do. 自動化機(jī)器雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它們只能干人們“吩

8、咐”它們要干的是事。 （定語狀語從句）Benzene can undergo the typical substitution reactions of halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel -Crafts reaction. 苯可以進(jìn)行典型的取代反應(yīng)，如鹵化，硝化，磺化和傅氏反應(yīng)。 （定語同位語）66 狀語的轉(zhuǎn)譯例句：When oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nitric acid, a chemical reaction occurs. 當(dāng)水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸時

9、，就發(fā)生了化學(xué)反應(yīng)。 （狀語主語） When a spring is tightly stretched, it is ready to do work. 拉緊的彈簧隨時可以做功。 （狀語從句主語） TNT is simple and relatively safe to manufacture. 制造TNT簡單而且比較安全。 （狀語謂語） In the simplest chemical cell the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid in water. 在最簡單的化學(xué)電池內(nèi)，電解液是硫酸的水溶液。 (狀語定語） The attract

10、ive force between the molecules is negligibly small. 分子間的吸引力小得可以忽略不計(jì)。 （狀語補(bǔ)語）7 8 What Are the Distinguishing Features of the Chemical Industry? 化學(xué)工業(yè)的顯著特點(diǎn)是什么？ 8distinguishing 有區(qū)別的ammonia 氨 NH3 ammonia liquor 氨水a(chǎn)mmonium 銨 NH4+ammonium hydroxide 氫氧化銨 NH4OH ammonium chloride 氯化銨 NH4Cl ammonium sulfate 硫酸

11、銨 (NH4)2SO4 ammonium nitrate 硝酸銨 NH4NO3anesthetic 麻醉劑，麻醉的laughing gas笑氣 = nitrous oxide 氧化亞氮 N2O9radical 數(shù)學(xué) 根 e.g. 3 and -3 are radicals of 9. 化學(xué) 基，基團(tuán)，原子團(tuán) e.g. aromatic radical 芳(族)基 hydroxide radical 羥基 ，氫氧根 語言 詞根 adj 基本的, 根本的; 重要的, 主要的; 固有的 完全的, 徹底的 激進(jìn)的, 極端的, 過激的 Keep .abreast of . 保持與.并列10 In the

12、 case of ammonium nitrate, natural components of the atmosphere (nitrogen, oxygen) and the earth (coal, natural gas, water) are converted into a substance which can be used as a fertilizer, an explosive, and as a reactant in preparation of a widely used general anesthetic. 就硝酸銨而言， 大氣（氮?dú)狻⒀鯕猓┖屯恋兀?、天然?/p>

13、、水）的自然組分被轉(zhuǎn)化成一種這樣的物質(zhì)：它既可用作化肥、炸藥，也可勝任制備廣譜性麻醉劑的原料。11Another feature of the chemical industry which becomes evident is its ability to use radically new approaches to solve problems of supply.化學(xué)工業(yè)另一個顯著特點(diǎn)是能夠以全新的方法解決供應(yīng)問題。12 The expansion of nitrogen-containing fertilizer production, essential to keeping fo

14、od supplies abreast of population increases, was accomplished by developing a revolutionary, low-cost method of producing ammonia from abundant atmospheric nitrogen.氮肥生產(chǎn)的擴(kuò)大，基本上使糧食的供應(yīng)與人口的增長相適應(yīng)，這一偉大成就是由通過開發(fā)一種革命性的、低成本的、由取之不盡用之不竭之大氣中的氮合成氨來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。13natural gas 天然氣water gas 水煤氣 C+H2O = CO + H2coke-oven gas 焦

15、爐煤氣 ，簡稱COGblast furnace gas 高爐煤氣，簡稱BFGproducer gas 發(fā)生爐煤氣。簡稱PGHaber process 哈伯制氨法 N2+3H2=2NH3built-in capacity 內(nèi)在的能力nitrogen fertilizer 氮肥phosphorus fertilizer 磷肥potassium fertilizer 鉀肥conservation 保護(hù)，保持，節(jié)約，守恒14The three alternate sources of hydrogen for the Harper process (natural gas, water gas, co

16、ke-oven gas) illustrate the flexibility which is typical of many of the processes used by the chemical industry.哈伯制氨法的三個可替代的氫源（天然氣、水煤氣、焦?fàn)t煤氣）說明了其靈活性，這在化學(xué)工業(yè)中所采用的許多工藝中具有典型性。15 This built-in capacity for interchange raw materials engenders efficiency, keeps cost low and often permits conservation of nat

17、ural resources. 這種互換原料的內(nèi)在能力產(chǎn)生效率，保持低成本，并且常常使得保護(hù)自然資源成為可能。16As it does 實(shí)際上vulnerability 脆弱性lipstick coloring agent 口紅色素plastic wrapper 塑料包裝紙anonymous 匿名的，不知名的for the most part 在極大程度上on the whole 總的來說，大體上，大致carelessness or expediency error 粗心大意或貪圖方便make certain 確定，確保，弄清楚an array of. 一系列的general welfare

18、公共福利17considering 就而論innovation 革新，創(chuàng)新harmonious adj.和諧的,和睦的;協(xié)調(diào)的,調(diào)和的18The capacity of the chemical industry to produce products which serve as replacements for the others also provides some relief from the vulnerability of imported raw materials.化學(xué)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)替代產(chǎn)品的能力也緩解了進(jìn)口原材料的脆弱性。19Ammonium nitrate typifies

19、the products of importance, serving as it does, as an agricultural fertilizer, a mining explosive, and a precursor to a surgical anesthetic.硝酸銨就是典型的重要產(chǎn)品，實(shí)際上，它既可以用作農(nóng)業(yè)化肥、礦山炸藥，還可以用作早期的外科手術(shù)麻醉劑。 20The chemical industry produces an amazing array of products of great value both to economy and the general w

20、elfare, but obviously this work must be carried out in harmonious balance with environmental considerations. 化學(xué)工業(yè)能生產(chǎn)許許多多不僅對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而且對公共福利均有巨大價值的產(chǎn)品，但是，顯而易見，這個工作必須在環(huán)境友好條件下進(jìn)行。 21acid radical 酸根 ，酸基 ，酰active radical 活性根acyl radical ?；鵤lkyl radical 烷基 ，烴基alkylidene radical 烷叉基; 次烷基anesthesiophore radical 麻醉

21、基, 苯甲?；鵤romatic radical 芳(族)基auxotox radical 甲亞氨基bivalent radical 二價基borine radical 硼氫基22cation radical 陽離子基complex radical 復(fù)基, 絡(luò)合基compound radical 復(fù)根cumyloxy radical 枯氧游離基cyclopropenyl radical 環(huán)丙烯基developing radical 顯影基divalent radical 二價基electronegative radical 陰(電)性根electropositive radical 陽(電)性根

22、fixed oil radical 固定油基fluorocarbon radical 氟碳基free radical 自由基, 游離基heterocyclic radical 雜環(huán)基hydroperoxyl radical 過氧羥自由基23hydrophilic radical 親水性基團(tuán)hydroxide radical 羥基 ，氫氧根iminoxyl free radical 氧化亞胺自由基ion radical 離子基irreducible radical 不可約根masked radical 掩蔽基metal ketyl radical 金屬羰游離基monovalent hydroca

23、rbon radical 一價烴基multivalent cyclic hydrocarbon radical 多價環(huán)烴基negative radical 陰根; 負(fù)(電性)根; 負(fù)(性)根nilpotent radical 冪零根基nitrosyl radical 亞硝酰基organic radical 有機(jī)基; 有機(jī)根osmate radical 鋨酸根24perester radical 過酸酯基polar radical 極性基positive radical 陽根, 正(電性)根 ，正(性)基; 正(電性)基selenate radical 硒酸根selenite radical 亞

24、硒酸根semistable radical 半穩(wěn)自由基side chain radical 側(cè)鏈基simple radical 簡(單)基stearate radical 硬脂酸根sulfanilamido radical 磺氨基thiocyanate radical 硫(代)氰酸根titanate radical 鈦酸(根)trapped radical 截留基transient radical 瞬變基triptyl radical 三蝶烯基trivalent radical 三價基, 三價根unipotent radical 冪單根式univalent saturated hydrocar

25、bon radical 一價飽和烴基wolframate radical 鎢酸根25無機(jī)物的構(gòu)詞法元素 -化物 正酸 正酸鹽 亞酸 亞酸鹽boron boride boric acid borate borous acid borite carbon carbide carbonic acid carbonate - -chlorine chloride chloric acid chlorate - -chromium - chromic acid chromate chromous - chromitefluorine fluoride mangneses - manganic - man

26、ganate manganous - manganite nitrogen nitride nitric acid nitrate nitrous acid nitritephosphorus phosphide phosphoric- phosphorate phosphorous- phosphoritesulfur sulfide sulfuric acid sulfate sulfurous acid sulfitebromine bromide bromic acid bromate bromous acid bromiteiodine iodide iodic acid iod(in)ate iodous acid iodite oxygen oxidehydrogen h