高考英語復習課件：閱讀理解詞義猜測技巧

1、猜測詞義類試題 解題技巧 猜詞技巧是一種很重要的應試技巧。在諸多的英語測試中，幾乎都包含有判斷生詞或關鍵詞詞義的題目?？荚囍薪?jīng)常作為考點的詞匯包括以下幾種： 常用詞在特殊語言環(huán)境中的特殊意義； 專業(yè)化程度較高的詞； 生僻詞。 常見提問形式 1) According to the author, the word “” means _. 2) The word “” most likely means _. 3) The word “” in Line .probably means _. 4) By the word “”, the author means_. 5) In Line . ,

2、the word “” refers to _. 6) Which of the following is nearest /closest in meaning to “” ? 7) In Line , the word “” could best be replaced by which of the following? 利用上下文中的同義關系猜測詞義 B利用上下文中的反義關系猜測詞義 利用構詞法猜測詞義 D. 利用邏輯推理猜測詞義 E. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行猜測F 根據(jù)上下文語境進行猜測 猜 詞 技 巧1. like, as.as, the same as 等； 2. to be，

3、mean，refer to 等； 3. be defined as ，be known as ，be called ， be termed 等；4. and 和 or；5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義； 6. 以標點符號為線索猜測詞義。like(像一樣), as.as (如同一樣)， the same as(與相同)等。 【例】 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

4、like(像一樣), as.as (如同一樣)， the same as(與相同)等。 【例】 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 【解】 “圓胖的, 豐滿的” 譯文：母親是身材高大、肥胖的中年婦女。學校的校長年齡 稍大些，幾乎跟母親一樣肥胖，不過個子要矮得多。2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等?！纠?】Annealing is a

5、way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等?！纠?】Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.【解】 “退火”2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等?！纠?】Annealing is a way of making metal soft

6、er by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.【解】 “退火”【例2】Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering . 2. to be(是)，mean(意指)，refer to(指的是) 等。【例1】Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and t

7、hen letting it cool very slowly.【解】 “退火”【例2】Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering . 【解】 “通風” 譯文： 正如你所知道的，通風是一種提供新鮮空氣的方式 或手段。它在工程領域里起著十分重要的作用。3. be defined as (被定義為) ，be known as (被稱為) ， be called (被稱為) ，be te

8、rmed (被定義為) 等?！纠?】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 3. be defined as (被定義為) ，be known as (被稱為) ， be called (被稱為) ，be termed (被定義為) 等?！纠?】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 “蚊子” 3. be defined as (被定義為) ，be kn

9、own as (被稱為) ， be called (被稱為) ，be termed (被定義為) 等。【例1】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 “蚊子” 【例2】A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.3. be defined as (被定義為) ，be known as (被稱為) ， be called (被稱為) ，be term

10、ed (被定義為) 等?！纠?】A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrusts the skin and then drinks blood. 【解】 “蚊子” 【例2】A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.【解】 “木匠” 4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 4. a

11、nd和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【解】 “仿效” 譯文：小孩經(jīng)常試著去仿效他們在電視里所看到的行為。 4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【解】 “仿效” 譯文：小孩經(jīng)常試著去仿效他們在電視里所看到的行為。 【例2】At forty-two he was in his prime and alw

12、ays full of erergy. 4. and和or。 【例1】Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【解】 “仿效” 譯文：小孩經(jīng)常試著去仿效他們在電視里所看到的行為。 【例2】At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of erergy. 【解】 從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關系的full of energy, 可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年時期”。5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義?！纠?

13、】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義?！纠?】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.【解】 “牧人”5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義?！纠?】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.【解】 “牧人”【例2】I told him I was a mason, a person w

14、hose job is cutting stone into shape for building.5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義?！纠?】The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.【解】 “牧人”【例2】I told him I was a mason, a person whose job is cutting stone into shape for building.【解】 “石匠”5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義。【例3】His uncle is a zoologist, an ex

15、pert who does research on animals. 5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義。【例3】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 【解】 “動物學家” 5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義?！纠?】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 【解】 “動物學家” 【例4】He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pu

16、lling rabbits out of his hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 5. 以同位語、定語從句為線索猜測詞義?！纠?】His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 【解】 “動物學家” 【例4】He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of his hats, swallowing fire, and other simi

17、lar tricks. 【解】 “變戲法者” 譯文：他是一個變戲法的人，通過從他的帽子里拉 出兔子、吞火和玩其他類似的把戲來逗孩子們開心。 6. 以標點符號為線索猜測詞義（括號、冒號、破折號等）【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.6. 以標點符號為線索猜測詞義（括號、冒號、破折號等）【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.【解】 “脆”6. 以標點符號為線索猜測

18、詞義（括號、冒號、破折號等）【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.【解】 “脆”【例2】 We are on the nightshift from midnight to 8 am this week.6. 以標點符號為線索猜測詞義（括號、冒號、破折號等）【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.【解】 “脆”【例2】 We are on the nightshi

19、ft from midnight to 8 am this week.【解】 “夜班” 6. 以標點符號為線索猜測詞義（括號、冒號、破折號等）【例1】 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.【解】 “脆”【例2】 We are on the nightshift from midnight to 8 am this week.【解】 “夜班” 【例3】They are good diggers , and in Ranthambhore ( a wildlife park in Nort

20、hern India) are nocturnal ：they only come out at night.閱讀中應多注意帶有 but, yet, however, otherwise, Nevertheless，in contrast，on the other hand，rather than， although，while ,unlike，whereas 等表示轉折意義的詞或是有分號的句子。這類句子前后存在明顯的對比關系，根據(jù)已知內(nèi)容，通過對比很容易猜出生詞的意義。【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives

21、us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve【解】 “復雜的” 【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simpl

22、e ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve【解】 “復雜的” 【例2】John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty.【例1】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones， however，we feel that they are intricate and ha

23、rd to solve【解】 “復雜的” 【例2】John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty.【解】 “節(jié)儉的” 中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴super-（超）， inter-（在之間）， -able（能的）， mini-（極少的，微型的），micro-（極微小的）， re-（再，反復），sub-（分支的，底下），co-（共同），post- (后)， pre-（前）， trans-（超越；轉換）， under-（在之下；低于；不足）， -hood（狀態(tài)；性

24、質；時期）， -ish（如的；有點兒的）； -proof（防的；不能穿透的）， -scope（景）， -ship（身份；資格；權力；性質）， -some（易于的）， -wards（向）， mis-（誤；惡）， un-（不；非）， in-（不；非）， im-（不； 非）， dis-（不）， non- （不；非），-less（不； 無）， anti-（反；防） ， sino-（中國）【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense.【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense.【解】 sense 有“心智健全、意識”之意，non- 構成它的反義詞，故 nonsens

25、e有 “胡言亂語，胡說八道 ”之意。【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense.【解】 sense 有“心智健全、意識”之意，non- 構成它的反義詞，故 nonsense有 “胡言亂語，胡說八道 ”之意。【例2】Jason is a language specialist. 【例1】Dont listen to his nonsense.【解】 sense 有“心智健全、意識”之意，non- 構成它的反義詞，故 nonsense有 “胡言亂語，胡說八道 ”之意?！纠?】Jason is a language specialist. 【解】 “Special”是“unusu

26、al”（不尋常的）之 意；后綴“-ist”指人?！癝pecialist”就是 “不尋常的人”；也就是“專家”之意。1以因果關系為線索 2以列舉的事例為線索 運用生活經(jīng)驗及普通常識進行推理 4. 聯(lián)想法 【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 “修剪”【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser

27、 to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 “修剪”【例2】 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.【例1】 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 【解】 “修剪”【例2】 The lack

28、of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.【解】 “永遠的，永久的”【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.【例1】You can take any of the periodicals

29、: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.【解】 “期刊”【例1】You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.【解】 “期刊”【例2】Apply (涂抹) an antiseptic, such as alcohol (酒精), on the skin. 【例1】You can take

30、 any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.【解】 “期刊”【例2】Apply (涂抹) an antiseptic, such as alcohol (酒精), on the skin. 【解】 “酒精”可以防毒；“antiseptic”準是“消毒藥”了。 【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youl

31、l have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.【解】 車閘【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child su

32、ddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.【解】 車閘【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【例1】 If

33、 you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.【解】 車閘【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing,

34、seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of you, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.【解】 車閘【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their

35、foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”?！纠?】 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 【例1】 If you are riding a bike when a small child suddenly appears in front of y

36、ou, youll have to use the front and hind (back) brakes to make your bike stop at once.【解】 車閘【例2】 Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 【解】 wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”

37、。【例3】 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 【解】 “枯萎” 【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 “筆” 【例

38、1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 “筆” 【例2】 On entering the room, he began to measure his legs on the floor.【例1】 To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily got from a shop). 【解】 “筆” 【例2】

39、On entering the room, he began to measure his legs on the floor.【解】 譯文：他一進屋就摔了個大跟頭。例1 Chicken becomes rotten very quicklyIt can go bad in a refrigerator if it is left there for more than a week. If you have any 1）suspicion that the meat is bad, dont eat it. Instead 2）inspect it very carefully；Check

40、the smell，how it looks and feelsThe first sign that the chicken is rotten is the smellIf the chicken has a bad 3）odor，you should throw it outThe second sign that chicken is rotten is the lookIf the meat is black，throw it outThe third sign is the feel of the chickenIf the meat is very soft，it might b

41、e rotten. 4)Discard it if it isIf only part of the chicken is bad，remove the rotten 5）Portion and keep the rest （1） “Suspicion” means ADoubt Bidea CExample （2）The word“inspect”means Aexamine carefully Bvisit Csmell （3） “Odor” means Asound Bpicture Csmell （4） The word“discard” means AKeep Bthrow out

42、Ccook it again （5） “Portion” here means Awhole Bpart Chalf AACBB 例2 The largest player-Shanghai Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans , minivans , station wagons , coaches , Santana sedans are the big favorite .56. The words “deluxe sedans” , “minivans” and “statio

43、n wagons” used in the text refer to _ . A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers(NMET 2001)C例3 Last November the two groups started Dog Day Afternoon in the children s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon class

44、es, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a pawgraphed book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. 62. A pawgraphed book is most probably _.a book

45、 used in Saturday classes a book written by the children C. a prize for the children D. a gift from parents (NMET 2003)C代詞one，it，that，he，him或them等在英語文章中使用頻繁，可以指上文提到的人或事物。有時代詞與指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結，才能得出代詞所指代的事。例4.(2005年全國卷，C篇)Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press

46、reported the story.And even if they start again，Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.“We have more important things to do，”he said.52.The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to_.A.criminalsB.pigeonsC.the stolen carsD.demands for money分析：從文中最后一句可知，they應當對應該段前面的“Demands for pi

47、geon-delivered money”。該部分大意為“媒體報道這些事件之后，發(fā)案率有所下降。即使demands for money的勢頭有所上升，陳表明，捉住罪犯也沒什么希望，因為他們(警察)有更重要的事要做”。故答案為D。一個單詞或詞組的確切含義是和它所處的上下文語境分不開的，所以我們可借助上下文語境對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推測。例1.(2002年全國卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(農(nóng)藥)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.”Gold is one of a growing number of s