閱讀理解瓶頸ppt課件

1、Welcome to our school Learning to know Learning Learning to do to be Learning to live together Educational objectives of UNESO 2021高考備考閱讀了解篇明達中學晏雪紅一、考綱闡明二、近年閱讀了解題考核目的對比情況分析 三、制約學生得分的要素四、備考建議一、考綱闡明 根據(jù)考試大綱對閱讀了解工程調查的表述，考生應能： 1.了解主旨要義； 2.了解文中詳細信息； 3.根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義； 4.做出簡單判別和推理； 5.了解文章的根本構造； 6.了解作者的意圖、觀

2、念和態(tài)度。四個“了解，兩個“推斷二、近三年閱讀了解考試目的對比情況分析附表1：近三年高考新課標全國卷I II閱讀了解詞匯量統(tǒng)計表年 份總詞量文本詞量試題詞量閱讀速度有無標題2016年I卷16801175505 67.2wpm B篇有2016年II卷15991136 463 64.1wpmA篇有 2015年I卷16431219424 65.7wpmA篇有2015年II卷16461153 493 65.8wpm D篇有2014年I卷16491187462 65.9wpm A篇有2014年II卷1639 1122 517 65.6wpm D篇有閱讀了解詞匯總量適中，閱讀速度要求穩(wěn)定 附表2：近三年高

3、考新課標全國卷閱讀了解題型分布年 份細節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨要義詞義猜測觀點態(tài)度2016年I卷1031102016年II卷 841202015年I卷 950102015年II卷941102014年I卷 85 0112014年II卷84 120搞定了細節(jié)了解和推理判別題，就根本拿下了閱讀 附表3：近三年高考全國卷細節(jié)了解題分布情況年度直接信息（題干原詞定位）間接信息（題干語義轉換）是非判斷題、數(shù)字計算題和排序題2016 I21、22、23、25、31、32、34 （14分）26、30、3302016 II21、23、24、25、34、35 （12分）22、2902015 I21、22、23、29、3

4、0、32 （12分）25、26、3402015 II21、23、26、30、33、35（12分）25、27、3402014 I21、22、24、26、33、34 （12分）29、3202014 II22、30、32、33、35（10分）21、25、260細節(jié)題調查以直接信息題題干原詞定位為主，其次是間接信息題題干語義轉換附表4：近三年高考全國卷閱讀了解答案分布年 份ABCD2016年I卷43442016年II卷 43442015年I卷 44342015年II卷44432014年I卷 44 432014年II卷43 35答案分布比較均勻三、制約學生得分的要素1. 詞匯、詞塊知識和語法知識受限；2

5、. 識別隱形細節(jié)才干受限；3.對命題者設置選項的特點認識不夠；4.篇章構造認識不強，閱讀習慣不好回讀、默讀、指讀四、備考建議1. 積累高考必備的詞匯和語塊知識；1利用構詞法知識記憶詞匯掌握考綱要求的構詞法知識。關注合成描畫詞：the civil-rights movement ，the check-in desk, the not-for- profit base, 120-plus pandas, well-researched story, merchant-navy officer, culture-specific, content -based, first-rate photo-j

6、ournalism, Norweigian-built three- master,more in- depth ; 合成名詞：care-givers, peace-lovers. 合成動詞: bottle-feed2詞塊記憶單詞或詞組1 根據(jù)同義或近義的詞或短語in no way/ case/ sense, on no condition/ consideration/ account, by no means, at no time, under no circumstances決不2根據(jù)反義詞積累詞或短語 agree with/ approve of /subscribe to/ be

7、in favor of/ be for/ in support of 贊同 disagree with / disapprove of / be against 反對 用“add及相關短語填空The president told me it was not easy to manage a company as he _some sugar _ my coffee,_ that the financial crisis_the difficulties. However, the dormitory for the workers must be improved and they would

8、 _ a toilet in each room. The week before, he _ all the expenses and the total _ more than 1000,000 yuan.3語境中積累詞或者相關短語 The president told me it was not easy to manage a company as he _some sugar _ my coffee, _ that the financial crisis _the difficulties. However, the dormitory for the workers must b

9、e improved and they would _ a toilet in each room. The week before, he _ all the expenses and the total _ more than 1000,000 yuan. adding added toadd to added up added up toadded to3語境中積累詞或者相關短語3關注考題中熟詞新義景象如：1) house 16th-century paintings (2021全國卷I); 2) The challenge invites, even dares school stud

10、ents .to create artwork . (2021全國卷I);3) The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter (2021全國卷I); 4) A musher named Kasen had to brave this storm (2021北京卷).immigratein immigrationmigrantemigrateimmigrateimmigrantemigrant settlerpioneercitizenforeign alien politicsm

11、ove4單詞云immigrate抓落實分三條線： 2.備考手冊 3.考試大綱 1. 教材第一至第八模塊單詞就是得分力， 只需背就能提分。閱歷分享一、實行科代表、組長、組員 分級擔任制弱科生 1. 定人員2. 定內容： 3. 定要求： 二、語篇背誦與默寫全體學生 必修課文、語段； 書面表達范文。 2.指點學生掌握閱讀技藝和解題方法1培育學生了解文章主旨、領會作者態(tài)度的才干；4利用思想導圖，培育學生快速看出文章構造的才干；3提高學生分析長難句的才干；2指點學生熟習命題者常采用的“同義轉述法；尋覓主題句1培育學生了解文章主旨、領會作者態(tài)度的才干；快速閱讀文章的首尾段以及每段的首句，找出主題句;明確主

12、旨要義題的特點：概括性、針對性、醒目性；命題者時常設置的圈套是添枝加葉，范圍擴縮或斷章取義。2021全國卷I 35題 What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is GoldThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups . Silences may be thoughtful,

13、or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say 首段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.添枝加葉斷章取義主題擴縮逆向思想法逆向思想法，即快速作文法，有的文章沒有主題句，無妨思索一下，“假設我寫這個標題，我應該怎樣謀篇與規(guī)劃？ 逆向思想法(2021湖南卷C篇) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Recent Progress in Environmental Protectio

14、nB. Benefits of Insects in Scientific ResearchC. The Harm of One-time Products D. A Possible Alternative to Plastic2指點學生熟習命題者常采用的“同義轉述法。 弄清命題者設置的1.正確選項的特點：同義轉述/交換*考生與命題者的競賽 2. 題干的同義交換例1.2021全國卷B 26題What was the reaction of the publicto Mrs. Robinsons decision? A. 17% expressed their support for it.

15、B. Few people responded sympathetically. C. 83% believed it had a bad influence. D. The majority thought it was a trend.According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more famili

16、es will follow the example of Obamas family.例1.2021全國卷I D篇33題 Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese. B. The French.C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of th

17、ese cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.2指點學生熟習命題者常采用的“同義轉述法。 更要弄清命題者設置的*考生與命題者的競賽錯誤選項的特點：無中生有、張 冠李戴、以偏概全、本末倒置、正反混淆、因果顛倒、就事論事、過于絕對、未

18、然變已然等。題支命題的構成方式就是“干擾+圈套，就事論事例證題中，題干中出現(xiàn)example, case,illustration等相關詞匯，把例子中的某個內容拿出來設置成干擾項，沒有深層了解。But a visit to a Brazilian sugar plantation shows the hardship associated with ethanol production. Danuza Gomes da Silva swings (揮舞) a knife as she makes her way down the road of a field cutting sugar can

19、e. She earns between $8 and$13 a day, depending on her productivity. Da Silva, 35, has four young children. 例1 明達月考二C篇30題The example of da Silva mainly tells us that it is difficult to _.A. produce ethanol in BrazilB. walk down the road of a fieldC. cut sugar cane with hand laborD. raise 4 young chi

20、ldren for a womanB.C.D選項都是就事論事未然變已然文章中還沒有得出結果/結論，在選項中就得出了結論/結果，弄錯時態(tài)，把未來的說成如今的，把如今的說成過去的，把能夠的說成現(xiàn)實等。 例2 (2021上海卷C篇)73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly _. A. consists of a flight device and a control system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can coll

21、ect information from many sources D. has been put into wide applicationWhile this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields

22、 or on the battlefield. 熟習句法修辭中的一切語句構造方式, 尤其是復合句、倒裝句、省略句、強調句型及其它特殊表達法,教會學生分析句子特別是分析長難句的才干。3提高學生分析長難句的才干；Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?2021全國卷I28題 A. Optimistic.B. Productive. C. Generous.D. Traditional.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admi

23、ration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. SubjectV.ObjectObjectAdverbial2021全國卷I 31題 What does the word “contributions in the last paragraph refer to? A. Donations.B. Projects.C. Artworks.D. Documents. T

24、he fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (協(xié)作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.SubjectObjectObjectVerb.+prep.4利用思想導圖，培育學生快速看出文章構造的才干；運用思想導圖進展語篇學習，有助于加強學生的篇章構造認識，增進了解和記憶才干。2021全 C闡明文Dalis works being showing in ParisBig scale Over 2000 worksThe way Dali draw viewersThe infinity smallThe infinity largeThe arrangement of the exhibits Time and subjectCollaborations with the MNRS with contributions f