大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)Unit17講解

1、Unit One2.4 Key Words and Useful Expressions2.4.1 appropriate (L. 4) 1. adj. (for/to) suitable; right and proper 適當(dāng)?shù)?；合適的；正當(dāng)?shù)膃.g. 運(yùn)動(dòng)服用于正式婚禮中是不適當(dāng)?shù)?。Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.他鄭重其事的講話方式適合于那個(gè)場(chǎng)合。His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.2. vt. 1) take (sth.

2、) for ones own use, esp. without permission or illegally 拿（某事物）為己所用（尤指未經(jīng)獲準(zhǔn)或非法者）；擅用；挪用；盜用e.g. 他被控告挪用俱樂(lè)部基金。He was accused of appropriating club funds.2) sth. for sth: put (esp. money) on one side for a special purpose 撥出（尤指款項(xiàng)）e.g. 為新的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃已經(jīng)撥款5000英鎊。5000 has been appropriated for a new training scheme.

3、 thin adj. (L. 5) derogatory figurative of poor quality or lacking some important ingredient; feeble 質(zhì)量差的；缺乏某些重要成分的；弱的；無(wú)力的e.g. 總是用同樣的借口就不足為信了。The same excuse is wearing thin.書(shū)評(píng)家認(rèn)為她最近寫的那部小說(shuō)沒(méi)什么意思。The critics found her latest novel rather thin. ground (L. 14)1. n. C (esp. pl.) (for sth. /doing sth. /to

4、 do sth.) reason(s) or justification for saying, doing or believing sth. 說(shuō)、做或相信某事的原因或理由e.g. 你沒(méi)有抱怨的理由。You have no grounds for complaining.你根據(jù)什么提出那項(xiàng)控告？On what grounds do you make that accusation?2. v. (on) base beliefs, etc on sth. 將信仰建立于某事物的基礎(chǔ)上e.g. 以事實(shí)為根據(jù)來(lái)立論ground ones arguments on facts基礎(chǔ)堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論a well

5、-grounded theory2.4.4 pursue (L. 19) vt.1. (continue to) be occupied or busy with (sth.); go on with （繼續(xù)）從事或忙于（某事物）；進(jìn)行e.g. 她決定在獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位之后繼續(xù)深造。She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.2. follow (sb./sth.), esp. in order to catch or kill; chase 追趕，追逐（某人/某物）；（尤指）追捕，追殺；追尋；追求e.g.

6、警察在高速公路上追趕被盜的車輛。The police pursued the stolen vehicle along the motorway. take (no/great) pleasure in (doing) sth. (L. 23) enjoy/not enjoy (doing) sth. 以/不以（做）某事為樂(lè)；喜歡/不喜歡（做）某事e.g. 她似乎對(duì)我們的痛苦幸災(zāi)樂(lè)禍。She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering.他們特別喜歡提示我們窮。They take great pleasure in reminding us of our p

7、overty. (in) so far as/(that) (L. 24) to the extent that 到程度e.g. 就你不會(huì)制造麻煩而言,你來(lái)此是受歡迎的。You are welcome here in so far as you dont cause problems.只要你是學(xué)生,便可免費(fèi)使用該圖書(shū)館。In so far as you are a student, you are free to use the library. regulate vt. (L. 27)1. control or direct (sth.) lawful or correct 使（某事物）合法

8、化或合乎規(guī)律e.g. 約束行為/限制消費(fèi)/節(jié)制生活方式/管理交通regulate ones conduct/expenditure/lifestyle/the trafficadjust (an apparatus, a mechanism, etc) so that it functions as desired; control (speed, pressure, etc) in this way 調(diào)校，校準(zhǔn)（儀器，機(jī)械等）；控制（速度，壓力等）e.g. 自然光有助于調(diào)校你的生物鐘，所以你要多做戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。Natural light helps to regulate your biolog

9、ical clock, so exercise outdoors if you can.2.4.8 as to/regards sth. (L. 48) with regard to sth.; regarding sth. 至于某事物；提到某事物e.g. 談到批改我們的作業(yè)，老師總是讓我們自己決定。As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves.至于應(yīng)該穿什么衣服，并沒(méi)有硬性規(guī)定。There are no special rules as regards what clothes you s

10、hould wear. conviction n. (L. 50)1. U, C (for sth.) (instance) (of a jury or judge) declaring in a lawcourt that sb. is guilty (of a crime) 定罪，定刑e.g. 她有六次因盜竊而被判刑。 She has six convictions for theft.2. U, C ( that) firm opinion or belief 堅(jiān)定的看法或信仰e.g. 我深信自滿情緒是我們各種問(wèn)題的根源。 Its conviction that complacency

11、is at the root of our troubles.你是否一貫地本著你的信念行事？Do you always act in accordance with your convictions?派生詞：convict v. sb. (of sth.) (指陪審團(tuán)或法官)宣判某人有()罪2.4.10 possess vt. (L. 54)1. have (sth.) as ones belongings or as a quality 持有(某事物)；具有(某品質(zhì))e.g. 他決定放棄他所有的一切，出家為僧。 He decided to give away everything he po

12、ssessed and become a monk.他有做好這項(xiàng)工作必備的耐性和應(yīng)變能力嗎？Does he possess the necessary patience and tact to do the job well?control or dominate (a persons mind) 控制，支配(人的思想)e.g. 是什么驅(qū)使你做出那種事的？What possessed you to do that?她好像著了魔似的。She seemed to be possessed (by the devil).派生詞：possession n. 領(lǐng)有，持有；所有物，財(cái)產(chǎn)習(xí)語(yǔ)：like on

13、e possessed:猛烈地，拼命地(如同發(fā)瘋或有妖魔附體一般)2.4.11 preserve vt. (L. 56)1keep (sth.) in an unchanged or perfect condition 保護(hù)，維護(hù)e.g. 一個(gè)保養(yǎng)得很好的八十老翁a very well-preserved man of eighty維護(hù)和平的努力已經(jīng)失敗了。Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.2. avoid losing (sth.); retain 使(某事物)不受損失；保持e.g. 她不管遇到什么情況都竭力保持著幽默感。She manage

14、d despite everything to preserve her sense of humor.做那樣的工作很難保持自尊。Its difficult to preserve ones self-respect in that job.keep (food) from decay (by bottling, drying, freezing, etc.) (用裝瓶裝 罐，干燥，冷凍等法)保存(食物)e.g. 鹽和調(diào)味品有助于保藏肉類。Salt and spices help to preserve meat.夏天收獲的大量水果可冷藏或裝瓶裝罐加以保存。In the summer, lar

15、ge crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. commitment n. (L. 61)1. C ( to sth./to do sth.) thing one has promised to do; pledge; undertaking 承諾，保證；承擔(dān)e.g. 我目前操勞過(guò)度應(yīng)承的事情太多了。Im overworked at the moment Ive taken too many commitments.2. U state of being dedicated or devoted (to sth.) 致力，

16、獻(xiàn)身(于某事物)e.g. 我們?cè)趯で髮?duì)此工作真正能盡職盡責(zé)的人。Were looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.同源詞：conmit vt.使某人(自己)不能不做某事或不做另事(尤指因有承諾)；向某人(自己)保證3. Text B After Twenty Years3.2. Key Words and Useful Expressions watchful a. (L. 3) 警惕的，注意的，警戒的 e.g. 他們是在他們父親的監(jiān)視下參加舞會(huì)的。They attended dances under the

17、 watchful eye of their father.警察密切地注意著那個(gè)人的一舉一動(dòng)。The police kept a watchful eye on every move of the man. cast an eye/ones eye(s) over sb./sth. (L.3) 很快的看或查某人/某事物e.g. 你看一下這些計(jì)算數(shù)字，檢查是否正確，好嗎？ Would you cast your eye over these calculations to check that they are correct? tear sth. down (L.16-17) 弄倒某物；拆除某

18、物e.g. 他們正在拆除這些舊房子以便建一座新辦公樓。Theyre tearing down these old houses to build a new office block. keen a. (L. 20) 熱心的，喜歡的；（感覺(jué)）靈敏的，敏銳的e.g. 我不太喜歡爵士樂(lè)。 Im not too keen on jazz. 我的視力敏銳。 I have keen eyesight. figure v. (L.32) 出現(xiàn)或被提及（尤指引人注目的）；想，估計(jì) e.g. 這是在她多部小說(shuō)中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)人物This is a character that figures in many of

19、 her novels我料想你不會(huì)來(lái)。I figure (that) you wouldnt come. keep/lose track of sb./sth. (L. 38) 與某人/某事保持/失去聯(lián)系e.g. 我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)在的確切時(shí)間I lost track of time. 與中學(xué)時(shí)的所有老校友都保持聯(lián)系是很困難的。 Its hard to keep track of all ones old school friends. (as) sure as fate/ as eggs is eggs/as Im standing here (L. 72) 的的確確；千真萬(wàn)確e.g. 他確實(shí)是死了

20、。 He is dead, as sure as eggs is eggs. gaze (L. 89) 久久地凝視，注視(通常指因驚訝或贊賞)e.g. 我告訴她這消息時(shí)，她以懷疑的目光注視著我。 She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news. 他只是坐著呆呆地望著窗外。 He just sat gazing through the window.Unit Two2.4 Key Words and Useful Expressions2.4.1 hold on (L. 5)1. survive in a difficult or da

21、ngerous situation; hang on 歷經(jīng)危難而不死；堅(jiān)持住 e.g. 他們?cè)O(shè)法堅(jiān)持住直到有救援到來(lái)。They managed to hold on until help arrived. 我覺(jué)得自己堅(jiān)持不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。I dont think I can hold on much longer. 2. (infml)(usu. in imperative) wait and stop (通常用于祈使語(yǔ)句)等一下；停住e.g. 停一停，讓我喘口氣。Hold on a minute while I get my breath back.2.4.2 defy (L. 10) v d

22、isobey or refuse to respect (sb., an authority, etc.) 違抗，反抗，藐視，蔑視（某人權(quán)威等） e.g. 他們違抗父母的意愿而結(jié)婚了。 They defied their parents and got married. 任何蔑視法律的人都會(huì)受到懲罰。 Anyone who defies the law will be published.be so difficult as to make (sth.) impossible 因?yàn)樘щy而使不可能e.g. 這門用什么方法也打不開(kāi)。The door defied all attempts to

23、open it.此問(wèn)題無(wú)法解決。The problem defied solution.2.4.3 given (L.13) 1. prep. taking (sth.) into account 考慮到（某事物）e.g. 鑒于政府在解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題上成績(jī)不佳，他們?cè)谶x舉中獲勝機(jī)會(huì)似乎不大。 Given the governments record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor. 考慮到她喜歡孩子，我可以肯定教書(shū)是最適合她的職業(yè)。 Given that she is interested in ch

24、ildren/Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.2. adj. (esp. attrib) specified or stated (尤作定語(yǔ))確定的；所述的；規(guī)定的e.g. 他們要在規(guī)定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)會(huì)晤。 They were to meet at a given time and place. 這項(xiàng)工作必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。 This work must be done within the given time.2.4.4 crush (on sth.) n. (L.

25、16) (infml) strong but typical brief liking (for sb.) 喜愛(ài) e.g. 小學(xué)生往往很欽佩老師。 Schoolchildren often have/get crushes on teachers.喬治對(duì)瑪麗有意思哦。Gorge has a big crush on Mary.2.4.5 fancy (L.18) v. 1. (infml) have a desire or wish for (sth.); want 渴望或希望得到（某事物）；想要e.g. 我想來(lái)杯茶。 I fancy a cup of tea. 你晚飯喜歡吃什么？ What

26、do you fancy for supper? 2. think or believe (sth.); imagine 想；以為；想象 e.g. 我看今天要下雨。 I fancy (that) its going to rain today. 他好像聽(tīng)到身后有腳步聲。 He fancied he heard footsteps behind him.短語(yǔ)fancy oneself (as sth.) (infml) 自命不凡；自負(fù)2.4.6 blossom v. (L. 40) (of a tree or shrub) produce flower（指樹(shù)木）開(kāi)花e.g. 櫻桃樹(shù)今年開(kāi)花早。

27、The cherry trees blossomed early this year.out (into sth.) (fig.) develop in a healthy or promising way; grow or develop (into sth.); flourish 健康的成長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)成或發(fā)展成（某事物）；興盛e.g. 莫扎特早在童年時(shí)已初露頭角（成為作曲家）。Mozart blossomed (as a composer) very early in life.她已亭亭玉立，成了美麗的少女。She has blossomed (out) into a beautiful you

28、ng lady.2.4.7 restraint n. (L.48) 1. C on sth./sb. thing that checks or controls; restriction 起遏制作用的事物；管制措施；約束力 e.g. 他勇于打破常規(guī)的約束。 He is never afraid to get off the restraints of convention. 她再也無(wú)法忍受有限的收入對(duì)家庭開(kāi)支預(yù)算的約束了。 She began to find the restraints on the family budget of a limited income unbearable.2

29、. U the state of being controlled or checked抑制，遏制；管制；約束e.g. 那孩子的感情一直受到壓抑。 The childs affections were kept under/suffered continual restraint.2.4.8 jump/climb/get on the bandwagon (L.55) joining others in doing sth. fashionable or likely to be successful 趕浪頭；趕時(shí)髦；隨大流 e.g. 低腰牛仔褲現(xiàn)在很流行，人人趨之若騖呢。Low-waist

30、jeans are so popular noweveryone is jumping on the bandwagon.我想也不妨像人們說(shuō)的趕趕時(shí)髦。I suppose I may as well climb on the bandwagon, as they say.背景文化：bandwagon指的是有樂(lè)隊(duì)的馬車。在十九世紀(jì)的美國(guó)南方，參選人為了吸引選民注意，在選戰(zhàn)進(jìn)入緊鑼密鼓階段會(huì)安排車隊(duì)造勢(shì)，在車陣的最前方會(huì)有一輛上面有樂(lè)隊(duì)表演的馬車。拜票過(guò)程中，民眾會(huì)跳上車表示支持，期待該候選人當(dāng)選了，可從中撈到好處。后來(lái)，人們便將跳上樂(lè)隊(duì)車引申為趕時(shí)髦之意。2.4.9 via prep. (L.5

31、8) by way of (sth.); through 經(jīng)由（某事物）；通過(guò)e.g. 我可以通過(guò)內(nèi)部通訊系統(tǒng)給他發(fā)個(gè)通知。 I can send him a note via the internal mail system.他取道土耳其來(lái)到歐洲。He came to Europe via Turkey.2.4.10 blame sth. on sb. / blame sb. (for sth.) (L.63-64) consider or say that sb. is responsible for sth. done (badly or wrongly) or not done 責(zé)怪；

32、責(zé)備；歸咎于 e.g. 她把婚姻的觸礁歸咎于他。 She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.調(diào)查組指出火車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)事故負(fù)責(zé)。 The inquiry blamed the train driver for the accident. 2.4.11 acquire vt. (L.73) gain (sth.) by ones own ability, efforts or behavior （靠自己的能力努力或行為而）獲得，得到（某事物）e.g. 學(xué)好英語(yǔ) acquire a good knowledge of English學(xué)會(huì)喝白蘭地酒a

33、cquire a taste of brandy得到不誠(chéng)實(shí)的名聲acquire a reputation of dishonesty我妹妹無(wú)法把她的書(shū)桌搬入新居，我就是這樣才得到它的。 My sister couldnt take her desk with her to the new house: that is how I came to acquire it. 2.4.12 let sb. loose (on sth.) (L.83) allow sb. to deal with sth. in their own way （在某場(chǎng)合）讓任意行動(dòng)，給予自由 e.g. 把狗放開(kāi)一會(huì)吧。L

34、et the dog loose for a minute.只有當(dāng)人們有足夠訓(xùn)練之后，才允許他們?cè)隗w制內(nèi)自由發(fā)展。People are only let loose on the system once they have received sufficient training.2.4.13 forge vt. (L. 84) 1shape (sth.) by heating it in a fire and hammering 鍛造；打鐵e.g. 鍛造劍鐵鏈等 forge a sword, a chain, etc(fig) create (usu. a lasting relations

35、hip) by means of much hard work （靠艱苦工作）建立（通常為長(zhǎng)期關(guān)系）e.g. 建立同盟聯(lián)系聯(lián)盟等 forge a bond, a link, an alliance, etc 患難中建立起來(lái)的友誼 a friendship forged by adversity3. Text B Holding Hands3.2. Key Words and Useful Expressions3.2.1 moist (L. 2) 潮濕的；濕潤(rùn)的e.g. 要記得按時(shí)給植物澆水以保持土壤濕潤(rùn)。 Do remember to water the plant regularly to

36、 keep the soil moist. 他妹妹雙眼噙著淚水。 His sisters eyes became moist.派生詞moisten v. （使事物）潮濕，濕潤(rùn)moisture n. 潮濕，水氣moisturize v. （施化妝品）使（皮膚）滋潤(rùn)3.2.2 engaged adj. (L. 16) (usu. pred.)（指一人或兩人）已訂婚; 忙的，沒(méi)空的 e.g. 她和彼得定了婚。Shes engaged to Peter.我告訴他我在忙別的事。I told him I was otherwise engaged.同源詞：engaging adj. 吸引注意力的；迷人的3

37、.2.3 fascinate vt. (L.23) 使（某人）著迷神魂顛倒或極感興趣 e.g. 孩子們讓商店櫥窗里的玩具給吸引住了。 The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window. 我瞧著她，完全被她迷住了。 I watched her, fascinated.3.2.4 in the course of (L. 36) 在期間 e.g. 新的鐵路正在建設(shè)中。The new railway is in the course of construction. 在面試過(guò)程中我的心跳得厲害。My heart beat thic

38、kly in the course of the interview.3.2.5 manipulate v. (L.38) 熟練控制或操縱（某事物） e.g. 原始人很快就學(xué)會(huì)了使用工具。Primitive man quickly learned how to manipulate tools.你知道如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)嗎?Do you know how to manipulate a computer? 3.2.6 agonizing adj. (L.46) 使人痛苦的e.g. 折磨人的疼痛an agonizing pain惱人的耽擱an agonizing delay痛苦的決定an agoniz

39、ing decision所有中國(guó)人無(wú)不殷切盼望早日結(jié)束這種令人痛心的局面。All the Chinese people are yearning for an early end to this agonizing situation同源詞： agonize v. （對(duì)某事物）極度憂慮或擔(dān)心agonized a. 表示痛苦的 3.2.7 clip vt. (L.58) （用剪刀）剪（某物）；（尤指）剪短，修剪e.g.為參加狗展把狗的毛剪短了。The dogs fur was clipped short for the show.她將舊的紀(jì)錄縮短了近兩秒。She clipped nearly t

40、wo seconds off the old record.3.2.8 file vt. (L. 58) 用銼切削（某物）e.g. 她在很仔細(xì)地銼指甲。She is filing her finger-nails with great care.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的號(hào)碼被銼掉了。The engine numbers were filed away. 3.2.9 yield vi. (L. 72) 屈服，讓步；（對(duì)某人/某事物）不再反對(duì) e.g. 該城受長(zhǎng)期圍困而被迫棄守。 The town was forced to yield after a long siege. 她禁不住誘惑，又吃了一塊巧克力。 S

41、he yielded to temptation and had another chocolate.3.2.10 in vain (L. 74) 結(jié)果地，徒然; 無(wú)效果的，無(wú)用的 e.g. 昨晚我怎么也睡不著。I tried in vain to sleep last nignt. 我們的工作全都白干了。All our work was in vain.Unit Three2.2 Key Words and Useful Expressions2.2.1 priority n. (L.10)1.C the thing that is (regarded as) more important

42、than others 優(yōu)先考慮的事 e.g. 你必須學(xué)會(huì)辨別事情之輕重。You must learn to get your priorities right. 她沒(méi)有把度假當(dāng)作優(yōu)先考慮的事情。 Holidays didnt figure high on her list of priorities. 2. U the fact or condition of being regarded as more important 優(yōu)先；重點(diǎn)e.g. 政府將改革法制列為工作的重點(diǎn)。The Government gave top priority to reforming the legal sys

43、tem.2.2.2 the breadline (L.13) a very low level of income which allows people to eat but not have any extra things 僅能有飯吃而不能保證滿足其他生活需求的極低收入水平 e.g. 他們雖然不富，卻也沒(méi)有掙扎在貧困線上。 They are not well off, but they are not on the breadline.搭配 be / live on the breadline 非常窮，勉強(qiáng)維持生活be near / below the breadline 接近/低于最低

44、生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.2.3 banish v. (L.18) 1. drive away; force to leave 排除；驅(qū)逐e.g. 那時(shí)很多人被流放到西伯利亞。 A number of people were banished to Siberia at that time.2. drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) 清除e.g. 她清除了腦中所有的浪漫想法。She banished all thoughts of romance from her mind.2.2.4 intense a. (L.27) 1. (of sensations) hav

45、ing a very strong effect or felt very strongly 強(qiáng)烈的；極度的 e.g. 熱度很高，鐵條當(dāng)即就融化了。The heat was so intense that the iron bar was melted instantly. 此事需要高度關(guān)注。The matter needs intense concern.2. (of colour)very strong or deep（顏色）濃的；深的e.g. 擁有深綠色的湖水和清新的空氣，月亮湖是一旅游熱點(diǎn)。Owning intense green color and fresh air, Moon L

46、ake is a hot tourist spot.2.2.5 in the long run (L.30) later in the future, not immediately 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看e.g. 這從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看是省錢的。 It saves in the long run.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，飯后散步有益于健康。Taking a walk after dinner will be good for your health in the long run. 2.2.6 in line with (L.36) in accordance to 與符合 e.g. 報(bào)酬與同等國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)一致。 Remuner

47、ation is in line with comparable international orgnizations. 收入所得稅隨所賺多少而波動(dòng)。Income tax fluctuates in line with the change in a persons earning. 短語(yǔ)line of business 專業(yè)， 行業(yè)be in sb.s line 是某人的專長(zhǎng)drop sb. a line 給人寫短信（便條）down the line 從頭至尾；自始至終take a firm line on 對(duì)某事采取堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度2.2.7 relative to (L.39) in comp

48、arison with; concerning 相比；有關(guān) e.g. 據(jù)說(shuō)女人比男人更敏感。It is said that women are more sensitive relative to men.這個(gè)記者問(wèn)了有關(guān)赤字的問(wèn)題。 The reporter asked questions relative to the deficit. 2.2.8 reinforce v. (L.49)1. give more support to (sth.); emphasize 給予更多的支持；加強(qiáng)e.g. 這個(gè)消息增強(qiáng)了她的希望。 The news reinforced her hopes. 這個(gè)

49、證據(jù)進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了我們認(rèn)為他是兇手的這一看法。 The evidence reinforced our view that he was a murderer.2. increase the numbers or military strength of 增援e.g. 必須增援這一地區(qū)的軍隊(duì)。The army in this region must be reinforced. 2.2.9 derive from (L.50) come from; get sth. from sth. or sb. 來(lái)自；從得到 e.g. 許多英文詞源于拉丁語(yǔ)。 Many English words deriv

50、e from Latin. 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)可以從讀書(shū)中獲得樂(lè)趣。 People find that they can derive pleasure from reading.易混詞 deprive：剝奪（人，地方）對(duì)某物的所有（或使用）deprive of 奪去 e.g. 事故使他失去了雙腿。 The accident deprived him of his legs.2.2.10 decrease (L.61) 1. v. (cause sth. to) become smaller or fewer 減少 e.g. 她對(duì)于此項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣逐漸減少。Her interest in the spor

51、t gradually decreases. 工人們想要減少工作時(shí)間而增加工資。 The workers want to decrease the working hours and increase pay.2. n. C decreasing, reduction 減少e.g. 這個(gè)地區(qū)進(jìn)口不斷減少。There has been a steady decrease in imports in this region.2.2.11 inevitable a. (L.72) 1. certain to happen and impossible to avoid; unavoidable 必然

52、的；不可避免的 e.g. 看來(lái)這一地區(qū)的環(huán)境進(jìn)一步惡化是在所難免的。 A further deterioration of environment seems inevitable in this region.爭(zhēng)論是免不了的，因?yàn)樗麄儽舜擞憛拰?duì)方。An argument was inevitable because they dislike each other.2. invariably occurring or appearing; predictable 經(jīng)常有規(guī)律地發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)的；可預(yù)見(jiàn)的e.g.具有可預(yù)見(jiàn)的季節(jié)變化的知識(shí)會(huì)有助于我們的旅行計(jì)劃。 An awareness of the

53、 inevitable changes of the seasons may help us with our travel plan. 2.2.12 in effect (L.80) in essence; in fact 實(shí)際上 e.g. 事實(shí)上，部長(zhǎng)的權(quán)利使他能夠取締一些項(xiàng)目。 The ministers powers allow him, in effect, to ban some programmes. 證詞實(shí)際上與她以前的話相反。In effect, the testimony contradicted her earlier statement.2.2.13 evaluate

54、v. (L. 81) find out or form an idea of the amount or value of; assess 評(píng)價(jià)；估計(jì)e.g. 對(duì)他一無(wú)所知，我無(wú)法評(píng)價(jià)他的能力。 Knowing nothing about him, I cant evaluate his ability. 這項(xiàng)研究將有助于評(píng)價(jià)近來(lái)發(fā)生的變化。 The study will assist in evaluating the impact of recent changes.3. Text B Material Things and Happiness3.2. Key Words and Usef

55、ul Expressions wear out (L. 9) 穿破； 用壞 e.g. 她開(kāi)始散步后，鞋子破得很快。 Her shoes wear out quickly when she goes walking. 毛巾反復(fù)使用，直到用壞為止。The towel was used again and again until it wore out. temporary a. (L. 19) 暫時(shí)的； 臨時(shí)的 e.g. 在找到滿意的工作前，他做臨時(shí)工作。He did a temporary job before he could find a satisfactory one.他雖符合這個(gè)IT公

56、司臨時(shí)主席的職位要求，但為了能有更多的時(shí)間和家人共享天倫，他還是決定不申請(qǐng)。 Although he was qulified for the post of Temporary Chairperson of the IT company, he decided not to apply so that he could spend more time with his family. spiritual a. (L.29) 精神的；精神上的 e.g. 劇院是她精神上的歸宿。. The theatre is her spiritual home. 我們需要物質(zhì)上的幸福和精神上的幸福 We ne

57、ed both material and spiritual happiness. other than (L. 44) 除了以外 e.g. 除了一個(gè)小妹妹外，她沒(méi)有其它近親屬了。 Other than one little sister, she has no close relatives. 除了游泳之外，你別無(wú)他法到達(dá)那里。You cant get there other than swimming. cultivate vt. (L.50) 培養(yǎng)；發(fā)展 e.g. 他培養(yǎng)了對(duì)藝術(shù)的愛(ài)好。 He cultivated a love of art. 主動(dòng)與同學(xué)發(fā)展良好的關(guān)系會(huì)對(duì)你有好處的。

58、It helps if you go out of your way to cultivate a good relationship with your classmates. take pains (L.68) 盡力；費(fèi)心 e.g. 瑪麗盡力寫好報(bào)告并按時(shí)上交。 Mary took pains with her report and handed it in on time. 他煞費(fèi)苦心確保每個(gè)人都吃好。 He took pains to see that everyone ate well. 3.2.7 purchase vt. (L.80) 購(gòu)買 e.g. 他買了一輛這些年來(lái)夢(mèng)寐以求的

59、車。He purchased a car he had dreamed for years. 吉爾先生在當(dāng)?shù)氐呐馁u會(huì)上見(jiàn)到了這一手稿，并花兩千美元買了下來(lái)。Mr. Gill spotted the manuscript at a local auction and purchased it for $2,000. inform vt. (L. 50) 通知；告知信息 e.g. 他給她寫了信，把情形告訴她。 He wrote to her, informing her of the situation. 護(hù)士告訴我們探視時(shí)間已經(jīng)結(jié)束。 The nurse informed me that vis

60、iting hours were over.Unit Four2.4 Key Words and Useful Expressions respect (L. 5) n.1. C a detail or point 點(diǎn)；方面e.g. I think you are right in every respect. 我認(rèn)為你各方面都正確。 To find the answer, scientists have made great efforts in this respect. 科學(xué)家們?cè)谶@方面做了大量工作以尋求答案。短語(yǔ)in this respect 在這個(gè)方面in every respect