電路專業(yè)術(shù)語分析解析

1、電路電流電荷電壓電位電位差電動勢功率能量電阻電導(dǎo)電感電容歐姆定律廣義歐姆定律參考方向電壓極性正極負(fù)極理想獨(dú)立電壓源Glossary of “ Principles of Electric CircuitsChapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuitselectrical circuit current electric chargevoltagepotentialpotential differenceelectromotive forcepowerenergyresistor / resistanceconductor / conduct

2、anceinductor / inductancecapacitor / capacitanceOhm s Lawgeneralized Ohm s Lawreference directionvoltage polaritypositive polaritynegative polarityideal independent voltage source理想獨(dú)立電流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source壓控電壓源voltage controlled voltage source(VCV

3、S) 壓控電流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS) 流控電壓源current controlled voltage source(CCVS) 流控電流源current controlled current source(CCCS) 節(jié)點(diǎn)node支路branch回路loop基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoff s Current Law(KCL)基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoff s Voltage Law(KVL)閉合面closed boundary集總參數(shù)lumped parameter集總參數(shù)電路lumped circuit集總參數(shù)元件lumped

4、 element分布參數(shù)distributed parameter分布參數(shù)電路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element無源器件passive element無損電路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串聯(lián)series connection分壓voltage division并聯(lián)parallel connection分流current division等效電阻equiva

5、lent resistanceY-變換Wye-Delta transformation入端電阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路電流法method of branch current節(jié)點(diǎn)法Nodal Analysis回路電流法loop current method麗L電流法mesh current method外網(wǎng)孔o(hù)uter mesh自導(dǎo)納self-admittance互導(dǎo)納mutual-admittance矩陣行列參考下點(diǎn)平面電路方程消去法克萊姆法則代入法運(yùn)算放大器同向輸入端反向輸入端輸出端等效電路模型開環(huán)放大倍數(shù)閉環(huán)放大倍數(shù)入端

6、電阻輸出電阻線性工作區(qū)正向飽和區(qū)反向飽和區(qū)同向放大matrixrowcolumnreference nodeplanar circuitequationelimination techniqueCramer s rulesubstitution methodoperational amplifier(op amp)noninverting inputinverting inputoutputequivalent circuit modelopen-loop gainclosed-loop gaininput resistanceoutput resistancelinear regionpos

7、itive saturationnegative saturationnoninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器積分器微分器自激振蕩疊加原理輸入/激勵輸出/響應(yīng)線性電路代數(shù)和替代定理戴維南定理諾頓定理二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)開路電壓短路電流特勒根定理功率平衡定理互易定理對偶原理對偶元件summing amplifierintegratordifferentiatorself-sustained oscillationCircuit Theoremssuperposition principle input / excitationoutput / resp

8、onselinear circuitalgebraic sum substitution principleThevenin s TheoremNorton s Theorem two-terminal circuit open-circuit voltage short-circuit currentTellegen TheoremPower-balancing Theorem reciprocal theorem principle of duality dual element對偶圖dual graphNonlinear Circuit非線性電路非線性元件壓控電阻流控電阻靜態(tài)電阻動態(tài)電阻

9、小信號分析小信號模型分段線性化法數(shù)值解法nonlinear circuitnonlinear elementvoltage-controlled resistor current-controlled resistorstatic resistancedynamic resistancesmall-signal analysissmall-signal modalpiece-wise linear mthodnumerical analysisFirst-order Circuit一階電路一階微分方程過渡過程儲能元件線性時不變電路單位階躍函數(shù)單位脈沖函數(shù)單位斜坡函數(shù)first-order ci

10、rcuitfirst-order differential equationtransient processenergy storage elementlinear time-invariable circuitunit step functionunit pulse functionunit ramp function起始條件起始值零輸入響應(yīng)零狀態(tài)響應(yīng)穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)暫態(tài)響應(yīng)時間常數(shù)指數(shù)函數(shù)階躍響應(yīng)沖激響應(yīng)自由響應(yīng)強(qiáng)迫響應(yīng)全響應(yīng)穩(wěn)態(tài)值卷積積分時域延遲換路跳變現(xiàn)象脈沖持續(xù)時間 脈沖重復(fù)周期 時域initial conditioninitial valuezero-input responsezero

11、-state responsesteady-state responsetransient responsetime constantexponential functionstep responseimpulse responsenatural responseforced responsecomplete responsefinal valueconvolution integrationtime delayswitchingjump phenomenonpulse durationrepeating period of pulsetime domainSecond-order Circu

12、it二階電路second-order circuit齊次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系數(shù)微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然頻率natural frequency衰減系數(shù)damping factor諧振角頻率resonant frequency / undampednaturalfr

13、equency過阻尼情況overdamped case欠阻尼情況underdamped case臨界情況critically damped case固有振蕩角頻率damping frequency / dampednaturalfrequency技減振蕩damped oscillation無損lossless正弦響應(yīng)sinusoidal response波形waveform實數(shù)real復(fù)數(shù)衰減Chapter 8幅值相位 相位差角頻率周期頻率正弦余弦初相角瞬時值 最大值 有效值root-meanu領(lǐng)先i u落后i同相反相實部complex attenuationSinusoidal Steady

14、-State Analysisamplitude / magnitudephasephase differenceangular frequencyperiodcyclic frequencysinusoidalcosineinitial phase angleinstantaneous valuemaximumeffective valuesquare value3 u leads i by （|）3 u lags i by （|）in phaseopposite in phasereal part虛部直角坐標(biāo)形式極坐標(biāo)形式指數(shù)形式相量參考相量電壓三角形瞬時功率平均功率阻抗導(dǎo)納電抗電納感性容

15、性正弦穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)時域相量域視在功率功率因數(shù)復(fù)功率功率三角形imaginary partrectangular formpolar formexponential formphasorreference phasorvoltage triangleinstantaneous poweraverage powerimpedanceadmittancereactancesusceptanceinductivecapacitivesinusoidal steady-state responsetime-domainphasor-domainapparent powerpower factor (pf)c

16、omplex powerpower triangle復(fù)共軻complex conjugate有功功率active power無功功率reactive power最大功率傳輸定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power 阻抗匹配impedance matching共軻匹配conjugate matchingMagnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感電壓mutual

17、 / induced voltage線圈coil鐵心線圈coil with iron core匝數(shù)turn耦合系數(shù)coupling coefficient變壓器transformer空心變壓器air-core transformer原邊primary coils / windings副邊secondary coils / windings引入阻抗理想變壓器全耦合變壓器變比自耦合變壓器多繞組變壓器右螺旋定則同名端漏感reflected impendenceideal transformerunity-coupled transformerturns ratio / transformation

18、ratioauto-transformermultiple-winding transformerright-handed screw ruledotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity leakage inductanceResonance串聯(lián)諧振series resonance并聯(lián)諧振parallel resonance諧振頻率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品質(zhì)因數(shù)quality factor頻率響應(yīng)frequency response選擇性selectivity選頻特性

19、frequency-selection characteristicFrequency Response復(fù)頻率complex frequency網(wǎng)絡(luò)函數(shù)network function轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transfer function多項式polynomial極點(diǎn)pole零點(diǎn)zero波特圖Bode plot分貝decibel增益gain對數(shù)logarithm半對數(shù)semilog轉(zhuǎn)折頻率corner / break frequency截止頻率cut-off frequency帶寬bandwidth無源濾波器passive filter有源濾波器active filter低通濾波器low-pass fil

20、ter高通濾波器high-pass filter帶通濾波器band-pass filter帶阻濾波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits對稱三相電源balanced three-phase sources對稱三相電路symmetrical three-phase circuit中線中性點(diǎn)三相四線制相電壓線電壓相序正序負(fù)序相電流線電流neutral lineneutral pointthree-phase four-wire systemphase voltageline voltagephas

21、e sequencepositive / abc sequencenegative / acb sequencephase currentline currentSteady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激勵nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里葉級數(shù)trigonometric Fourier series指數(shù)形式的付里葉級數(shù)exponential Fourier series付里葉系數(shù)Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波頻率fundamenta

22、l frequency諧波harmonic wave高次諧波higher harmonic頻譜frequency spectrum譜線線狀頻譜奇次spectrum lineline spectrumodd偶次even奇對稱odd symmetry偶對稱even symmetry半波對稱half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦爾定理Parseval s theoremFourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付里葉變換Fourier transformation拉普拉斯變換Laplace transformation原函數(shù)original

23、 function象函數(shù)transform function積分變換頻域幅度譜相位譜矩形脈沖 線性性質(zhì) 時域微分 時域積分 時域平移頻域平移integral transformationfrequency domainamplitude spectrumphase spectrumrectangular pulselinearitytime differentiationtime integrationtime shift frequency shift拉普拉斯反變換inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯變換對Laplace pairsTwo-port Netwo

24、rks端口port二端 口 網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-port network四端網(wǎng)絡(luò)four-terminal network / quadripoleZ 參數(shù)impedance parametersY 參數(shù)admittance parametersH 參數(shù)Hybrid parametersT 參數(shù)Transmission parameters策動點(diǎn)driving point（二端口）級聯(lián)cascade connection傳播常數(shù)transmission constantBasis of Network Graph Theory圖graph拓?fù)鋱Dtopological graph子圖subgraph連通

25、圖connected graph有向圖oriented graph樹tree樹支tree branch連支割集linkcut set降階關(guān)聯(lián)矩陣reduced incidence matrix增廣矩陣秩基本回路矩陣基本割集矩陣單位陣轉(zhuǎn)置陣正定矩陣非奇異矩陣逆矩陣方陣零矩陣行列式augmented matrixrankfundamental loop matrixfundamental cut set matrixunit matrix transposed matrixpositive definite matrixnonsingular matrixinverse matrixsquare

26、matrixzero matrixdeterminantState Variables Approach狀態(tài)變量state variable狀態(tài)方程stateequation狀態(tài)空間state space歹!J 向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristic vector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩陣similar matrixNonlinear Dynamic Circuits非線性時變電路 nonlinear time-varying circuit自治電路非自治電路前向歐拉法 forward Eular s method后向歐拉法 backward Eular s metho