不定代詞 (2)

1、不定代詞沒(méi)有確定的對(duì)象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。 不定代詞通?？梢宰鲋髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語(yǔ)，no和every 只能做定語(yǔ)。many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither

2、, each用于指兩者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。 1. some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 If you have any que

3、stions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea?3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone,

4、anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them.2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞：用于可數(shù)名詞 a few雖少，但有幾個(gè)few不多，幾乎沒(méi)有 用于不可數(shù)名詞 a little，

5、雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little不多，沒(méi)有什么2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí)) She slept very little last night.2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry.

6、 (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí)) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別 1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以

7、用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema

8、, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see anothe

9、r ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every與each的區(qū)別 each可單獨(dú)使用;可做代名詞、形容詞; 著重“個(gè)別”;用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物every 不可單獨(dú)使用;僅作形容詞;著重“全體”，毫無(wú)例外;用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人

10、或物用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every

11、child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語(yǔ)） = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ)) All the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ)) Thats all for today. (作表語(yǔ)) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ)) All

12、 the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ))2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are c