新概念第二冊(cè)第4課解析課件

1、Revision 寄，送明信片損壞博物館公共的友好的服務(wù)員借給決定整個(gè)的唯一的sendpostcardspoilspoilt/spoiledmuseumpublicfriendlywaiterlenddecisionwholesingleLesson 4 An exciting trip exciting adj.令人興奮的, 令人激動(dòng)的，振奮人心的這是多么令人興奮的消息！What exciting news this is! 那是一場(chǎng)令人興奮的比賽。That is an exciting game. 這是一本非常扣人心弦的書(shū)。This is a very exciting book. exc

2、iting a.令人興奮的, 使人激動(dòng)的 This news is very exciting . excited a.（自己）感到興奮的 We are very excited about this news.exciting adj. 令人興奮的（主語(yǔ)是物或事）The news is really exciting.這個(gè)消息真讓人興奮。 excited adj.感到興奮的（主語(yǔ)是人）I am excited.我感到很興奮。excite v. 激動(dòng)，令興奮The news excites me.這個(gè)消息讓我激動(dòng)。The excited girl is looking forward to h

3、er exciting first date with her Mr.Right.這個(gè)興奮的女孩渴望著和他的白馬王子的第一次激動(dòng)人心的約會(huì)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，帶-ed的詞表示人的感受，帶-ing的詞表示物的性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。【辨】 exciting, thrilling rlexciting 通常來(lái)形容讓人很激動(dòng)的人或事； thrilling 用來(lái)形容讓人激動(dòng)或害怕的發(fā)抖、令人難以控制情緒的事-ed自己感到 interested, bored, -ing令人感到interesting,boring,I am interested in this book.This is an interesting boo

4、k. surprising 令人驚喜的 surprised 感到驚喜的 interesting令人感興趣的 interested感到感興趣的 shocking令人震驚的 shocked 感到震驚的 satisfying令人滿(mǎn)意的 satisfied 感到滿(mǎn)意的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 touching 令人感動(dòng)的 touched 感到感動(dòng)的receive v.接受，收到（客觀的收到）1.接受，收到，接受她收到了一份禮物。 She received a present. receive a letter from sb. =hear from s

5、b. 收到的來(lái)信I received a letter from my brother.Have you received any letters today?This morning I receive a bunch of flowers.receive an invitation a letter from sb 接到某人的邀請(qǐng)函信2.接待，接見(jiàn)You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.如果你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個(gè)大房間。We usually receive guests on Saturda

6、y.我們通常星期六招待賓客。 區(qū)別用法：receive, accept, take區(qū)別用法：receive, accept, take這三個(gè)詞都有“接受”的意思。receive（客觀情況）只表示被動(dòng)地接受Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra 100 a year! 后來(lái)他笑了，并且告訴我說(shuō)，我將一年收到一百英鎊的額外收入！區(qū)別用法：receive, accept, takeaccept（主觀情況）總表示主動(dòng)而且高興地接受I accepted the invitation. 我接受邀請(qǐng)。She received his prese

7、nt, but she didnt accept it. 她收到了他的禮物，但是沒(méi)有接受區(qū)別用法：receive, accept, taketake所表示的接受包含著有人贈(zèng)給的意思Did you take his advice? 你接受了他的建議了嗎？He takes anything he is given. 給他什么他就要什么?！狙a(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)】有關(guān)“公司”的表達(dá)：firm 中小型公司；company正規(guī)公司；business商行； firm n.（尤作口語(yǔ)）公司He is working for a big firm.他在一家大公司工作。 company (更口語(yǔ)化）公司 corporatio

8、n 公司，法人，團(tuán)體 enterprise 事業(yè)單位，企業(yè)，公司 group 集團(tuán)公司2） adj.牢固的，穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)實(shí)的Prices are still firm.物價(jià)仍舊很穩(wěn)定。 as firm as rock 堅(jiān)如磐石 a firm foundation 堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)3）adj.堅(jiān)定的，堅(jiān)決的His reply to the request was a firm “No”!他堅(jiān)決地拒絕了這個(gè)要求。 different adj. 不同的 （反：same)A is different from B. A和B是不同的We are planning something different this

9、 year. 我們今年有不同的打算。My room is different from yours.我的房間與你的不同。Everyone is different from others.每個(gè)人都和別人不同的。 difference n.區(qū)別，差別 tell the difference between A and B 辨認(rèn)A和B的區(qū)別We can easily tell the difference between the twins.我們很容易辨認(rèn)雙胞胎的區(qū)別。different same相同的各種各樣的，不同的：He has visited many different places i

10、n China.他去過(guò)中國(guó)的不少地方。This department store sells a large number of different things.這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 adv. differently, n. difference centre n.中心，中央 （美式center）the center of town 市中心town centre= downtown 市中心，市區(qū)經(jīng)典用法：in the center of: 在中間, 在中央 in the middle of in the centre (of sp), adj. central中央的，中心的以

11、ant/ent結(jié)尾的為adj.以ance/ence結(jié)尾的為n. important 重要的 importance 重要性 patient 耐心的 patience 耐心 distant 遙遠(yuǎn)的 distance 距離abroad adv. 在國(guó)外，到處，海外，廣泛get abroad 出去, 出門(mén); (謠言)傳出去, 傳開(kāi)go abroad 去國(guó)外live abroad 到國(guó)外定居study abroad 到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)She is hungry for news of her husband working abroad. 她渴望得到國(guó)外工作的丈夫的消息。他在國(guó)外生活了許多年。 He lived

12、 abroad for many years.你出國(guó)度假嗎？Are you going abroad for your holidays?他有生以來(lái)從未到過(guò)國(guó)外。Hes never been abroad in his life. 【辨】 abroad, foreign, overseas【辨】 abroad, foreign, overseasabroad adv. 在國(guó)外，到國(guó)外：My brother has never been abroad before. 我弟弟以前從未出國(guó)。foreign adj. 外國(guó)的，國(guó)外的： I am on business in a foreign cit

13、y. 我在國(guó)外的一個(gè)城市出差的。overseas adv./ adj. 在海外； 外國(guó)的：One of my classmates lives overseas. 我的一個(gè)同學(xué)住在國(guó)外。a (great) number of: “許多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 比較：a number of / the number of A number of the workers are unskilled. 許多工人技術(shù)不熟練。 The number of skilled workers is small. 熟練工人數(shù)較少。DarwinPerthAlice Springs同位語(yǔ) (Appositives)

14、一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)）并列而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)。 同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間 用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。課文中有兩句話含有同位語(yǔ)：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.（Tim是my brother的同位語(yǔ)。它們指的是同一個(gè)人。Tim用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明my brother的名字）He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.（在這句話中 a sm

15、all town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這是個(gè)多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方） 同位語(yǔ)如果太長(zhǎng)，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個(gè)例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。” 如： This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)。 I have just received a letter from m

16、y brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Austral

17、ia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. I have just _ a letter_my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has _ there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working _a big firm and he has alre

18、ady _a great number of different places in Australia. He has just _an Australian car and has _to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never _ abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. receiv

19、edfrombeenforvisitedboughtgonebeen1. How long has Tim been in Australia? Listen and answer the question.Tim has been in Australia for six months.2. What does he do in Australia?He is working for a big firm as an engineer.3. Why is Tim finding the trip exciting?Because Tim has never been abroad befor

20、e. This is his first trip abroad.I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.receive sth. from sb. 收到從某人那里送出的某物收到某人來(lái)信get a letter from sb.have a letter from sb.hear from sb.This morning I received a letter from my mother. 此句中Tim 為 my brother的同位語(yǔ)， 對(duì)my brother 進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。He is in Australia. 介詞in在此實(shí)

21、際上表達(dá)一種狀態(tài)：在澳洲。 類(lèi)似介詞用法： at home 在家； on the Internet 在上網(wǎng)； on the phone 打電話He has been there for six months.has been + 地點(diǎn) + for + 時(shí)間 在某地多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間for six months 是表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)。 特別提醒初學(xué)者：“for + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”不能和瞬間性動(dòng)詞連用。 He arrived there for six months. (錯(cuò)誤) He has been there for six months. (正確)原因：瞬間動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作不可以延續(xù)，而be there 表示狀態(tài)

22、，可以延續(xù)。 So far, I have lived in Beijing for eight years. 到現(xiàn)在， 我已經(jīng)在北京住了8年了。Tim is an engineer. engineer: engine (發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)) + er（表人）= engineerfire engine 消防車(chē)engineer vt. 設(shè)計(jì)The villa is very well engineered. 這套別墅設(shè)計(jì)得很好。 He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places

23、 in Australia.a number of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large, great, small等形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量大小。A great number of students are fond of (愛(ài)好)music.A great number of boys like playing basketball.“大量，很多”有多種表達(dá)方式：many 常修飾可數(shù)名詞： many mistakes 許多錯(cuò)誤； many books 許多書(shū)a lot of = lots of 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：lots of words 很多單詞a whole l

24、ot of 一大堆，許多：a whole lot of paper 一大堆紙a great number of 很多的（多用于寫(xiě)作中），常修飾可數(shù)名詞： a great number of interesting stories 很多有趣的故事Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.蒂姆是個(gè)工程師，正在一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過(guò)澳大利亞的不少地方了。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)work for 在上班/

25、任職，強(qiáng)調(diào)workI am working for a school.我在學(xué)校任職。work in 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)（在哪個(gè)地方上班）I am working in the hospital.我在醫(yī)院工作。a great number of n +are 大量的，許多的There are a great number of beautiful flowers in the garden.在花園里有許多漂亮的花。 the number of n +is 的數(shù)量是The number of applicants is 70.申請(qǐng)者的數(shù)量是70人。 He has just bought an Austral

26、ian car and has gone to Alice Spring, a small town in the center of Australia. have been to +sp.去過(guò) have gone to +sp.去了還未回來(lái) He has gone to the cinema. 他去了電影院 He has been to the cinema. 他曾經(jīng)去過(guò)電影院。 a small town in the center of Australia 此部分為介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，in the center of Australia 為介詞 in 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，修飾 a smal

27、l town, 說(shuō)明其地理位置。 如: the girl under the tree 樹(shù)下的那個(gè)女孩； a pen on the desk 桌子上的一支筆； a man in the boat 船里的一個(gè)人；the light on the wall 墻上的燈。He will soon visit DarwinSoon：adv. shortly ; in a short timeShell soon/shortly be here.Soon got, Soon gone. 來(lái)得容易去得快。 1) visit somewhere 參觀某地： visit Shanghai 參觀上海； visit

28、 Zhouzhuang 參觀周莊 2）visit sb. 拜訪某人： visit my uncle 看望我的伯父； visit closest classmate 拜訪最親密的同學(xué)。From there, he will fly to Perth.fly to = go by plane 乘飛機(jī)到某地：tomorrow the little girl will fly to New York. 明天這個(gè)小姑娘將乘飛機(jī)去紐約。drive to somewhere 開(kāi)車(chē)去某地：I shall drive to my hometown. 我將開(kāi)車(chē)回老家。walk to somewhere 走到某地：

29、Bill often walks to his office. 比爾經(jīng)常走著去他的辦公室。My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. before 單獨(dú)放在句尾表示從前，常與完成時(shí)連用。 I have never seen The Rock, this wonderful movie, before.我以前從沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部精彩絕倫的大片石破天驚。 very exciting 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 this trip, 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。V+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) make the text easyFi

30、nd + n. + adj. find the trip exciting find the room clean Do you find the film disappointing? （失望）My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前從未出過(guò)國(guó)，因此，他覺(jué)得這次旅行非常激動(dòng)人心。find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺(jué)”講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（一般為形容詞），說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等。find +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ)When I returned home, I found t

31、he room clean.當(dāng)我回到家的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很干凈。She found her baby still asleep.她發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒還在睡.I find English difficult but interesting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)很難但很有趣。 I have just _ a letter_my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has _ there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working _a big firm and he has already _a great number o

32、f different places in Australia. He has just _an Australian car and has _to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never _ abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. receivedfrombeenforvisitedb

33、oughtgonebeennowpastfuture一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar 1. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍然有影響。常與表不確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): just, already, lately, ever, (not) yet, so far, up till now(到目前為止), for six months, since 1955, in past years.3. 漢語(yǔ)意思表：已經(jīng)4. 表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 不

34、能和點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞(非延續(xù)性)連用.I have lived/been here for four years.He has just retired. He has already retired.Has he retired yet? He hasnt retired yet.I have bought this book for ten months. （）I have got this book for ten months. 完成時(shí)態(tài)所關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響?？梢员硎咀罱瓿傻膭?dòng)作，也可以表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。They have left. （現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里）I ha

35、ve had my lunch. （我現(xiàn)在不餓） My wife has just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops here.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。She has lived in Beijing since she came to China.How many words have you learned this year?He has learned English since 2001.-從2001年開(kāi)始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與

36、一些詞、詞組連用 :ever（曾）never（未曾）already（已經(jīng)） yet（仍、還）just （剛剛）before（以前)The Present Perfect Tensefor + 時(shí)間段since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) 句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他） (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 stu

37、dy-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , play-played-played ,stay-stayed-stayed (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： 原型 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 AAA型 cut cut cut hit hit hit AAB型 beat beat beatenABA型 become became becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情況 read read

38、readread原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/,過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞發(fā)音為/red/ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtABC型 begin began begun write wrote written already, yet, ever, never, just的用法 already 肯定句，強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)的意思,放句中或句末. I have already finished my homework.= I have finished my homework already. 我已經(jīng)不是三歲小孩子了！yet 否定句、問(wèn)句，表示還沒(méi)，沒(méi)有的意思,放句末 He

39、hasnt finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? ever 問(wèn)句，表示曾經(jīng)的意思 Has John ever been to Zhuhai? never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒(méi)的意思 He has never been to China. just 肯定句，表示剛剛的意思 I have just come back from China.我剛剛才拿了工資。選擇already, yet, ever, never, justHave you seen the film ( )?-Have you done y

40、our homework ( )?-Not ( ), I will do it after supper.-Have you ( ) been to England?-No, ( ).I have ( ) finished reading the book.I have ( ) paid for the car.YetYetYetEverneverjust/ alreadyjust/ alreadyfor, since及how longFor + 時(shí)間段：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間Kate已經(jīng)在紐約10年了。Kate has been in New York for 10 years.How

41、long has Kate been in New York? Since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)（具體時(shí)間/ ago/ 某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間 ）：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的，間接地表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間Kate has been in New York since 2000.Kate has been in New York since ten years ago.Kate has been in New York since he first arrived. for,和since引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以回答由How long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題。動(dòng)作時(shí)間一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在已停止。表過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)

42、或特定時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響,并且仍可能在繼續(xù)表一段時(shí)間或不確定時(shí)間我住在這兒二十年了。I have lived here for twenty years.我參觀過(guò)這個(gè)城市。I have visited this city.我已經(jīng)把書(shū)還了。I have already returned the book.我認(rèn)識(shí)他三年了。I have known his for three years.我吃過(guò)晚飯了。I have already had supper.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 year

43、s / since 10 years ago.die 是終止性動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作,常用作謂語(yǔ),含義為“斷氣”。 dead是形容詞,與be動(dòng)詞連用,常用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示死的狀態(tài)。 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.keep3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.have get4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.been in5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.is off6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.is away7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.is on8. They ope