第四單元 英語合口雙元音

1、英語雙元音Diphthong英語合口雙元音 根據(jù)發(fā)音的特點，英語雙元音可分為：合口雙元音與集中雙元音。英語雙元音是由兩個音合二為一，發(fā)音時由第一個音向第二個音滑動，滑動過程中沒有任何停頓。雙元音發(fā)音飽滿、圓潤、悅耳動聽。英語雙元音由第一個音向第二個音滑動過程中，第一個音長而響亮，并自然而連貫地向第二個音滑動，第二個音短而模糊；一般來說，由第一個音向第二個音滑動時，不到第二個音的發(fā)音部位，發(fā)音即告完成。需要注意的是雙元音是從一個音節(jié)向另一個音節(jié)滑動，要防止把雙元音單音化。 合口雙元音/ei/, /u/, /ai/, /au/, /i/發(fā)音時，舌位從第一個元音前元音/e/、中元音/、后元音/a/,

2、 /分別滑向第二個元音/i/、/u/。因為這五個雙元音的第二元音/i/、/u/是合口元音，因此我們把這五個雙元音叫做合口雙元音。 英語合口雙元音1發(fā)音要點：發(fā)雙元音/ei/時，口形由 /e/ 向 /i/ 滑動，下巴向上合攏，舌位隨之抬高。注意雙元音的發(fā)音特點是前重后輕、前長后短。a beefsteak音素體驗：a table;a plate;a cake;a radio;an ashtray;/ei/對話演練(Dialogues) A: Happy birthday to Kate. A: What a beautiful cake! B: Yes, its Kates birthday ca

3、ke.A: How old is she? B: She is eighteen today.B: Wait a minute, Jane. its time to bake the bread.2) A: Mrs. Tayors a good dressmaker，isnt she?B: Yes. The new dress she made is great.A: Maybe I need her to make one for me.B: Maybe in April or May. 3) A: Hey, Rachel. Did you take the test?B: No, I co

4、uldnt make it. A: How come you couldnt make it? B: I went to see a Broadway Play. A: What a shame! When will you take the makeup test? 脫口而出(Speak Out ) 朗讀以下語句，注意發(fā)好雙元音/ei/。7) There is no way I can get out of it. No pain, no gain. 2) Call a spade a spade. 3) A penny saved is a penny gained.4) Haste ma

5、kes waste.5) I hate to trouble him. 6) She always calls a spade a spade.吃得苦中苦，方為人上人。實話實說。 一份耕耘，一份收獲。欲速那么不達。 英語中的四大音節(jié) 1. 開音節(jié) 開音節(jié)是以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾，或以輔音字母(r除外)加上不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，稱為開音節(jié)。開音節(jié)又可以分為絕對開音節(jié)和相對開音節(jié)。以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“輔音字母+元音字母。在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中元音字母讀字母表音，即a /ei/; e /i:/; i (y) /ai/; o /u/; u /ju:/或者/u:/。; e ; i(y)

6、 ; o ; u 或者. 1) 絕對開音節(jié):me I my go 例詞:/mi:/ai/mai/gu/以輔音字母(r除外)加上不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“元音字母+輔音字母+e。在此類結(jié)構(gòu)中元音字母的讀音與絕對開音節(jié)的讀音相同，即字母表音。 2) 相對開音節(jié): 例詞: anamehetime orusee I (y) ohome u makeshetypenosehugerule /ai/i:/ai/u/ju:/u:/ 2.閉音節(jié) 閉音節(jié)是指以一個或幾個輔音字母(r除外)結(jié)尾，前面只有一個輔音字母的重讀音節(jié)，稱為閉音節(jié)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“元音字母+輔音字母。在閉音節(jié)中元音字母讀短音，即:a

7、 /, e /e/, i (y) /i/, o /, u /。; e ; i (y) ; o ; u . 開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié)中元音字母的讀音比較: -r音節(jié)是元音字母+輔音字母r結(jié)構(gòu)的重讀音節(jié)。-r音節(jié)中的元音字母讀長音。3. -r音節(jié)例詞:-re音節(jié)是指在元音字母之后加re結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“元音字母+re，被稱為-re音節(jié)。-re音節(jié)中元音字母的讀音均包含/結(jié)尾的雙元音或三元音4. re音節(jié)注：元音字母假設(shè)在非重讀音節(jié)中出現(xiàn)，讀音那么有所不同，通常弱讀為/或/i/。 例詞:英語合口雙元音2發(fā)雙元音/u/時，口形由中元音/向/u/滑動，雙唇由扁平變?yōu)楹蠄A形，到/u/的位置就停止發(fā)音。發(fā)音要

8、點：音素體驗：a goata potatoa tomatoa nosea homea boat/u/對話演練 (Dialogues) B: In that case, we could just stay at home.2) A: What will you do tomorrow? B: Lets go to the Summer Palace to row a boat, shall we?A: Oh, Ive listened to the radio. The broadcast says tomorrow it will rain.A:The tomatoes? Theyre in

9、 the bowl in the cupboard.2) A: Joe, today you make supper for us, Ive got a little headache.B: OK, Rose. Wherere the potatoes, I cant find them.A: They are in the bag under the table.B: Oh, here they are. But where are the tomatoes, Rose?B: One kilo. Thanks.3) A: Im going to the grocery store. Woul

10、d you like to go with me?B: Sorry. I have to write a letter.A: Anything I can do for you?B: Can you get some tomatoes for me?A: OK. How many do you want?脫口而出(Speak Out) 朗讀以下語句，注意發(fā)好雙元音/u/。7) I know what you know. Dont go home alone, Joan.2) Little strokes fell great oaks. 3) As you sow, you shall mow

11、. 4) A straw will show which way the wind blows. 5) I hope nothing is wrong.6) Id like to purpose a toast.滴水穿石。 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音六個元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中一般弱讀為/或/i/.2. 在非重讀音節(jié)的某些詞中也讀作其他元音:3. 非重讀-r音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)那么英語合口雙元音3發(fā)雙元音/ai/時，由舌位低、口形大的前元音/a/向舌位高、口形小的/i/滑動。發(fā)音時舌尖要抵住下齒。發(fā)音要點:音素體驗: an icecreamI;a kite;a knife;a pi

12、e;a lighter;/ai/對話演練(Dialogues)B: Sure. Ive tried it，l) A: You bought a new motorcycle，didnt you? B: Yes. How do you like it?A: Its really stylish. Did you ride it?B: That would be my pleasure. 2) A: Its not easy to make a dinner for six, including Mike.B: Dont worry. I could give you a hand. My mea

13、t pies are terrific.A: OK. You could make six meat pies for us as the main dish.B: Well, I prefer pineapple flavor icecreams.3) A: Try the French fries. B: Well, the smells so nice. Mm, they are fried really well.A: Lets have icecreams for dessert. B: How many icecreams are there in the fridge?A: Le

14、t me see. Nine. Three of them are pineapple flavor.脫口而出(Speak out) 朗讀以下語句，注意發(fā)好雙元音/ai/。And watch the world with quiet eyes.1) Strike while the iron is hot.2) Time and tide wait for no man.3) A stitch in time saves nine.4) Great minds think alike.5) All day long the sun shines bright, The moon and the

15、 stars come out at night.From twilight time they line the skies，元音的長度 一個音發(fā)音時所用時間的長度叫做音長。英語的元音與輔音均有一定的長度。一般來講，元音比輔音長，雙元音的長度與長元音相同，短元音的長度相當(dāng)于長元音的一半。但英語的音長在語流中會發(fā)生顯著的變化，下面討論一下元音的長度。英語里的五個單元音/i:/a:/:/u:/:/和八個雙元音/ei/u/ai/au/i/i/e/u/都是長元音。它們都比短元音念得長，在以下幾種情況，其長度還略有不同: 1.同一個重讀的長元音在詞尾比在以輔音結(jié)尾的詞尾前念得長些。例如:在詞尾的元音長

16、，在詞尾輔音前的元音短。seat.go,goat;car,cart;see,2.同一個長元音在重讀音節(jié)中比在非重讀音節(jié)中念得長些。 例如:在重讀音節(jié)中元音長，在非重讀音節(jié)中元音短。adverb;verb,3.同一個重讀長元音在濁輔音前比在清輔音前念得長些。例如:濁輔音前的元音長，清輔音前的元音短。 eat leave, leaf;male,make;feed,4. 同一個長元音在單音節(jié)中比在兩個或多個音節(jié)的詞中念得長些。例如:單音節(jié)中的元音長，雙(多)音節(jié)中的元音短。loser.ask,asking;see,seeing;lose,英語合口雙元音4/au/發(fā)雙元音/au/時，由舌位低，口形大的

17、前元音/a/向舌位高、口形小的后元音/u/滑動，結(jié)束時雙唇收圓稍向前突。發(fā)音要點:音素體驗:an accountanta cow;a mouse;a house;a blouse;a towel;對話演練(Dialogues) B: Thats my son singing. But he sounds like hes shouting.1) A: Nice to meet you, Mrs. Brown.B: Nice to meet you, too. Mr. Howard.A: Listen! Whos shouting? A: Thats what I am worried abou

18、t. 2) A: I need someone to help me with the housework. B: What do you want him to do?A: Well, milk the cow, kill the mouse, wash the towel, and clean the house.B: How could you find the one that could do these things well?脫口而出( Speak Out )朗讀以下語句，注意發(fā)好雙元音/au/。6) How about going downtown, now?l) Round

19、and round he danced in front of the crowd.2) Brown spends hour after hour among his flowers.3) March wind and April showers bring May flowers4) Get out of my house now.5) Ive heard so much about you.“A very good supper, says he. 7) The owl looked down with his great round eyes. At the low clouds and

20、 the dark skies， “A good night for scouting, says he. With never a sound Ill go prowling around,A mouse or two may be found on the ground. Or a fat little bird in a tree. So down he flew from the old church Tower.The mouse and the birdie crouch and cower, Back he flies in half an hour， 不發(fā)音的元音字母與元音的省

21、略在英語語流中，有時會省略音節(jié)間或詞與詞之間的音素。音節(jié)間或詞與詞之間的省音就會造成有些字母不發(fā)音，有些是元音字母，有些是輔音字母。這些不發(fā)音的字母也沒有很清晰的規(guī)那么，但我們可以試圖理出一些線索幫助大家來記憶它們。 1.元音字母不發(fā)音的情況:1) 元音字母e在詞尾不發(fā)音。 例如: cake /keik/, bike /baik/,home /hum/ 2) 元音字母a/ e/ i/ o在非重讀音節(jié)中，當(dāng)前后都是輔音時，這幾個元音字母常常不發(fā)音。例如:modal /mudl/ travel /trvl/ cousin /kzn/ pardon /pa:dn/ 3)元音字母u在e和i前面有時不發(fā)

22、音。例如:catalogue /ktlg/guide/gaid/guest /gest/;guilt /gilt/;guitar /gitta:/;4)元音字母組合也有不發(fā)音的情況。 例如:beautiful /bju:tiful /;certainly /s:tnli/ 2.在語流中，音節(jié)間或詞與詞之間的詞素省略叫做省音。省音是英語中常見的音變現(xiàn)象，可以分為元音的省略和輔音的省略。這里先說說元音的省略。 元音的省略往往導(dǎo)致整個音節(jié)的脫落，元音的省略通常是弱化的結(jié)果，主要是省略非重讀音節(jié)中的/和/i/。l) 省略 factory/fktri/restaurant/restrnt/ diffic

23、ult /difiklt/ different /difrnt/father and son over and again 2) 省略university.easily;family;3)省略ordinary/i/和/i/英語合口雙元音5發(fā)音要點:發(fā)雙元音/i/時，由后、低元音/向前、高元音/i/滑動，口形由開、圓逐漸變?yōu)楹?、扁，尾音短促。音素體驗:a lot of noisea boy;a toy;a gold coin;a bottle of oil;a boild egg;/i/對話演練(Diologues)B: And some corn, thats all. 1) A: Can I

24、 help you?B: I want some oil, some oysters, and some boiled eggs.A: Anything else? A: No, I wont. 2) A: I want to buy a toy for Roy. B:For Roy? You want to buy him another toy?A: Why not? He enjoys playing with toys.B: He enjoys destroying toys.Youd better not to spoil the boy.脫口而出(Speak Out)朗讀以下語句，注意發(fā)好雙元音/i/ 。6) Its a joy to watch the boy playing with his toy.1) Come and enjoy the oyster. 2) Dont spoil Roy by giving him too many toys.3) The smell of oil is most annoying. 4) Let us join hands in friendship.5) Im in a hurry, so get t