安全系統(tǒng)工程培訓(xùn)通用通用課件

1、Safety EngineeringNASAs illustration showing high impact risk areas for the International Space StationSafety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. It is strongly related to industrial engineering/systems engineering, and

2、the subset system safety engineering. Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed, even when components fail.常用術(shù)語(yǔ)危險(xiǎn)：hazard安全：safe事故：accident風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：risk災(zāi)害：disaster系統(tǒng)：system可靠性：reliability安全分析：safety analysis安全評(píng)價(jià)：safety evaluationAccident causation models 事故致因理論 Safety managem

3、ent 安全管理 Physical conditions 物質(zhì)條件 Loss prevention 損失預(yù)防Top management高層管理人員 Human errors人因失誤Hazard control 危險(xiǎn)控制Corporate culture 企業(yè)文化 Risking taking 冒險(xiǎn)行為Safety officer 安全官員 Safety committee 安全委員會(huì) Unionized company 集團(tuán)公司 Safety principle 安全規(guī)則 Status review 狀態(tài)審查Supervisory level 監(jiān)督層 Implement plan 執(zhí)行計(jì)劃

4、Hazard identification 危險(xiǎn)辨識(shí) Safety performance 安全性能Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design and manage complex systems over their life cycles. At its core systems engineering utilizes systems thinking principles to organ

5、ize this body of knowledge. Issues such as requirements engineering, reliability, logistics, coordination of different teams, testing and evaluation, maintainability and many other disciplines necessary for successful system development, design, implementation, and ultimate decommission become more

6、difficult when dealing with large or complex projects. System EngineeringSystems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods, and risk management tools in such projects. It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, manuf

7、acturing engineering, control engineering, software engineering, electrical engineering, cybernetics, organizational studies and project management. Systems engineering ensures that all likely aspects of a project or system are considered, and integrated into a whole.The systems engineering process

8、is a discovery process that is quite unlike a manufacturing process. A manufacturing process is focused on repetitive activities that achieve high quality outputs with minimum cost and time. The systems engineering process must begin by discovering the real problems that need to be resolved, and ide

9、ntify the most probable or highest impact failures that can occur systems engineering involves finding elegant solutions to these problems.System characteristics: Unity整體性 Relativity相關(guān)性 Objective, Goal & Function目的性和功能性 Adaptability to the Environment環(huán)境適應(yīng)性 Dynamic動(dòng)態(tài)性 System has its own order有序性Class

10、ification of system Natural and Human-Made System 自然系統(tǒng)和人工系統(tǒng)Physical and Conceptual System 實(shí)體系統(tǒng)和抽象系統(tǒng)Static and Dynamic System 靜態(tài)系統(tǒng)和動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)Control and Behavior System 控制系統(tǒng)和行為系統(tǒng)Open and Closed System 開放系統(tǒng)和封閉系統(tǒng)System engineering methodEngineering logicEngineering analysisStatistical theory and probability

11、theoryOperations researchSystem engineering principle系統(tǒng)原理整分合原理反饋原理彈性原理封閉原理能級(jí)原理動(dòng)力原理激勵(lì)原理System principlePrinciple of integral -divisionFeedback principleElasticity principleClosure principleEnergy level principleDynamic principleIncentive principleSafety System Engineering1.Features of safety system系統(tǒng)

12、性開放性 確定性與非確定性 有序與無序的統(tǒng)一體 突變性或畸變性SystematicnessOpennessCertainty and uncertaintyUnity of order and disorderSudden or abnormal degeneration2.Safety System Engineering Definition 安全系統(tǒng)工程是運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)工程方法，識(shí)別、分析、評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)壽命周期中的危險(xiǎn)性，根據(jù)其結(jié)果調(diào)整工藝、設(shè)備、操作、管理、生產(chǎn)周期和投資等因素，控制可能發(fā)生的事故，使系統(tǒng)處于最佳安全狀態(tài)。DefinitionSafety system engineering i

13、s a method of using system engineering to identify, analyze and evaluate the hazards in the life cycle of a system.According to the results, it adjusts the process, equipment, operation, management, production cycle, investment and other factors to control the possible accidents, so that the system

14、is in the optimal security state.Three subsystems:Human subsystemsMachine subsystemsEnvironment subsystem3.Research object of safety system engineering These three interrelated, mutually constrained, interactive subsystems constitute an organic whole of a human-machine-environment system. Analysis,

15、evaluation, control human - machine - environment system security, can really solve the system safety issues.4.Research contents of safety system engineering The basic task of safety systems engineering is to predict, evaluate and control hazards. The analysis process can be summarized as follows:Sy

16、stem safety analysis (identification and forecasting hazards);Risk (safety) evaluation (including human, machine, material, craft, environment, organization, etc);Comparison;Comprehensive evaluation;Optimize the decision of the plan. The main technical means can be summarized as system safety analys

17、is, system safety evaluation and safety decision-making and accident control. System Safety Analysis Through the system safety analysis, you can identify the dangerous sources in the system, analyze the possible dangerous states, estimate the probability of the accident, the possible damage and the

18、severity of the consequences, by modifying the system design or change the control system to run the program.main contentInvestigate and analyze the various dangerous sources and their relations in the systemConduct investigation and analysis of system-related environmental conditions, equipment, pe

19、rsonnel and other relevant factorsAnalyze measures that can take advantage of appropriate equipment, procedures, processes or materials, control or eradicate a particular hazard sourceInvestigating and analyzing hazard control measures and the best way to implement these measuresInvestigation and an

20、alysis of dangerous sources that can not be eradicated to lose or reduce the possible consequences of controlInvestigation and analysis of safety hazards in order to prevent injury and loss if the hazard is out of controlCommon method預(yù)先危險(xiǎn)性分析 （PHA）安全檢查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影響分析 （FEMA）危險(xiǎn)和可操作性研究(HAZOP) 事件樹分析(ET

21、A)事故樹分析（FTA)系統(tǒng)可靠性分析（）原因-后果分析（CCA)Preliminary Hazard AnalysisSafety Checklist AnalysisFailure Mode and Effect AnalysisHazard and Operability AnalysisEvent Tree AnalysisFault Tree AnalysisSystem Reliability AnalysisCause Censequence analysisClassification InductionQualitative analysisQuantitative anal

22、ysisDeduction Preliminary Hazard Analysis(PHA)，是在每項(xiàng)工作活動(dòng)之前，對(duì)系統(tǒng)存在的危險(xiǎn)類型、來源、出現(xiàn)條件、到事故后果及相關(guān)措施，作一概略分析?？傊丛谛袆?dòng)之前作一安全分析，以避免考慮不周造成的各種損失。1、Main content of PHA識(shí)別危險(xiǎn)的設(shè)備、零部件并分析其發(fā)生的可能性和條件； Identify dangerous equipment, parts and analyze the likelihood and conditions of their occurrence;分析系統(tǒng)中各子系統(tǒng)，各元件的交接面及其相互關(guān)系與影響； A

23、nalysis of the subsystems in the system, the components of the intersection and their relationship & influence;分析物質(zhì)危險(xiǎn)性（MSDS，相關(guān)的檢測(cè)）；Analysis of material hazards 分析工藝過程危險(xiǎn)性(含裝置存在的危險(xiǎn)性) ；Analyze the process hazard (including the presence of the device)人、機(jī)關(guān)系(操作、維修等) Human-machine relationship環(huán)境條件危險(xiǎn)性分析； Ri

24、sk analysis of environmental conditions防護(hù)措施和安全保障分析。 Protection measures and safety and security analysis.2、advantages 分析工作在行動(dòng)之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危險(xiǎn)； Early elimination, reduction and control of hazards;系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝、檢修等過程的分析結(jié)果，可以作為應(yīng)遵循的注意事項(xiàng)和指導(dǎo)方針； Guidelines可為制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范提供必要資料； 可以作為安全教育的教材。 Safety education Gen

25、eral steps Preliminary Hazard Analysis including three stages: preparation, review, and the results summary確定系統(tǒng)對(duì)象；資料調(diào)查收集；系統(tǒng)功能分解；分析辨識(shí)危險(xiǎn)；確定危險(xiǎn)等級(jí)；制定措施；實(shí)施措施。Determine the system object;Data collection;System function decomposition;Analysis and identification of hazards;Determine the hazard level;Develop

26、measures;Implementing measures.分析、辯識(shí)危險(xiǎn) Dangerous and harmful factorsInherent riskOccupational diseaseRisk of storage1、Safety Analysis of Household Water Heater 熱水器用煤氣加熱，裝有溫度和煤氣開關(guān)連鎖，當(dāng)水溫超過規(guī)定溫度時(shí)，連鎖動(dòng)作將煤氣閥門關(guān)??；如果發(fā)生故障，則由泄壓安全閥放出熱水，防止事故發(fā)生。為了防止煤氣漏出和爐膛內(nèi)滯留煤氣在熱水器內(nèi)設(shè)有燃?xì)獍踩刂葡到y(tǒng)，由長(zhǎng)明火、熱電偶和電磁閥組成。由于長(zhǎng)明火存在，即使溢出煤氣也不會(huì)發(fā)生爆炸。若

27、長(zhǎng)明火滅了，熱電偶起作用，通過電磁閥將煤氣關(guān)閉，防止事故發(fā)生。Water heater heating by coalgas. It equipped with temperature and gas switch chain, when the water temperature exceeds the specified temperature, the chain action will close the gas valve;If the fault occurs, accidents prevented by the hot water release from pressure r

28、elief valve. In order to prevent gas leakage and furnace gas retention, the gas safety control system is located outside the heater.In order to prevent gas leakage and furnace gas retention. Gas safety control system consists of everlasting fire, thermocouple and electromagnetic valve. Due to the existence of everlasting fire, explosion will never happen even if the gas leak . If the fire is off, the thermocouple work and tu