英語句子成分圖PPT課件

1、英語句子概論 基本成分 附屬成分 獨立成分 省略成分 連接成分 簡單句簡單句 并列句并列句 復合句復合句第1頁/共31頁 主語 不及物動詞 （ S + Vi ） 主語 及物動詞 賓語 ( S + Vt + O) 主語 系動詞 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主語雙賓動詞+間賓+直賓(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主語 賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie / live.簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句的五種基本句型主語、動詞（不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及

2、補語可以稱為基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分，至多4個基本成分。第2頁/共31頁nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / com

3、e / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.第3頁/共31頁主語 不及物動詞She came/ My head aches.主語 及物動詞 賓語She likes English.主語 系動詞 主語補語She is happy主語 雙賓動詞 間接賓語 直接賓語She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語 賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked

4、 me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.簡單句基本句型實例簡單句基本句型實例第4頁/共31頁附屬成分附屬成分基本成分的修飾語。可以是： 定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。定定 語語Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrati

5、onsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.第5頁/共31頁John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yeste

6、rday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀狀 語語第6頁/共31頁Examples:Oh！What is that！（驚嘆詞）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼語）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關系。獨立成分第7頁/共31頁（You） Come here（I wi

7、sh you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分第8頁/共31頁連接成分連接成分連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾

8、個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞主要用于引導各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到4個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。第9頁/共31頁簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結構），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種作用中的一種。 作一種陳述 提出一個問題 發(fā)出一種命令或請求 表示一種感嘆Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the b

9、ooks. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!第10頁/共31頁簡單句的基本詞序主語動詞部分賓語 狀語（謂語） 方式 地點 時間Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stoppe

10、d suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.第11頁/共31頁簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進行擴展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little

11、boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.第12頁/共31頁兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應注意主語和謂語動詞的一致

12、性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flyin

13、g to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主語、謂語、賓語的合并第13頁/共31頁兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。I met Jane. I met her

14、 husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband.兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang

15、 and danced all night.主語、謂語、賓語的合并第14頁/共31頁并列句并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，這種結構即構成一個并列句。用分號：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.第15頁/共31頁并列句并列句常用并列連詞

16、coordinating conjunctions 平行并列連詞: 轉折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor第16頁/共31頁并列句并列句并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句的詞序。主語 謂語 賓語 連詞 主語 動詞 表語Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡單句型可用并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。 主 謂 狀（方式）

17、連 主 謂 表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主 謂 賓 連 主 謂 地點I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主 謂 賓 賓補 連 主 謂 賓They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.第17頁/共31頁Exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The chi

18、ld hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.第18頁/共31頁由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構成的句子。在英語書面語中應用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在。

19、復合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構成,但復合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞引導（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復合句 = 主句 + 從句復合句復合句第19頁/共31頁復合句是在簡單句的基礎上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構成。從屬連詞所引導的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復合句主要包含以下類型從句： 1. 主語從句 2. 賓語從句3. 表語從句 4. 定語從句5. 狀語從句 6. 同位語從句 英文寫作中最常使用的從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句1. 賓語從句賓語從句2. 狀語從句狀語從句 3. 定語從句定語從句第20頁/共31頁復合句與簡單句：

20、復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fathered wa

21、s working in that school.賓語從句第21頁/共31頁復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句I dont knowhim.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washing

22、ton.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.第22頁/共31頁復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主語That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contra

23、ct.第23頁/共31頁復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句That is the fact.表 語what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.第24頁/共31頁復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句He worked in that factory three years ago.地點狀語時間狀語where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived the

24、reHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.第25頁/共31頁復合句與簡單句：復合句 = 簡單句 + 從屬連詞 +簡單句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點狀語where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.第26頁/共31頁指出下列各從句的類型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句PracticPracticPractice e e第27頁/共31頁用所給連詞連接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found ou