英語完成時的用法

1、助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有人稱。人稱?，F(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語連用。等狀語連用。例如：例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you eve

2、r ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。 如：如：for和和sin

3、ce，以及，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等等一段時間的表達方法有兩種一段時間的表達方法有兩種:for: +一段時間一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 過去的某一時刻過去的某一時刻, since nine since last week 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間.He has b

4、een away since last week.He has been away for one week.對劃線部分提問都用對劃線部分提問都用How long have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過曾經(jīng)去過”某地，說某地，說話時此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。話時此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地，某地，說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京

5、。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。1.我們買這本書三年了我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for three years.2.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句成時態(tài)可以

6、構(gòu)成同意句結(jié)束性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用結(jié)束性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動詞直接用延續(xù)性動詞 buy catch(get) a cold borrowCome/go /become put on-2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞名詞 join the army Join the Party go to school Have have a coldkeepbewearbe a soldierbe a Party memberbe a student3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 d

7、ie finish begin leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closedbe deadbe overbe on4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school be in school join the army be in the army3.上星期我借了這本書上星期我借了這本書 I have kept the book since last week.4.我成為一個學生兩年多了我成為一個學生兩年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the

8、book last week.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.過去完成時過去完成時1. She cleaned the room.2. She locked the door. now cleaned the roomlocked the doorBy the time she locked the door, she had cleaned the room.I got outs

9、idethe bus left1. The bus left. 2. I got outside.By the time I got outside, the bus had left . now 2. He played ping pong1. He finished his homework now played ping pongfinished his homeworkBy the time he played ping pong, he had finished his homework Discussion: 過去完成時過去完成時1.The structure of the Pas

10、t perfect tense:（結(jié)構(gòu)）（結(jié)構(gòu)）2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定義）（定義）had + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 (p.p.)定義：定義：表示在過去的某一時間或動作之前已表示在過去的某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。即：經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。即：過去的過去的過去。過去。1.在老師進入教室前在老師進入教室前, 李磊擦了黑李磊擦了黑 板板.LiLei _ (clean) the blackboard by the time the teacher came into the classroom.had clea

11、ned2. 當我們到那兒時火車已經(jīng)離開了。當我們到那兒時火車已經(jīng)離開了。The train _ (leave) when we arrived there.had left構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： 1. Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _?A havent you B have you C do you D dont you2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _ her parents.3. I have watched the game. -When _ you _ it?A have watched B do

12、 watch C did watch D will watch4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago.A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live5. His grandma _ for two years.A died B has been dead C was dead D has died6. Where is Han Mei now? - She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.A has gone B has been C goes

13、 D had gone7. -_ to the United Stated ? - No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago8. You havent changed your mind,_?A do you B are you C have you D did you9. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A been on B been at C joined D played10. -Where have you _ these days? - I have _ to Dazhu with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone11. How long have you _ this book?A bought B b