英美文學選讀作家作品合集

1、古英語Old English 450-1066中世紀英語(文學) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century喬叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry first time to use 'heroic couplet' 英雄體雙行詩文藝復興(含義)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival人文主義Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & t

2、he importance of the present life1.斯賓塞Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet詩人中的詩人仙后2.馬洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse無韻詩體, hyperbole夸張浮士德博士的悲劇 - the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness 對知識、權(quán)利、幸福的追求 pastoral(牧人的,田園的) life3.莎士比亞William Shake

3、speare - above all writers in the past and in the present time 四大悲劇Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth 十四行詩第18首 eternal or immortal beauty 威尼斯商人 to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the i

4、nsatiable greed and brutality哈姆雷特 hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger (復仇者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action 獨白 Soliloquy or monologue - fully

5、 reveal the inner conflict of the characters 4.培根Francis Baconbrevity, compactness(簡潔) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English proseInductive method 歸納法 in place of deductive method 演繹法論學習 uses and benefits of study - studies serve for delight, for ornam

6、ent, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary 互補 to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over hum

7、an character -reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.5.鄧恩John Donne玄學詩派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段論日出 the busy sun i

8、s always ready to interfere with(干擾) other things and everywhere致死神 whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure

9、 of the rest & the sleep, because 'whom the gods love die young'. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's body and a birth for his soul. 6.彌爾頓John Milton失樂園 the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conf

10、lict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.復樂園力士參孫 the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. 新古典主義Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restraine

11、d emotion抑制情感 & accuracy 怯懦 啟蒙思想(運動) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science 哥特式小說Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖7.班揚John Bunyan(“浮華集市”) from 天路歷程, a religious allegory (寓言), pursue the truth 8.蒲伯Alexander Pope論批評 a poe

12、m written in heroic couplets, criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance(指導), 'true wit' is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style. 9. 笛福Daniel Defoethe first writer study of the lower-classpeople羅賓漢, pra

13、ise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude 清教徒堅韌10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist諷刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的 flawed有瑕疵的 Proper words in proper places溫和的建議 格列佛游記, four parts - Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm11.菲爾丁Henry Fielding英語小

14、說之父 Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose湯姆·瓊斯 12.約翰遜Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener英文字典致切斯特菲爾德勛爵的信13. 謝里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the only important English dramatist of the 18th century情敵 and造謠學校 are regarded as import

15、ant links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. 14.格雷Thomas GrayThe Graveyard(墓地) School寫在教堂墓地的挽歌 浪漫傳奇Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit人文主義精神, poetry should be

16、free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplaceThe romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's 浪漫主義時期 The Romantic Period15.布萊克William Blake -engraver雕刻家掃煙囪的人 from天真與經(jīng)驗之歌 a happy and innocence world from children's eye; from 經(jīng)驗之歌 a world of misery, poverty,

17、 disease, war and repression with a melancholy 憂郁的tone from men eyes Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites; 泰戈< The Tyger >16.華茲華斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自發(fā)的, worshipper of nature' Lake Poets' - William Wordswort

18、h, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey騷賽He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected沉思默想的 in tranquillity安靜'.“我孤獨地游蕩，就象一朵云” the poet is very cheerful with recallin

19、g the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙 and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.威斯敏斯特橋上,1802年9月3日 the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, gli

20、ttering, smokeless & mildly. It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety 虔誠for nature. 17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(對話的)The demonic group includes 3 masterp

21、ieces 古舟子詠(又,老水手之行),庫里斯特白(克里斯塔貝爾)< Christabel>,忽必列汗 18.拜倫George Gordon Byron拜倫式英雄'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin貴族血統(tǒng), against tyrannical殘暴的 rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in恰爾德·哈羅德游記.'will die fighting, or live free'

22、 the Luddites destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poet's great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown. from唐璜 (the masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem), song by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee.

23、 'Fill high the bowl with Samian wine'? 19.雪萊Percy Bysshe Shelley致英國人民 西風頌 terza rima三行體, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, 'I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!', 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' 20.濟慈John Keats 4 great odes 憂郁頌,希臘古甕頌 ,夜鶯頌, 倦怠頌 the

24、 contrast between the permanence永久 of art and the transience 短暫of human passion, 'Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter', 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'21.簡奧斯汀Jane Austen傲慢與偏見The Victorian Period達爾文物種起源Darwin's and 人類起源 shook the traditional faith, everything i

25、s created by God功利主義Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 維多利亞時期 The Victorian Period22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判現(xiàn)實主義作家 of the Victorian Age維多利亞時代Character-portrayal描寫 is the

26、 most distinguishing feature特點 of his works A mingling混合 of humor and pathos 悲傷,惆悵雙城記 霧都孤兒23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Brontë Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Brontë, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. 簡·愛 呼嘯山莊24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Po

27、et Laureate桂冠詩人, a real artist 拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧 the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the 無憂無慮carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling無情的 movement of the ship and the sea waves過沙洲 we can feel his fearlessness無畏的 towards death, his faith in God and an afterl

28、ife死后. 'Crossing the bar' means leaving this world and entering進入 the next world陰間“尤利西斯” not endure忍耐 the peaceful commonplace平凡的事everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, '

29、;Myself not least, but honour'd of them all'means I am not the least important, but honored by all of them 25.布朗寧Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue指環(huán)與書 his masterpiece 我逝去的公爵夫人 this dramatic monologue is the duke's speech addressed to

30、the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man26.喬治·艾略特George Eliot: As a 女性作家woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women米爾德馬契 a sharp contrast is set between the cold,li

31、feless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor 27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主義naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方鄉(xiāng)土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment'德勃家的苔斯 experience is as to intensity劇烈, and not as to duration持續(xù)?夜里的相會 ?早上的分別現(xiàn)代主義

32、 The Modern Period28.蕭伯納George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo信條 of “art for arts sake”, vehemently 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap, hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from

33、 a radical reformist point of view.鰥夫的房產(chǎn) 康帝坦 華倫夫人的職業(yè) 愷撒和克里奧佩特拉 圣女貞德 人與超人 皮格馬利翁 回到麥修色拉 Methuselah> 蘋果車 29.高爾斯華綏 John Galsworthy- was born into a upper-middle-class上層(富裕的)中產(chǎn)階級 family.銀盒 established his prominent novelist and playwright in the public mind.第一個三步曲Trilogy-福賽特世家:有家產(chǎn)的人,進退兩難(騎虎難下), 出租 第二個

34、三步曲second Forsyte trilogy:現(xiàn)代喜劇 第三個三步曲 30.葉芝 William Butler Yeats was born into an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin. organized the Irish National Dramatic Socirty and opened the Abbey Theatre. a moderate nationalist. build a mystical system of beliefs(history, life followed a circular spiral螺旋

35、 pattern consisting of long cycles which repeatd themselves over and over on different levels).象征symbol : “winding stairs旋梯”, “spinning tops陀螺”, “gyres旋轉(zhuǎn)”, “spirals” long poetic career, 3 period茵尼斯弗利島 夢見仙境的人Fneryland> 麗達及天鵝 在學童們中間31. T. S.艾略特 T. S. Eliot普魯弗洛克的情歌 荒原 灰星期三四個四重奏32.勞倫斯 D. H. Lawrence兒

36、子和情人 虹 戀愛中的女人33.喬伊斯 James Joyce都柏林人 青年藝術家的肖像 尤利西斯 美國部分Started with Washington Irving's and ended with Whitman's , also called 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to natureNew England Transcendentalism 先驗主義/超驗主義1.歐文Washington Irving -

37、 father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever producedFirst novel contains German folk tales ,of Sleepy Hollow>2.愛默生Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New EnglandTranscendentalism movementa reflection upon the aest

38、hetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in Americaa discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinary lifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, over-soul, individual, natureis regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism3.霍桑Nathaniel H

39、awthorne Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 4.惠特曼Walt WhitmanOpenness, freedom, individualism I - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing)A

40、 new ideal, a new world, a new life-stylehow a child is greatly influenced by his growing environmentsa scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen.Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas 5.麥

41、爾維爾Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniacRealistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the i

42、nteresting features of everyday existence Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon man's control 6.馬克·土溫Mark Twain - the true father of American literature Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age 3 boyhood books , , Huck's i

43、nner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is. 7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free associationthe narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most inno

44、cent girl. The clash is between two different cultures. 8.迪金森Emily Dickinson Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joysexpress Dickinson's anxiety about her communication with the outside world.description of a moment of deathDickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, li

45、ke a horse.personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt 9.西奧多·德萊塞Theodore Dreiser - America's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - ,

46、, 'who shall cast the first stone?' Thee modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorderSeize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis Imagist movement, Jazz

47、Age 10.龐德Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the 'Imagist Movement' Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotions, Pound uses the image of petals on wet, black boughs.

48、 agreement with Whitman's free verse 11.弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene 12.尤金·奧尼爾Eugene O'Neill - founder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times毛猿13.司哥特·費茲杰拉德F. Scott Fitzgerald - spokesman of the Jazz Age, Dollar

49、Decade, 1920s A double vision of the Jazz Age, both an insider and an outsiderAmerican Dream了不起的蓋茨比14.海明威Ernest Hemingway - awarded the Nobel Prize Iceberg style, Code hero, the lost generation, grace under pressure from birth and death coexist 15.?？思{·William Faulkner - awarded a Nobel Prize So

50、uth, imprisonment in the past Stream of consciousness, multiple points of view Yoknapatawpha CountryEmily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.美國文學 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托馬斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Of

51、ficers of Excise稅務員問題；Common Sense常識；American Crisis美國危機；Rights of Man人的權(quán)利：Downfall of Despotism專制體制的崩潰；The Age of Reason理性時代 Philip Freneau菲利普·弗倫諾1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英國囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans紀念美國勇士-同類詩中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金銀

52、花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殯葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富蘭克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richards Almanack窮查理歷書；The Way to Wealth致富之道；

53、The Autobiography自傳 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving華盛頓·歐文1783-1859 A History of New York紐約的歷史-美國人寫的第一部詼諧文學杰作；The Sketch Book見聞札記The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說-使之成為美國第一個獲得國際聲譽的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田莊；Talks of Travellers旅客談；The Alhambra阿爾罕伯拉 James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·費尼莫爾

54、·庫珀1789-1851 The Spy間諜;The Pilot領航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer殺鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature論

55、自然-新英格蘭超驗主義者的宣言書;The American Scholar論美國學者;Divinity;The Oversoul論超靈;Self-reliance論自立;The Transcendentalist超驗主義者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英國人的特征;School Address神學院演說 Concord Hymn康考德頌;The Rhodo杜鵑花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首開自由詩之先河 Henry David Threau亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅1817-1862 Wadden,or Life

56、in the Woods華騰湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃茲沃思·朗費羅1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海華沙之歌-美國人寫的第一部印第安人史詩;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民謠及其他詩;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poe

57、ms布魯茨的鐘樓及其他詩;Tales of a Wayside Inn路邊客棧的故事-詩集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生禮物/Paul Reveres Ride保羅·里維爾的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish邁爾斯·斯坦迪什的求婚-敘事長詩；Poems on Slavery奴役篇-反蓄奴組詩 Nathaniel Hawthorne納撒尼爾·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales盡人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古

58、屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年輕的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter紅字;The House of the Seven Gables有七個尖角閣的房子-心理若們羅曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷傳奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像 Herman Melville赫爾曼·梅爾維爾1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鯨；Typee泰比;Omoo奧穆;Mardi瑪?shù)?Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮爾埃;Piazza廣場故事

59、;Billy Budd比利·巴德 Walt Whitman沃爾特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草葉集:Song of the Broad-Axe闊斧之歌;I hear America Singing我聽見美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloomd小院丁香花開時;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪漢和罷工問題;Song of Myself自我之歌 Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emi