Book V,Lesson Two

1、Lesson Two The Game of the NameBy Peter FarbPeter Farb (1929-1980) : author, anthropologist, linguist, ecologist, naturalist, and spokesman for conservation Farb graduated magna cum laude（以優(yōu)異成績） from Vanderbilt University in 1950. He attended Columbia University graduate school from 1950 to 1951. He

2、 married museum director and painter Oriole Horch in 1953 and together had two sons, Mark Daniel and Thomas Forest. Peter was a freelance writer in the areas of the natural and human sciences for many years, authoring many acclaimed books, including several books for young readers, and columns in na

3、tional magazines such as Better Homes and Gardens, and Readers Digest. He was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Anthropological Association, the Society for American Archeology, and the Anthropological Society of Washington, D.C. He died from leukemia白

4、血病, on April 8, 1980. At the time of death, he had been working with Irven DeVore on a new book, The Human Experience: A Textbook of Anthropology.Form of Address The form of address is the word people use to call each other. choice-making decision(which address form he should use with different peop

5、le and in different situations)-the game of the name general ideas and basic rulesdisregard 不理, 不顧, 不管, 不重視 蔑視, 輕視 He utterly disregarded my warnings and met with an accident. 他全然不聽我的警告, 結(jié)果出了事故。 have a total disregard for rank 完全不計較地位 in disregard of 不顧, 無視spurn 踐踏, 一腳踢開(away) 輕蔑地拒絕, 摒棄, 唾棄 spurn sb

6、.s offers 狂傲地拒絕某人的提議 spurn sb.s affection 拒絕某人的愛情 spurn water 防浪板 spurn at sb. 藐視、不理睬某人 spurn the ground 跳起來buddy 美軍口伙計, 同伴, 老兄(尤指士兵間的稱呼); 好朋友; 小孩子(用于直接稱呼) a bosom buddy 好朋友, 密友 That is easy, buddy. 老兄, 不用忙。 buddy-buddy adj.美俚親熱的 (尤指表面上或過分的) ace buddy 美、俚最好的朋友Mac or Buddy Both are terms of address u

7、sed in informal American English to a man whose name is unknown. “Mac”, from the prefix of Scottish or Irish surname “Mac-“ or “Mc-“, means “son of”. If you address a man as “Mac”, you mean he is not important as an individual. “Buddy” is probably a baby-talk variant of the word “brother”. It means

8、something like “friend”, e.g. Watch it, buddy! (pa. 14) Attach Case Embossed Leather 亞花革亞花革 Attach CaseBriefcase F. Scott Fitzgeralds Briefcase (扁平的, 柔韌的, 裝文件, 書報的)公文包adroitly adv. adroit adj. 熟練的, 靈巧的, 機 靈的 an adroit tennis player 熟練的網(wǎng)球手 be adroit in at 善于attire Un. fml dress, clothes 服裝, 盛裝 (鹿)角 t

9、he attire of spring 春裝 The singer wears rich attire. 歌唱家身著盛裝。 vt. (fml) to put on clothes; dress 打扮, 裝飾, 穿衣 She was attired in green. 她身穿綠裝。 attire in in formal attire穿禮服Structural Analysis of the Text (1-2) the introduction to the essay. (3-4) deals with the most sweeping rule first-the age factor,

10、 which may override other rules when one addresses a younger person. (5) the introduction to three social factors: speech situation, relative status, and personal relationship. (6-7) discuss the address in formal situation. (8-11) discuss the address in informal situation (12) transitional paragraph

11、 (sums up the preceding paragraphs on the basic rules and introduces the new factor of region). (13) elaborates on the region factor. (14) touches upon the alterations to the basic rules when the addressee is a stranger. Language Points Social Identity: This phrase indicates the particular position

12、one holds in society, such as office, rank, occupation or status, which distinguishes him from others. (pa. 6) respectful adj. 恭敬的, 尊敬的, 尊重人的, 有禮貌的 be respectful to sb. 尊敬某人 keep stand at a respectful distance from sb. (表示恭敬)站得離某人 有一定距離, 喻敬而遠之 respective adj. 各自的, 分別的 All men have their respective d

13、uties. 各人有各人的職責(zé)。 respectable adj.可尊敬重的; 人格高尚的, 有身分名望的, 體面大方的相當(dāng)?shù)? (數(shù)量等)可觀的, (質(zhì)量)不錯的(舉止、態(tài)度等)過分高雅的a respectable teacher一位可敬的老師a respectable appearance體面的外表a respectable income可觀的收入He is too respectable for my taste.那個人太高雅了, 我不喜歡。bestow (pa.9) bestow: give as an offering bestow sth. upon (on )sb. e.g. b

14、estow a title upon sb.; bestow praises on/upon sb.; bestow much time/energy on ones workI answer quicker to Bruce. If you call me Bruce, Ill attend to you quicker. Implied: I am willing to talk with you on a more intimate term. answer/reply/respond 均含有“回答”的意思。 answer 是常用詞, 可指“口頭”、“筆頭”, 甚至“行動”回答, 如:

15、He answered my question.他回答了我的問題。 reply 較answer正式, 如: I sent in my application, and the university replied immediately. 我把申請書交上去了, 大學(xué)方面立即給了答復(fù)。 respond 系正式用語, 指“對號召職責(zé)、請求等作出自發(fā)性的適當(dāng)反應(yīng)”, 如: They eagerly responded to the Partys call to work in the border regions.他們熱情地響應(yīng)黨的號召, 到邊疆去工作。dexterous/ adroit/ deft

16、/ handy 意思都含“身、手靈巧的”、“機敏的” dexterous 指 “(身、手)靈巧的”、“敏捷的”、“熟練的”, 如: a dexterous mechanic 一位靈敏熟練的技工。 adroit 指“ 不但熟巧還機智”, 如: an adroit tennis player 一位熟練的網(wǎng)球運動員。 deft 指“(手)靈敏的”、“熟練的”, 特指“機敏的”, 如: a deft surgeon 一位機敏的外科醫(yī)生。 handy 指 “手巧的”多用于一些小事上, 如: She was handy with her needle.她善長針線活。EX. II Vocabulary, C

17、 1. What differences are there between the Chinese and American greeting rituals? / In what way do the Chinese and American greeting rituals differ? 2. They reassured us of their friendship. 3. The villagers in their holiday attire (were) gathered / assembled in the square, waiting for the celebrati

18、ons to begin. 4. When he was unable to prove his identity, the bank suspended payment / was obliged to suspend payment. 5. He felt uncomfortable /awkward / ill at ease in the religious setting. 6. Though I have known him for more than six months, we are still on the TLN basis. 7. This kind of old-fa

19、shioned telephone / This old-fashioned type of telephone is no more / no longer in use. 8. He put forth a different idea so adroitly that no one was offended. / He aired his own view adroitly so that he avoided any offence. 9. You ought to show more respect to your elders. 10. The winning of the first prize by your school team calls for a celebration.Ex. III. Word Study, A 1. I assume he has received my telegram / cable. 2. She assumed a look of surprise / an expression of astonishment. 3. You must avoid the danger of drawing scientific conclusions on t