大學(xué)英語(yǔ)備課資料-四級(jí)段落翻譯及技巧

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)備課資料大學(xué)英語(yǔ)備課資料-四級(jí)段落翻譯四級(jí)段落翻譯 2016.2 1.京劇 京劇是世界上最古老的戲劇藝術(shù)形式之一。從唐代起，京劇的表演者被稱為 “梨園弟子(theatrical performer)。在清代，它在老百姓中也開始流行。表演是在茶館、飯館，甚至是在臨時(shí)搭建的舞臺(tái)上進(jìn)行的。每個(gè)演員的臉上畫著夸張的圖案，代表每個(gè)人物的性格、角色和命運(yùn)。這種技藝可能源于古代的宗教和舞蹈。熟悉京劇的觀眾可以通過(guò)觀察人物的臉部描繪和服裝來(lái)了解故事。 翻譯講解 1.每個(gè)演員的臉上畫著夸張的圖案，代表每個(gè)人物的性格、角色和命運(yùn)：“夸張的圖案”可譯為exaggerateddesigns，exaggerat

2、ed意為夸張的，夸大的?！按怼笨勺g為symbolize或represent等。 2.這種技藝可能源于古代的宗教和舞蹈：“源于”可譯為originate from,或derive from,originate意為“創(chuàng)始，起源，名詞形式為origin，意思是“起源、發(fā)源”。 參考翻譯: Beijing opera is one of the oldest opera art forms inthe world.Since the Tang Dynasty,performers ofBeijing opera were referred to as theatricalperformers.Dur

3、ing the Qing Dynasty,it becamefashionable among ordinary people.Performanceswere watchcd in tearooms, restaurants, and even on makeshift stages.Exaggerated designs arepainted on cach performers face to symbolize a characters personality,role,and fate.Thistechnique may have originated from ancient re

4、ligions and dance.Audiences who are familiar withthe opera can know the story by observing the characters facial paintings as well as their costumes. 2.書法(calligraphy)在中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域占有非常重要的位置。書法已經(jīng)歷時(shí)2000多年了。它有五種主要的書寫方式，每種都有不同的書寫技法。練習(xí)書法需要文房四寶(FourTreasures of the Study)。書法被認(rèn)為是一種需要內(nèi)心平靜的藝術(shù)形式。今天，盡管出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的現(xiàn)代書

5、寫方式，但人們?nèi)匀唤?jīng)常將書法作為一種業(yè)余愛好進(jìn)行練習(xí)。如今，書法在西方也越來(lái)越受歡迎。 參考翻譯: In China,calligraphy occupies a very important position in the field of traditional art.Calligraphy hasa history lasting for more than 2,000 years.Thereare five main ways of writing and each needsdifferent techniques.To practice calligraphy requirest

6、he Four Treasures of the Study.Calligraphy is considered to be an art form requiring innerpeace.Today,although various modern ways of writing have come up,calligraphy is stillpracticed often as a hobby.Nowadays,it has also become more and more popular amongwesterners.翻譯講解 1.書法在中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域占有非常重要的位置：“書法

7、”譯為calligraphy;“占有”可譯為occupy，occupy常用的短語(yǔ)還有occupy oneself in，意為“從事于；位置”和“領(lǐng)域”有不同的含義，分別可譯為position和field;“傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)” 則可譯為traditional art。 2.書法被認(rèn)為是一種需要內(nèi)心平靜的藝術(shù)形式：“認(rèn)為”可譯為consider，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)是be considered to be，意為“被認(rèn)為是”；“需要”可譯為require; “內(nèi)心平靜”可譯為inner peace。 3.今天，盡管出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的現(xiàn)代書寫方式，但人們?nèi)匀唤?jīng)常將書法作為一種業(yè)余愛好進(jìn)行練習(xí)：由“盡管.”可知該句可翻譯為

8、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，“盡管”可用although或though表示，意為“雖然，盡管”，though與although的意思、用法一樣，在其引導(dǎo)的句子中，不需要再用but這個(gè)連詞；“出現(xiàn)”可譯為come up,另外它還有“發(fā)生；發(fā)芽”的意思。3.中國(guó)城市化 3.中國(guó)城市化(urbanization)將會(huì)充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需(domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，在中國(guó)幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨 著城市化的進(jìn)程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提 供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。隨著越來(lái)越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(infrastructure construction),包括水源等

9、能源的供應(yīng)將會(huì) 成為城市發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化 社會(huì)的一項(xiàng)基本特征。逐漸擴(kuò)張的城市需要更多的零售店來(lái)滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。 Chinas urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better qualit

10、y of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and

11、medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers. 4.中國(guó)民間故事(Chinese folktale)是中國(guó)

12、文化的財(cái)富。它展示了中國(guó)人民如何追求愛情和更美好的生活。中國(guó)的故事多種多樣，尤其是民間故事。主流的中國(guó)民間故事可以分為兩種：一種是關(guān)于人們?nèi)绾螢榱俗约旱膲?mèng)想而奮斗；另一種是關(guān)于人們?nèi)绾卧谏竦膸椭逻^(guò)上好日子。中國(guó)有56個(gè)民族，其中55個(gè)是少數(shù)民族。民間故事吸收了少數(shù)民族的信仰和習(xí)俗。 Chinese folktales are the wealth of Chinese culture.It shows how Chinese people seek for love and a better life.There are various Chinese tales, especially t

13、he folk tales.The mainstream Chinese folktales can be classified into two kinds.One is about how people fight for their dreams,the other is about how people lead a good life with the help from their gods.In China,there are 56 ethnic groups in which 55 are the ethnic minorities.Folktales have taken i

14、n the faith and customs of the ethnic minorities. 5.紅樓夢(mèng)(A Dream of Red Mansions)是曹雪芹在18世紀(jì)中期的作品。它不僅是一部中國(guó)小說(shuō)的巨作，同時(shí)也是世界文學(xué)的瑰寶。曹雪芹出生于一個(gè)由極富沒(méi)落到極貧的貴族權(quán)勢(shì)家族?；谒麑?duì)生活的理解、進(jìn)步的思想、認(rèn)真的寫作態(tài)度和高超的寫作技能，他才能創(chuàng)作出紅樓夢(mèng)。這本書描述了一個(gè)封建大家庭的生活及其沒(méi)落，小說(shuō)中所寫的家庭既是現(xiàn)實(shí)的反映，又是曹雪芹自己家庭的小說(shuō)化或者“夢(mèng)”般的寫照。 A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in

15、 the middle of the 18th century.It is not only a great Chinese novel but also a gem of world literature.Cao Xueqin was born into a noble and powerful family which declined from extreme prosperity to poverty.Based on his own undcretanding of life, his progressive ideas,serious writing attitude and ex

16、cellent writing skill, he was able to create A Dream of Red Mansions.The book describes the life and declining fortunes of a large feudal fcmily, which is both a realistic reflection and a fictional or dream” version of Caos own family. 1.它不僅是一部中國(guó)小說(shuō)的巨作，同時(shí)也是世界文學(xué)的瑰寶：“不僅.也”可譯為not only.but also。 2.曹雪芹出生

17、于一個(gè)由極富沒(méi)落到極貧的貴族權(quán)勢(shì)家族：“出生于”可譯為固定短語(yǔ)be born into。 3.這本書描述了一個(gè)封建大家庭的生活及其沒(méi)落：“一個(gè)封建大家庭”可譯為a large feudal family, “沒(méi)落”可譯為 declining fortunes。 6.據(jù)說(shuō)如果地球上真有人間仙境，九寨溝(Jiuzhaigou Valley)定是其中之一。它有夢(mèng)境般的風(fēng)景：藍(lán)色的湖泊、瀑布、翠綠的森林、白雪皚皚的山脈，還有藏族和羌族人民(the Tibetan and Qiang peoples)的民間習(xí)俗。九寨溝不僅僅有壯觀的景色，還是九個(gè)藏族村寨的居住地，還有超過(guò)220種鳥類以及許多瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)

18、植物物種。它在1992年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織宣布為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。九寨溝一年四季的美景使它成為中國(guó)最著名的景點(diǎn)之一。 It is said that if there should be wonderlands on the earth, Jiuzhaigou Valley must be one of them. It has dreamlike scenery, which combines blue lakes,waterfalls, verdant forests, snow-covered mountains, and the folk customs of the Tibetan an

19、d Qiang peoples. More than just spectacular scenery, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to nine Tibetan villages, over 220 bird species as well as a number of endangered plant and animal species. Jiuzhaigou Valley was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1992. It provides spectacular scenery thr

20、oughout four seasons of the year, making it one of Chinas most well-known scenic sites. 1.據(jù)說(shuō)如果地球上真有人間仙境，九寨溝一定是其中之一:該句前半句的“如果”可判斷出它表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，所以要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+do的形式。其中“人間仙境”可譯為wonderlands on the earth。 2.九寨溝不僅僅有壯觀的景色，還是九個(gè)藏族村寨的居住地，還有超過(guò)220種鳥類以及許多瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)植物物種：其中“不僅僅有”可譯為more than,是“超過(guò)，多于”的意思?！暗木幼〉亍笨梢岳?/p>

21、解為“是的故鄉(xiāng)”，故可用be home to表示，這是英語(yǔ)中常見的表達(dá)方式，如：China is home to the panda.(中國(guó)是熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)。） 3.九寨溝一年四季的美景使它成為中國(guó)最著名的景點(diǎn)之一:“一年四季的美景”可以翻譯為所有格的形式，但譯為it provides spectacular scenery throughout four seasons of the year,會(huì)使譯文增色不少。后半句部分因前半句出現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞provide,所以可用making it來(lái)引導(dǎo)后半句，作句子的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 7.香港是坐落于中國(guó)南端的-個(gè)彈丸小島，150多年前，還被形容為“荒蕪之地”（

22、barren rock）。優(yōu)越的戰(zhàn)略位置、通訊條件（communications）和商業(yè)文化，促進(jìn)了香港經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)迅速發(fā)展。如今，香港已發(fā)展成為一個(gè) 國(guó)際金融商貿(mào)中心，并與近200個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的公司有商業(yè)往來(lái)。在日趨全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，香港正扮演著一個(gè) 非常重要的角色。我們相信，香港的未來(lái)會(huì)更加光明燦爛。 1.第1句前后兩個(gè)分句間聯(lián)系不太緊密，可將其“拆譯”為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。其中，第1個(gè)分句可譯為Hong Kong is a tiny island located in southern China，也可省略“坐落”(located)不譯，因?yàn)橐馑家驯磉_(dá)完整。 “彈丸小島”中的“彈丸”與“小”同義

23、，譯為a tiny island即可。 2.第2句“優(yōu)越的.，促進(jìn)了.”若直譯為. have greatly boosted Hong Kongs economy and society，則主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣?？蓪⒕涫椎?個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)處理成表原因的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，如Due to.，符合英語(yǔ)多用介詞結(jié)構(gòu)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 3.第3句中的“國(guó)際金融商貿(mào)中心”可直譯為a world-class financial and trading center，但因center前面的修飾成分太長(zhǎng)，稍顯頭重腳輕，故處理為a financial and trading center in the world?！肮尽?/p>

24、的定語(yǔ)“近200個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的”較長(zhǎng)，故將其處理成后置定語(yǔ)，用介詞短語(yǔ)in nearly 200 countries and regions 來(lái)表達(dá)。 4.第4句中的“扮演著.重要的角色”可套用短語(yǔ)play an important role in.。狀語(yǔ)“在日趨全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)中”，按照英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，置于句末，譯作介詞短語(yǔ)in the increasingly globalized economy。 5.最后一句直譯為We believe that Hong Kongs future will become brighter and more brilliant，稍顯生硬?？煽紤]照應(yīng)前文的論述主

25、體(香港），將定語(yǔ)部分的“香港”轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)，將原句的主語(yǔ)“未來(lái)”轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)，即將該句譯作 We believe that Hong Kong will have a brighter and more brilliant future。 Hong Kong is a tiny island in southern China. It was described as a barren rock over 150 years ago. Due to its superior strategic location, communications and business culture, Hong

26、 Kongs economy and society are greatly boosted. Now it has become a financial and trading center in the world. It has commercial links with corporations in nearly 200 countries and regions. Hong Kong is playing an important role in the increasingly globalized economy. We believe that Hong Kong will

27、have a brighter and more brilliant future. 8.赤壁(Chibi)是中國(guó)著名的古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，位于今天的湖北省境內(nèi)。赤壁之戰(zhàn)發(fā)生在三國(guó)時(shí)期(the Three Kingdoms Period)。劉備和孫權(quán)聯(lián)合起來(lái)，巧用火攻，戰(zhàn)勝了強(qiáng)大的曹操軍隊(duì)。因此，赤壁之戰(zhàn)成了著名的以弱勝?gòu)?qiáng)的戰(zhàn)例，許多軍事文獻(xiàn)都有提及。此外，在各種文學(xué)作品中也有許多關(guān)于赤壁之戰(zhàn)的描述。各個(gè)時(shí)代的詩(shī)人們以赤壁之戰(zhàn)為主題寫下了許多著名詩(shī)篇。 1.在第1句中，為強(qiáng)調(diào)赤壁作為著名古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的重要性，可將前半句處理成主干(Chibi is a famous ancient battlefield in

28、China)，后半句處理成狀語(yǔ)，用分詞短語(yǔ)located in.來(lái)表達(dá)并置于句首，使句型主次分明。 2.第3句“劉備和孫權(quán)聯(lián)合起來(lái)，巧用火攻，戰(zhàn)勝了”中有3個(gè)動(dòng)詞，可將“聯(lián)合”和“巧用”處理成并列動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，“戰(zhàn)勝”作結(jié)果，譯作Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan and made good use of fire to defeat.。此處的“聯(lián)合”指的是軍事力量的聯(lián)合而不是單純的合作，故此處不用cooperate，而用join forces with。 3.第4句中“戰(zhàn)例”的定語(yǔ)“著名的以弱勝?gòu)?qiáng)的”較長(zhǎng)，可將拆成兩部分處理，“著名的”仍處理為前置定語(yǔ),后面的

29、“以弱勝?gòu)?qiáng)的”則處理成后置定語(yǔ)，用介詞短語(yǔ)of the weak overcoming the strong來(lái)表達(dá)，即該短語(yǔ)譯 作 a famous example of the weak overcoming the strong。 4.最后一句的主干為“詩(shī)人們寫下了詩(shī)篇”，在翻譯時(shí)可先將這部分譯出來(lái)(poets wrote down poems)，再插人其他成分。狀語(yǔ)“以為主題”用介詞短語(yǔ)with.as the theme來(lái)表達(dá)。 Located in todays Hubei Province, Chibi is a famous ancient battlefield in China

30、. The Battle of Chibi took place in the Three Kingdoms Period. Hu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan and made good use of fire to defeat Cao Caos strong army. Because of this, the Battle of Chibi has become a famous example of the weak overcoming the strong, and is mentioned in many military works. Apa

31、rt from this, there are a lot of descriptions about the Battle of Chibi in all kinds of literary works. Poets in different eras wrote down many famous poems with the Battle of Chibi as the theme. 9.杭州市擁有世界上最大的公用自行車系統(tǒng)(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2700個(gè)公用自行車租賃站點(diǎn)，共計(jì)66500輛車。計(jì)劃至2020年，公共自行車的數(shù)量將增至175000輛。租用

32、自行車需要智能卡（smart card），可在任意站點(diǎn)租車、在任意站點(diǎn)還車。租車騎行1小時(shí)內(nèi)免費(fèi)，1小時(shí)以上則按每小時(shí)1元收費(fèi)。公用自行車系統(tǒng)對(duì)緩解杭州市的交通通撞(congestion)起到了很大的作用。 1.仔細(xì)分析可發(fā)現(xiàn)，第1句和第2句的意義關(guān)聯(lián)性較大，第2句中的數(shù)據(jù)恰恰能支撐說(shuō)明第1句所說(shuō)的情況， 故宜將這兩句進(jìn)行合譯，把第1句處理成主干，第2句處理成第1句的狀語(yǔ)，用介詞短語(yǔ)with 66,500 bikes in 2,700 renting stations in the city now 來(lái)表達(dá)。 2.第4句“租用自行車，可在任意站點(diǎn)”前后兩個(gè)分句的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系不太緊密，可將其拆譯為兩

33、個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。這兩個(gè)分句均為無(wú)主語(yǔ)句，翻譯成英文時(shí)需要添加主語(yǔ)才能使英文句式完整，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，均可添加表示泛指的one作主語(yǔ)。 3.倒數(shù)第2句“租車1小時(shí)內(nèi)免費(fèi)，1小時(shí)以上則按收費(fèi)”如果逐字對(duì)譯為Its free to rent the bike for the first hour and one needs to pay. if he/she rides more than one hour 則會(huì)使譯文很繁冗，且不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣；宜將該句的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成“自行車租借人(bike users)”，將1小時(shí)內(nèi)的收費(fèi)情況和1小時(shí)以上的收費(fèi)情況處理成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，譯為Bike users can ride

34、 for free for. and pay. for.。 4.最后一句中的“對(duì)起到了很大的作用”可用短語(yǔ)be of great help to do sth來(lái)表達(dá)，也可用短語(yǔ)play a great role in doing sth來(lái)表達(dá)，“緩解杭州市的交通擁堵”就是短語(yǔ)中的to do sth，故此處可譯為be of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city。 第 3 頁(yè)：參考譯文 With 66,500 bikes in 2,700 renting stations in the city now, Han

35、gzhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world. It plans to increase to 175,000 bikes by 2020. For renting a bike, one needs a smart card. One can rent a bike and return it at any station. Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay RMB 1 yuan per hour for the extra time. The sy

36、stem is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city. 10.為世界最大的碳排放國(guó)，中國(guó)將首次推出旨在減排的碳交易計(jì)劃(carbon trading scheme)。碳交易平臺(tái)已在深圳建立，這個(gè)平臺(tái)將允許企業(yè)購(gòu)買排放碳的許可。中國(guó)還計(jì)劃在另外七個(gè)地區(qū)開展類似的計(jì)劃，分析家稱這是邁向全國(guó)性的碳交易市場(chǎng)的第一步。但分析家還表示，該計(jì)劃只能涵蓋城市碳排放的38%，不太可能使整體排放量顯著下降。然而，中國(guó)的目標(biāo)是到2020年，將碳濃度(carbon intensity)水平降低40%。 參考翻譯: China,

37、 the worlds largest carbon emitter, is to launch its first carbon trading scheme aimed at reducing emissions. A carbon trading platform allowing businesses to purchase grant of emitting carbon was established in Shenzhen. China is also planning to cany out similar schemes in seven other areas. Analy

38、sts say this is the first step towards a nationwide carbon trading market. But analysts have also said that the scheme which covers just 38 percent of citys，carbon emissions is unlikely to reduce overall emissions significantly. However, China is aiming at reducing the level of carbon intensity by 4

39、0 percent by 2020. 1.作為世界最大的碳排放國(guó)，中國(guó)將首次推出旨在減排的碳交易計(jì)劃:“破排放國(guó)”可譯為carbon emitter, emit意為“發(fā)出；排放；散發(fā)；發(fā)射”；“旨在”可用固定短語(yǔ)aim at表示；“破交易計(jì)劃”可譯為carbon trading scheme, “碳交易” 是為促進(jìn)全球溫室氣體減排和減少全球二氧化破排放所采用的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制。 2.這個(gè)平臺(tái)將允許企業(yè)購(gòu)買排放碳的許可:“允許”可用allow表示，“允許某人 做某亊”為allow sb. to do sth.；“許可”在此譯為名詞grant。 3.中國(guó)還計(jì)劃在另外七個(gè)地區(qū)開展類似的計(jì)劃:“開展計(jì)劃”可直

40、接譯為plan to,“計(jì)劃做某事”則為plan to do sth.。 4.分析家稱這是邁向全國(guó)性的碳交易市場(chǎng)的第一步:“邁向的第一步”可用the first step towards表示。 11.四合院(courtyard)是一種歷史類型住宅。它在中國(guó)很常見，最著名的則是在北京。在古代，一座四合院住著一個(gè)單一的大家庭。今天，許多現(xiàn)存的四合院還用作住房，但大都缺乏現(xiàn)代生活設(shè)施。四合院最早可以追溯到西周時(shí)期（the Western Zhou Period）,至今已有2000多年的歷史。它們表現(xiàn)出中國(guó)建筑的優(yōu)秀和基本特征。四合院還是北京的一個(gè)文化象征，也是探索古老生活方式的一個(gè)窗口。 : Cou

41、rtyard is a historical type of residence.It was commonly found throughout China,most famous in Beijing.In ancient times,a courtyard would be occupied by a single large family.Today,many remaining courtyards are still used as houses,but most lack modem living facilities.Courtyards date back to as ear

42、ly as the Western Zhou Period,with a history of over 2,000 years.They exhibit outstanding and iundamental characteristics of Chinese architecture.Courtyard also serves as a cultural symbol of Beijing and a window into old ways of life. 1.在古代，一座四合院住著一個(gè)單一的大家庭:“在古代”可譯為in ancient times?！白≈笨梢杂胦ccupy或者li

43、ve來(lái)表示。occupy意為“占據(jù)，占領(lǐng)”，在此引申為“住著”;be occupied by/with譯為“被某物占據(jù)；忙于”，例如:He was occupied with a novel.他忙于寫小說(shuō)。 2.今天，許多現(xiàn)存的四合院還用作住房，但大都缺乏現(xiàn)代生活設(shè)施:其中“現(xiàn)存的”可譯為remaining?！坝米鳌笨勺g為be used as?！叭狈Α笨勺g為lack,此處lack為動(dòng)詞，作名詞講時(shí)，可用lack of來(lái)表示缺乏。 3.四合院最早可以追溯到西周時(shí)期:其中“追溯”可譯為date back to。需要注意的是date back和date back to都表示追溯的意思，但是date

44、back后跟時(shí)間段;date back to后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示追溯到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 12.轉(zhuǎn)基因食品（genetically modified foods)是通過(guò)基因工程的方法對(duì)生物體的DNA作特定改變并由此產(chǎn)出的食品。這些技術(shù)允許引入新的作物性狀，對(duì)于食物基因結(jié)構(gòu)的掌控也比之前的方法，如選擇性育種、誘變育種（mutation breeding)大。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的大豆(soybean)進(jìn)口國(guó)，購(gòu)買60%的全球交易大豆。這些進(jìn)口大豆大部分是轉(zhuǎn)基因品種。在中國(guó)，有對(duì)關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的激烈的公開辯論。 Genetically modified foods are foods produced f

45、rom organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.These techniques have allowed the introduction of new crop traits as well as a far greater control over the foods genetic structure than previous methods such as selective breeding and mut

46、ation breeding.China has become the world s largest soybean importer, buying about 60% of the globally traded soybeans.Most of those imported soybeans are genetically modified varieties.In China, there is a fierce public debate on genetically modified food. 1.轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是通過(guò)基因工程的方法對(duì)生物體的DNA作特定改變并由此產(chǎn)出的食品:這句話

47、較長(zhǎng)，經(jīng)分析其主干為“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是食品”，即Genetically modified foods are.foods?！巴ㄟ^(guò)基因工程的方法”可作方式狀語(yǔ)，放在句子最后，即using the methods of genetic engineering;“對(duì)生物體的 DNA 作特定改變”可譯為have had specific changes introduced into their DNA。 2.這些技術(shù)允許引入新的作物性狀，對(duì)于食物基因結(jié)構(gòu)的掌控也比之前的方法，如選擇性育種、誘變育種大:“允許引入”翻譯為allow the introduction of.;“新的作物性狀”可用new cr

48、op traits表達(dá)，trai表示“特性，性狀”；“對(duì)于的掌控”可譯為control over.;“選擇性育種、誘變育種”可譯為 selective breeding and mutation breeding。 13.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正處在轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵階段。中國(guó)已經(jīng)不能繼續(xù)沿用高消耗、高投入的舊模式，而必須加大力度調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式。我國(guó)將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)行政管理(administrative management)、金融部門和物價(jià)的改革。服務(wù)業(yè)將愈發(fā)成為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要支柱。作為最大的就業(yè)容納器，服務(wù)業(yè)為經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型緩解就業(yè)壓力。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的升級(jí)( upgrading）也將為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)提供新的動(dòng)力。

49、中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正處在轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵階段”如果逐字對(duì)譯為Chinese economy is at a crucial stage of transformation略顯死板生硬，可轉(zhuǎn)用短語(yǔ)find oneself來(lái)表達(dá)，意為“不知不覺中發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種狀態(tài)”， 使得“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)”有了生命的感覺，從而使行文更生動(dòng)。 2.第2句中的兩個(gè)分句都較長(zhǎng)，且各自具有完整的意思，故譯為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，并由Instead連接。前一個(gè)分句中的“中國(guó)已經(jīng)不能”可譯為it is imposable for China to.或直接用China作主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)為China can no longer.。后一個(gè)分句“而必須加大力度調(diào)整

50、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式”為無(wú)主語(yǔ)句，故考慮譯為被動(dòng)句，將動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)“加大力度”中的“力度”轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，譯作more efforts should be made 3.第3句的主干是“我國(guó)將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)改革”，“行政管理、金融部門和物價(jià)”均是改革的具體內(nèi)容，處理成后置定語(yǔ)，用“of + n.”的形式表所屬，意為“的”。 4.倒數(shù)第2句中的“服務(wù)業(yè)為經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型緩解就業(yè)壓力”，“為某人做某事”對(duì)應(yīng)的英文表達(dá)為help sb. (to) do sth，經(jīng)過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里“為經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型”實(shí)際上表達(dá)的是“在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中，故譯為this sector helps ease employment pres

51、sure in economic transformation。 Chinese economy finds itself at a crucial stage of transformation. China can no longer continue with the old model of high consumption and high investment. Instead, more efforts should be made to adjust the economic structures and shift the mode of economic growth. W

52、e will continue to advance reforms of administrative management, financial sectors and pricing. The service sector will be an increasingly important pillar of our economy. As the biggest job provider, this sector helps ease employment pressure in economic transformation. The upgrading of the Chinese

53、 economy will give fresh power to the global economy. 14.“土豪(local tyrant)”原意是指在某城鎮(zhèn)或某地區(qū)中有錢有勢(shì)的人或家族。然而，如今舊詞添新義，“土豪”變成了一個(gè)流行語(yǔ)?！巴梁馈边@個(gè)詞首次被延用到虛擬世界時(shí)，是用來(lái)形容那些愿意在電腦游戲上花大錢的人。后來(lái)，它被擴(kuò)展到用來(lái)描述喜歡炫富的人。“土豪金”已經(jīng)成為用來(lái)指代金色的iPhone 5S的流行語(yǔ)。黃金象征著高貴、財(cái)富和興旺?！巴梁澜稹痹谠S多零售渠道脫銷。 參考翻譯 “Local tyrant”originally meant a rich and powerful pe

54、rson or family in a town or an area.However,the old term has assumed new meanings,and has become a popular term.The use of term “l(fā)ocal tyrant”was first extended to the virtual world to describe the people who were willing to spend a huge sum of money on computer games.Later,it was extended to descri

55、be people who like to brag about their wealth.“Local tyrant gold”has become a popular phrase to describe the gold iPhone 5S.Gold symbolizes nobility,wealth and prosperity.The“l(fā)ocal tyrant gold”used to be sold out in many retail channels. 15.城鎮(zhèn)化(urbanization)導(dǎo)致了巨大的住房需求。出口導(dǎo)向型經(jīng)濟(jì)(export-oriented economy

56、)吸引了大量勞動(dòng)力從農(nóng)村來(lái)到城市。高等教育的迅速擴(kuò)張也通過(guò)提供教育機(jī)會(huì)致使大量知識(shí)分子涌人城市。社會(huì)資源分布不均使得只有少數(shù)城市成為人口遷移的理想目的地，這就進(jìn)一步加大了一些大城市的住房需求。人們對(duì)未來(lái)的不確定使他們將房產(chǎn)當(dāng)作他們養(yǎng)老金的“最后一根稻草”。傳統(tǒng)的觀念植根于中國(guó)文化。人們認(rèn)為擁有房產(chǎn)是長(zhǎng)期居住的先決條件。 參考翻譯 Urbanization leads to the huge demand for housing.The export-oriented economy attracts a large amount of labor force from rural to urb

57、an areas.The fast expansion of higher education also leads to the large inflow of intellectuals to cities by offering education opportunities.The uneven distribution of social resources makes only a few cities the ideal destinations for population migration, which has further increased the demand for housing in some of metropolises.Peoples uncertainty about the future makes them regard the real estate as the“l(fā)ast straw”for their pension.The