多功能自動(dòng)打鈴控制裝置的設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯浙江師范大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯譯文：建立一個(gè)自動(dòng)下課鈴定時(shí)器簡介 也許因?yàn)闀r(shí)間到學(xué)校存在學(xué)校的鈴聲來到中所使用的系統(tǒng)，每所學(xué)校的設(shè)備不可缺少的一塊。他們基本上是一個(gè)機(jī)械裝置，能夠產(chǎn)生下一個(gè)施加的外力影響一個(gè)響亮而尖銳的聲音。具體來說，老式學(xué)校的鈴聲出了一個(gè)大鑼（圓形黃銅盤）的形式。木錘（錘）被用來打鑼或爆炸，并產(chǎn)生了尖銳刺耳的聲音的耳朵，從很遠(yuǎn)的距離可聞。學(xué)校的校鐘的功能，從根本上從一開始仍是相同的 - 分成等份的課時(shí)，并表明他們的開始和結(jié)束與一個(gè)獨(dú)特的聲音。即使在今天，大多數(shù)學(xué)校他們在使用中仍為同一目的，這種類型的鐘聲已經(jīng)慢慢被更高效的電鐘取代了。但是，

2、一個(gè)學(xué)校的鈴聲特別的缺點(diǎn)是，這些需要手動(dòng)操作，因而總是有人需要保持警覺，并及時(shí)啟動(dòng)設(shè)備。這項(xiàng)工作可以很艱苦的身體以及精神，平靜，奇怪的是，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)校都沒有一個(gè)自動(dòng)裝置，可以通過自身的工作都配備。用一個(gè)簡單的電子下課鈴就響了時(shí)間的鐘特定目的而設(shè)計(jì)的定時(shí)器本文章處理。當(dāng)內(nèi)置它能夠打開和關(guān)閉的自動(dòng)鐘，在固定的時(shí)間間隔，這取決于它的設(shè)置。在我們學(xué)習(xí)施工細(xì)節(jié),讓我們先確定我們知道如何運(yùn)作電動(dòng)鐘做出一個(gè)學(xué)校的鐘的聲音。機(jī)電學(xué)校的鈴聲如何工作的？下課鈴是一個(gè)電動(dòng)的機(jī)電設(shè)備，能夠生產(chǎn)一倒一碗刺耳的金屬敲擊聲的響起，通過反復(fù)的影響力。它的操作簡單理解可以通過以下簡要說明：· 有一個(gè)線圈繞在鐵芯上

3、形成以該單位的一部分電磁鐵。· 當(dāng)電流（交流電源）是適用于線圈，由于輸入交流變流線圈的兩端產(chǎn)生不同的周圍強(qiáng)大的磁場。· 一個(gè)彈簧加載的響應(yīng)其磁場鐵軸在靠近該線圈無所不能振動(dòng)迅速。· 這是布置，鐵軸一端（一錘形的金屬片）敲碗金屬空心圓筒形件，而振動(dòng)，以產(chǎn)生所需的尖銳響亮的噪音 - 一個(gè)典型的下課鈴的聲音。電路描述 顧名思義，一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器上課鈴目前電路是用來響上課鈴順序，在每節(jié)課的時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去了電子計(jì)時(shí)器設(shè)置。這些每個(gè)人都可以按順序排列的定時(shí)器編程設(shè)置或5分鐘到10每個(gè)離散的步驟分別獲得50分鐘的總時(shí)間間隔。因此，這些計(jì)時(shí)器每一個(gè)有能力生產(chǎn)的時(shí)間間隔從5分鐘以上至50分

4、鐘為限，滿足大多數(shù)學(xué)校的時(shí)間表。一個(gè)單級電路描述（第一個(gè)）應(yīng)該讓你了解該單位的整體運(yùn)作，因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)階段，只是以前的一重復(fù)。在進(jìn)入主定時(shí)器電路移動(dòng)，重要的是首先要了解振蕩器的電路功能。振蕩器電路：· 集成電路4060是在與有線的P1，P2，R3和C5的界定及其基本振蕩器振蕩頻率的配置。· P2是用于粗而設(shè)置P1是用精煉的結(jié)果。對C5的值也決定了振蕩速度，但它的價(jià)值將保持不變，應(yīng)適當(dāng)選擇。· 12的復(fù)位引腳接地，使芯片可以開始振蕩的時(shí)刻接通電源。C1的使得確保計(jì)數(shù)為0，而不是從任何中間數(shù)字開始。· 時(shí)鐘（振蕩）輸出引腳收到3，用于驅(qū)動(dòng)定時(shí)器電路的主要后續(xù)芯片

5、。· 集成電路7805提供了一個(gè)干凈調(diào)節(jié)5伏到整個(gè)單位的供應(yīng)。主控制電路：在我以前的一篇文章中我們討論的IC4017。談到文章將幫助您更好地了解目前的電路，因?yàn)樗饕獓@集成電路4017配置。讓我們來看看如何進(jìn)行定時(shí)電路的主要功能：· 假設(shè)從4060收到集成電路振蕩器的時(shí)鐘脈沖設(shè)置為每5分鐘準(zhǔn)確。· 只要接通電源（見附圖），C1的重置IC1和它的時(shí)鐘開始響應(yīng)得到了振蕩器部分，不僅是因?yàn)樗膹?fù)位引腳通過R115是接地的脈沖。· 現(xiàn)在，如果滑塊的RS1的手臂被放置在IC1的引腳1，時(shí)鐘高脈沖將達(dá)到25分鐘后，在這個(gè)點(diǎn)（因?yàn)槊總€(gè)順序的步驟是在5分鐘的速度進(jìn)行）

6、。· 現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)邏輯在滑塊的RS1的手臂高會(huì)兩個(gè)重要的事情：首先，這將是一個(gè)邏輯高電平信號使IC1的引腳13它“凍結(jié)”（龍頭）在這一點(diǎn)，并停止響應(yīng)的時(shí)鐘脈沖在其引腳14。其次，同樣的邏輯脈沖會(huì)也同時(shí)被發(fā)送到T1的基礎(chǔ)，這反過來將復(fù)位IC 2。· IC 2的現(xiàn)在立即開始計(jì)數(shù)（響應(yīng)在其引腳14到時(shí)鐘脈沖），將IC1的重復(fù)同一個(gè)周期，即RS2的滑塊手將成為高后規(guī)定的期限，“凍結(jié)”本身并激活第三現(xiàn)階段繼續(xù)這一進(jìn)程，并依此類推，直至達(dá)到最后階段。· 一旦逝去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的最后階段，整個(gè)活動(dòng)涉及到一個(gè)停滯不前?；蛘撸绻壿嫃娜ツ晷D(zhuǎn)開關(guān)滑塊手臂高脈沖反饋到IC1的（引腳通過

7、D115）的第一階段，這將削弱整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的閂鎖和周期將重新啟動(dòng)一遍。· 由于A點(diǎn)（滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)）的每個(gè)后續(xù)階段旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)也連接到繼電器驅(qū)動(dòng)晶體管，它會(huì)激活繼電器瞬間，因?yàn)檫@些問題繼續(xù)成為高順序根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)的相關(guān)設(shè)置。· 你可以添加任意多的階段，你要在電路中，根據(jù)所需的時(shí)間為特定學(xué)校（時(shí)間表）數(shù)量而定。在我的原型，我包括了多達(dá)33個(gè)階段的規(guī)定。· 有線連接的繼電器的鐘，這是鳴響在回應(yīng)上述職能定期。事實(shí)上，目前電路可以完成任何任務(wù)，需要一個(gè)獨(dú)立的一套，是一個(gè)特定的負(fù)載（連接到繼電器的觸點(diǎn)）順序切換，因此可以很容易被其他更復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營就業(yè)。建設(shè)線索一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)PCB是嚴(yán)格推薦用

8、于學(xué)校的鐘計(jì)時(shí)器目前電路結(jié)構(gòu)。雖然我不能提供一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的PCB布局，設(shè)計(jì)你自己的版本將不會(huì)在任何困難，因?yàn)樵谠O(shè)計(jì)的第一階段布局，在后續(xù)階段的布局僅僅是所需人數(shù)復(fù)制。對于我的樣機(jī)，PCB布局設(shè)計(jì)做是“Corel公司抽獎(jiǎng)”，我會(huì)說，這里提供的工具是非常理想的適合這樣的任務(wù)。一旦你有一個(gè)印刷電路板，它只是一個(gè)問題，并在其插入相關(guān)崗位焊接定的組成部分正確。整個(gè)組裝機(jī)可能被安置在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大而堅(jiān)固的ABS塑料盒，旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)的主軸，LED和電源線即將到來的鉆孔進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)陌b盒正面的一面。測試完全組裝的單位可以進(jìn)行測試了以下方法：· 保持最初階段，從主振蕩器定時(shí)電路斷開。通過試驗(yàn)和錯(cuò)誤，P1和P2的設(shè)定

9、，從而使振蕩器產(chǎn)生的時(shí)鐘脈沖正是每5分鐘。· 現(xiàn)在設(shè)置的所有定時(shí)器旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)到最小范圍，即在引腳每個(gè)階段4。· 連接一個(gè)小型電動(dòng)鈴圖中的繼電器觸點(diǎn)，如圖所示。· 連接到主振蕩器部分定時(shí)器節(jié)，上了單元的電源。隨即，啟動(dòng)了環(huán)就會(huì)響起鐘聲，表明計(jì)時(shí)器（或?qū)W校時(shí)期）已經(jīng)開始。· 在振蕩器部分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，應(yīng)立即開始閃爍，表明它的工作，并提供時(shí)鐘脈沖，定時(shí)器階段。· 5分鐘后，正是基地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了第一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器T1期應(yīng)點(diǎn)亮順序和程序應(yīng)得到休息的階段反復(fù)進(jìn)行，直至達(dá)到最后階段。確認(rèn)為每個(gè)階段的旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān)其他設(shè)置相同的動(dòng)作。 這個(gè)結(jié)論的建設(shè)以及設(shè)立上課鈴定時(shí)電路。該系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在應(yīng)

10、該自動(dòng)完成所需的功能忠實(shí)的許多年里來。如果您需要任何進(jìn)一步的協(xié)助，請隨時(shí)通過互動(dòng)的評論（評論要求緩和，可能需要時(shí)間來顯示）。10本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文： BUILD AN AUTOMATIC SCHOOL BELL TIMERIntroductionProbably since the time schools came into existence school bells were used in the system, an indispensable piece of equipment for every school.They are basically a mechan

11、ical device that is able to produce a loud and sharp sound under the influence of an external applied force. Specifically, old fashioned school bells had the form of a large gong (circular brass disc). A wooden mallet (hammer) was used to hit or bang the gong, and produced a sharp ear piercing sound

12、, audible from quite a far distance.The function of a school bell has fundamentally remained the same since the beginning â“ to divide the class periods into equal parts and indicate their start and finish with a distinctive sound.This type of bell has slowly been replaced by more efficient ele

13、ctric bells and they are in use even today in most schools for the same purpose.But one particular drawback of school bells is that these need to be operated manually and thus someone always needs to remain alert and activate the device on time.The job can be strenuous physically as well as mentally

14、, and still, strangely, you will find many schools are not equipped with an automatic device that can do the job all by itself.The present article deals with a simple electronic school bell timer designed for the specific purpose of ringing the bell on time. When built it is able to switch ON and OF

15、F an electric bell automatically, at regular time intervals, depending on its settings.Before we learn the construction details, letâs first make sure we know how an electric bell operates to make a school bell sound.How Do Electrical School Bells Work?An electric school

16、 bell is an electromechanical device, able to produce a shrill ringing sound through the repeated hammering of an inverted metallic bowl in the influence of electricity(See Image and Click to Enlarge).Its operation may be simply understood through the following brief explanation:· There is a co

17、il of wire wound over an iron core to form an electromagnet as part of the unit.· When an electric current (AC mains) is applied to the two ends of the coil, due to the varying flux of the input AC the coil produces a strong varying magnetic field around it.· A spring loaded iron shaft piv

18、oted in close proximity to this coil vibrates rapidly in response to its magnetic field.· This iron shaft is arranged that one end (a hammer shaped piece of metal) knocks a hollow cylindrical bowl shaped piece of metal while vibrating, to produce the required sharp and loud ringing noise - a ty

19、pical school bell sound.Circuit DescriptionAs the name suggests, the present circuit of a school bell timer is a set of electronic timers used to ring the school bell sequentially, after each class period has elapsed. Each of these sequentially arranged timers may be set or programmed individually t

20、hrough 10 discrete steps of 5 minutes each to get a total time interval of 50 minutes. Therefore, each of these timers are able to produce time intervals ranging from a minimum of 5 minutes to a maximum of 50 minutes, satisfying most school time tables. The circuit description of a single stage (the

21、 first one) should let you understand the whole operation of the unit, as each stage is just a repetition of the previous one.Before moving into the main timer circuit, it is important first to learn about the functioning of the oscillator circuit.The Oscillator Circuit: (Click Image to Enlarge)

22、3; IC 4060 is wired in its basic oscillator configuration with P1, P2, R3 and C5 defining its oscillating frequency.· P2 is used for a coarse setting while P1 is used for refining the results. The value of C5 also determines the rate of oscillation, but its value will remain fixed and should be

23、 selected appropriately.· The reset pin #12 is grounded so that the IC can start oscillating the moment power is switched ON. C1 makes it sure that the counting is initiated from 0 and not from any intermediate figure.· The clock (oscillations) output is received at pin #3 and is used to d

24、rive the subsequent ICs of the main timer circuit.· IC 7805 provides a clean regulated 5 volts supply to the whole unit. The Main Control Circuit: (Click Image to Enlarge)In one of my previous articles we discussed the pin outs of IC4017. Referring to the article will help you to understand the

25、 present circuit better as it is primarily configured around IC 4017.Letâs proceed to see how the main timer circuit functions:· Assume that the clock pulses received from the oscillator IC 4060 are set to exactly 5 minutes each.· As soon as the power is switched ON (see diagram), C1

26、resets IC1 and it starts responding to the clock pulses received from the oscillator section, only because its reset pin # 15 is grounded via R1.· Now if the slider arm of RS1 is placed at pin #1 of IC1, a clock high pulse will reach at this point after 25 minutes (since each sequential step is

27、 proceeding at a 5 minute rate).· Now this logic high at the slider arm of RS1 will do two important things: Firstly, it will send a logic high signal to pin #13 of IC1 so that it âfreezesâ (latches) at that point and stops responding to the clock pulses at its pin #14. Secondly, the

28、same logic pulse will also simultaneously be sent to the base of T1, which in turn will reset IC 2.· IC 2 will now immediately start counting (responding to the clock pulses at its pin #14) and will repeat the same cycle as IC1, i.e. the slider arm of RS2 will become high after the set period,

29、âfreezingâ itself and activating the third stage to continue the process, and so on until the last stage is reached.· Once the time period of the last stage elapses, the whole activity comes to a stand still. Alternatively, if the logic high pulse from the slider arm of the last rotar

30、y switch is fed back to IC1 (pin #15 through D1) of the first stage, it will break the latch of the whole system and the cycle will restart all over again.· Since point A (slider arm) of the rotary switch of each subsequent stage is also connected to the relay driver transistor, it activates th

31、e relay momentarily as these points go on to become high sequentially according to the relevant settings of the rotary switches.· You may add as many stages as you want in the circuit, depending upon the number of required periods (time-table) for a particular school. In my prototype, I include

32、d provisions for as many as 33 stages.· The relay connections are wired to the bell, which is rung periodically in response to the above functions.In fact, the present circuit can fulfill any task which requires an independently set, sequential switching of a particular load (wired to the relay

33、 contacts), so it can very easily be employed for other much complicated industrial operations.On the next page we look at the constuction steps to make the timer for the electricbell.Construction CluesA designed PCB is strictly recommended for the construction of the present circuit of the school b

34、ell timer. Although I wont be able to provide the layout of a designed PCB, designing your own version wont be difficult at all, as, after designing the layout of the first stage, the layout of the required number of subsequent stages is simply duplicated.For my prototype, the PCB layout designing w

35、as done in “Corel Draw”, and I would say that the tools provided here are quite ideally suited for such tasks.Once you have a PCB, its just a matter of inserting and soldering the given components in their relevant positions correctly.The whole assembled unit may be housed inside a strong and sturdy

36、 ABS plastic box with the rotary switchs spindle, LEDs and mains cord coming out of the appropriately drilled holes over the front side of the box.TestingThe completely assembled unit may be tested in the following method:· Initially keep the oscillator stage disconnected from the main timer circuit. Through trial and error, set P1 and P2, so that the oscillat