智能型充電器的電源和顯示的設計外文文獻

1、word畢業(yè)設計論文外文文獻 題 目：智能型充電器的電源和顯示的設計院 系： 自動控制系 專 業(yè)： 工業(yè)自動化 姓 名： 指導老師： 填表日期： 2022年12日 .wordThe design of the lithium battery chargerIntroductionAccording to the size, weight and energy storage advantages of lithium ion rechargeable battery is being used in many applications. These batteries have been co

2、nsidered for the application of the preferred battery in portable computer, displacing NiMH and NiCad batteries, and cellular phones are quickly become the second major lithium battery market. The reason is obvious. Lithium ion batteries offer many advantages to the end consumer. In portable compute

3、rs, lithium ion batteries in the same conditions and the size and weight of cases than NiCad and NiMH can provide more lasting power. The same advantages are true for cellular phones. A phone can be made smaller and lighter if using Li ion batteries so without sacrificing battery life. When the lith

4、ium ion battery costs down, even more applications will This will change to a lighter and smaller technology. As consumers continue to demand the convenience, indicating that the market trend of recharging a continual growth in all the cells. According to the market data show that approximately abou

5、t two hundred million batteries will be lithium ion to be shipped in 1997 when compared with 600 million NiMH batteries. However, it is important to note that the electric core electric core three NiMH equivalent to a lithium ion when packaged into a battery pack. Therefore, the actual volume of the

6、 two is very close to the same year also marked the first.1997 yearli ion battery type used in the majority of portable computers, displacing NiMH for the top spot. The data show that in 1997 the European and Japanese batteries market showed a shift to lithium Ion in the application of the majority

7、of phones. Lithium ion batteries is an exciting battery technology must be to a high degree of attention. To understand these new batteries, this design guide explains these principles, the charging requirements and circuits to meet these needs.With the advent of handheld appliances more and more, t

8、he high performance, small size, light weight of the battery charger is also increasing demand. Continued progress in battery technology also requires charging algorithm more complex to achieve rapid and safe charging. Therefore need to be monitored more precisely on the charging process to shorten

9、the charging time. The maximum capacity of the battery, and to prevent damage to the battery.AVR is a step ahead in the competition, proved to be perfect the next generation charger control chip.Atmel AVR microprocessor is currently on the market can provide Flash with single, 8 of the most efficien

10、t RISC EEPROM and 10 ADC microprocessors. Since the program memory for Flash therefore, you can not like MASK ROM, there are several software versions of several models on the stock.Flash can be programmed before delivery, or after the PCB mount through ISP For programming, allowing the software upd

11、ate for.EEPROM can be used to save calibration coefficient and battery parameters at the last minute, such as the preservation of charging records can provide sufficient precision to improve the actual use of the battery capacity.10 A/D converter, the charge after the capacity is closer to its maxim

12、um capacity. While the other scheme in order to achieve this goal that may require external ADC, not only occupy PCB space, but also improve the 8 bit microprocessor.AT90S4433 reference design system of the cost of.AVR is a high-level language unique needle object C the current design is to use C to

13、 write the instructions in a high-level language for software design is the design of a simple.C code like how it is easy to adjust to fit the current and future battery. But the ATtiny15 reference design is written in assembly language, to achieve the maximum code density.Modern consumer appliances

14、 mainly use the following four kinds of batteries: 1 sealed lead acid battery (SLA) 2 nickel cadmium battery (NiCd) 3 nickel hydrogen battery (NiMH) 4 lithium battery (Li-Ion) In the correct choice of battery and charging algorithm need to know the background knowledge of these batteries.Sealed lead

15、-acid battery (SLA) sealed lead-acid battery is mainly used for the occasions of the cost is more important than the space and weight, such as ups and alarm system backup battery.SLA battery with constant voltage charging, supplemented by current limit to avoid in the charging process of early batte

16、ry overheating. As long as the battery cell voltage does not exceed manufacturer provisions (typical values to 2.2V), SLA batteries can be unrestricted charging.The battery of NiCd battery of NiCd currently in use was very common. Its advantages are relatively cheap, easy to use; drawback is self di

17、scharge rate is relatively high. Typical NiCd batteries can be recharged up to 1000 times. Failure mechanism is mainly polarity reversal. In the battery pack in the first is complete discharge of single element will reverse. In order to prevent damage to the battery pack, the need to continuously mo

18、nitor the voltage. Once a unit voltageDown to 1.0V it is necessary to shut down the.NiCd battery in a constant current way to charge.Nickel hydrogen battery (NIMH) in lightweight handheld devices such as mobile phones and hand-held camera, and so on Ni MH battery is used most widely. The capacity of

19、 the battery NiCd. Due to overcharge can cause the failure of NiMH battery, in the charging process of precise measurement is very important to stop at the right time. And NiCd batteries, polarity reversal when the batteries will.NiMH battery self discharge rate is about 20% / month. And NiCd batter

20、y, NiMH battery for constant current charging damage.Lithium battery (Li-Ion) compared with other cells described in this article, the lithium battery has the highest energy / energy / weight ratio and volume ratio. The lithium battery charge with constant voltage and current should be limited to av

21、oid overheating of the battery charging process at the beginning. When the minimum electric current down to the manufacturers set when we need to stop charging. Charging will cause damage to the battery, or even an explosion. The safety of the battery charging modern quick charger (usually one hour

22、full charge, the battery can be in less than 3 hours) need to be able to unit voltage, charge current and battery temperature are measured accurately, at the same time the full power to avoid the overcharge damage. Charging method for SLA batteries and lithium batteries for constant voltage current

23、limiting method; charging method of NiCd battery and NiMH battery for constant current method, The judgment method of different stop charging has several. The maximum charge current maximum charge current and battery capacity (C). The maximum charging current of the battery capacity to tend to the n

24、umerical representation. For example, the battery capacity is 750 mAh, the charging current is 750 mA, the charging current is 1C (1 times the battery capacity) if the trickle charge current is C/40, then the charging current for the battery capacity divided by 40 is overheated battery charging powe

25、r transmission to the battery energy in the chemical reaction process. The preserved. But not all electrical energy conversion to chemical energy in the battery. Some electrical energy turns into heat energy a, heating effect on the battery. When the battery is full, if it continues to charge, then

26、all the energy will be transformed into heat. The battery fast charging the battery which will enable rapid warming, if not promptly stop charging the battery will cause the loss of Therefore, it is very important to monitor the temperature and stop the charging in time when designing the battery ch

27、arger.Stop charging discriminant battery method different applications and work environment limits the of judgment to stop charging method of choice. Sometimes, the temperature is not easy to be measured, but can be measured voltage, or other circumstances. This paper to voltage change rate -dV/dt b

28、asic judgment stop charging method, and with the temperature and absolute voltage value for assistance and backup. But below the hardware support described in this article about all methods.T - time this is the easiest way to decide when to stop charging. The backup plan is usually used for fast cha

29、rging. Sometimes, it is also used as a basic solution for a common charge (16 - 14 hours).V - voltage when the voltage exceeds the limit stop charging. Usually with constant current charging with the use of. Maximum current is determined by the battery, usually. In order to prevent the charging curr

30、ent is too large to battery overheating. At this time limited current is very critical. This method is lithium battery of the charge and stop project. The actual lithium battery charger often after up to a maximum voltage also continue to for the second phase of the charging, in order to achieve 100

31、% of the battery capacity. For the battery of NiCd and NiMH battery, this can be as reserve judgment stop charging scheme.-dV/dt - voltage change rate of the judge to stop charging method using the negative voltage change rate. For certain types of batteries, when after the battery is fully charge w

32、ill lead to voltage drop. At this time the scheme was very fit. This method is commonly used for constant current charging, applicable to the fast charge of the battery of NiCd and NiMH batteries.I - current when the charge current is less than a preset value, it is normally used for a constant volt

33、age charging method. It is suitable for SLA batteries and lithium batteries.T - temperature absolute temperature can be used as the basis for the NiCd battery and NiMH battery to stop charging, but it is more suitable as a backup solution.DT/dt - the rate of temperature rise can be used as a basis f

34、or stopping charging. Please refer to the battery manufacturers specification (NiCd 1oC/min), which is suitable for the NiMH battery NiCd battery.DT - beyond the environment temperature of the temperature value when the battery temperature and the environment temperature difference over a limited ne

35、ed to stop charging. This method can be as NiCd battery and battery of SLA stop charging scheme. In cold environment when charging the method than the absolute temperature determination method is better by in most systems often only a temperature probe, had no choice but to charge before the tempera

36、ture as the environment temperature.DV/dt = 0 - zero voltage difference this method is very similar to the -dV/dt method, and the voltage will not increase the case more accurately. It is suitable for NiCd battery and NiMH battery.This reference design fully realize the battery charger is designed w

37、ith the latest technology, can be of various popular battery fast charging without modifying the hardware, and around a single hardware platform for the realization of a complete product charger series. Only need the new charging method of ISP download to the flash memory of the processor can get ne

38、w types. Obviously, this method can greatly shorten the new product launch time and require only a kind of hardware of stock. The design provides a complete for SLA, NiCd, NiMH and Li ion battery of library functions.鋰電池充電器的設計介紹根據其尺寸，重量和能量儲存優(yōu)點，鋰- 離子可再充電電池正在被用于許多的應用領域。這些電池已經被考慮為優(yōu)先的電池于手提式計算機的應用,移置 NiM

39、H 和 NiCad電池,而且行動 正在飛快地成為鋰電池的第二個主要的市場。 理由是明顯的。 鋰- 離子的電池提供很多的好處對與終端消費者。 對于手提式計算機來說,鋰- 離子電池在相同條件和大小并減少重量的情況下能夠提供比 NiCad 和 NiMH更為持久的電力。 相同的優(yōu)點對于蜂窩 更是真實的。一個 能被做得更小和更輕如果使用李- 離子的電池的話而不犧牲續(xù)航時間。 當鋰- 離子的電池費用降下來的話,甚至更多的應用將會轉變到這一個更輕巧和更小巧的技術上來。當消費者一直要求方便的時候，市場的趨勢說明一個持續(xù)不斷的增長在所有的可再充電的電池中。 根據以前市場的資料大約在 1997年的時候說明大約二億

40、個鋰-離子電芯將會被裝船運送,相比擬于 600 百萬 個NiMH的電芯 。 然而,有必要說明的是三個NiMH 的電芯相當于一個鋰- 離子的電芯在被包裹為電池包裝的時候。 因此，真實的體積對兩者來說是非常接近一樣的。1997年也被標記為第一年鋰- 離子作為電池類型用于在大多數的手提式的計算機中, 移置 NiMH 為高端領域中。 資料顯示1997年在歐洲和日本電池電芯市場表現出一個變化對于鋰- 離子在多數的 的應用中。鋰- 離子的電池是一種令人興奮的電池技術必須給于高度的關注。要想 了解這些新的電池，這設計引導者解釋這些原那么，要價需求以及符合這些需求的線路。隨著越來越多的手持式電器的出現，對高性

41、能、小尺寸、重量輕的電池充電器的需求也越來越大。電池技術的持續(xù)進步也要求更復雜的充電算法以實現快速、平安的充電。因此需要對充電過程進行更精確的監(jiān)控，以縮短充電時間、到達最大的電池容量，并防止電池損壞。AVR 已經在競爭中領先了一步，被證明是下一代充電器的完美控制芯片。Atmel AVR 微處理器是當前市場上能夠以單片方式提供Flash、EEPROM 和10 位ADC的最高效的8 位RISC 微處理器。由于程序存儲器為Flash，因此可以不用象MASK ROM一樣，有幾個軟件版本就庫存幾種型號。Flash 可以在發(fā)貨之前再進行編程，或是在PCB貼裝之后再通過ISP 進行編程，從而允許在最后一分鐘

42、進行軟件更新。EEPROM 可用于保存標定系數和電池特性參數，如保存充電記錄以提高實際使用的電池容量。10位A/D 轉換器可以提供足夠的測量精度，使得充好后的容量更接近其最大容量。而其他方案為了到達此目的，可能需要外部的ADC，不但占用PCB 空間，也提高了系統(tǒng)本錢。AVR 是目前唯一的針對象 “C這樣的高級語言而設計的8 位微處理器。AT90S4433 參考設計就是用 “C寫的，說明用高級語言進行軟件設計是多么的簡單。C 代碼似的此設計很容易進行調整以適合當前和未來的電池。而ATtiny15 參考設計那么是用匯編語言寫的，以獲得最大的代碼密度。現代消費類電器主要使用如下四種電池：1 密封鉛酸

43、電池 (SLA)2 鎳鎘電池 (NiCd)3 鎳氫電池(NiMH)4 鋰電池(Li-Ion)在正確選擇電池和充電算法時需要了解這些電池的背景知識。密封鉛酸電池(SLA) 密封鉛酸電池主要用于本錢比空間和重量更重要的場合，如UPS和報警系統(tǒng)的備份電池。SLA 電池以恒定電壓進行充電，輔以電流限制以防止在充電過程的初期電池過熱。只要電池單元電壓不超過生產商的規(guī)定( 典型值為2.2V)， SLA 電池可以無限制地充電。鎳鎘電池(NiCd) NiCd電池目前使用得很普遍。它的優(yōu)點是相對廉價，易于使用；缺點是自放電率比擬高。典型的NiCd 電池可以充電1,000 次。失效機理主要是極性反轉。在電池包里第

44、一個被完全放電的單元會發(fā)生反轉。為了防止損壞電池包，需要不間斷地監(jiān)控電壓。一旦單元電壓下降到1.0V 就必須停機。NiCd 電池以恒定電流的方式進行充電。鎳氫電池(NiMH) 在輕重量的手持設備中如 、手持攝象機，等等鎳氫電池是使用最廣的。這種電池的容量比NiCd 的大。由于過充電會造成NiMH 電池的失效，在充電過程中進行精確地測量以在適宜的時間停止是非常重要的。和NiCd 電池一樣，極性反轉時電池也會損壞。NiMH 電池的自放電率大概為20%/ 月。和NiCd 電池一樣，NiMH 電池也為恒定電流充電。鋰電池 (Li-Ion) 和本文中所述的其他電池相比，鋰電池具有最高的能量/ 重量比和能量/ 體積比。鋰電池以恒定電壓進行充電，同時要有電流限制以防止在充電過程的初期電池過熱。當充電電流下降到生產商設定的最小電流時就要停止充電。過充電將造成電池損壞，甚至爆炸。電池的平安充電現代的快速充電器( 即電池可以在小于3 個小時的時間里充滿電，通常是一個小時) 需要能夠對單元電壓、充電電流和電池溫度進行精確地測量，在充滿電的同時防止由于過充電造成的損壞。