劍三ThemeC詞匯精講

1、1. rhythm n.U pattern produced by emphasis and duration of notes in music or by stressed and unstressed syllables in words 考點(diǎn)：首字母填空rhythm通常指詩(shī)、音樂(lè)、跳舞等的韻律,也可指脈搏等的律動(dòng)。E.g. The rhythm of his heartbeats is normal.2. mixtureC thing made by mixing考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換mix v.E.g. You can mix blue and yellow paint to make g

2、reen one.(mixture) Shake the mixture before taking it. (mix)考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析compound & mixture這兩個(gè)名詞均有“復(fù)合物”之意。compound:compound指由兩種或兩種以上的物質(zhì)結(jié)合在一起，發(fā)生化學(xué)變化而成的復(fù)合物、化學(xué)物。mixture:mixture指把多種東西混合在一起，組成的東西未起化學(xué)變化。E.g. Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.3. religiousadj.attrib 作定語(yǔ) of religion考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換religionn.relig

3、iouslyadv.E.g. You mustnt joke with him about religion.(religious)People should be more tolerable religiously.(religious)考點(diǎn)二：詞組拓展religious belief/believer/circles宗教信仰/信徒/界religious house修道院religious man虔誠(chéng)的教徒deeply religious十分虔誠(chéng)profoundly religious篤信宗教的4. successn. U achievement of a desired end, or

4、of fame, wealth or social position考點(diǎn)一：詞義精講success的基本意思是“成功,成就,勝利”,是抽象名詞,不可數(shù),也不可加不定冠詞a修飾。success還可作“成功的事或人”“一次成敗”解,這時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。表示“由于通過(guò)的成功”,通常用by引出?？键c(diǎn)二：介詞搭配key to success成功的關(guān)鍵way to success成功之道with success成功地without success不成功地success in在方面的成功考點(diǎn)三：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換succeedv.successfuladj.E.g. Sooner or later we will suc

5、ceed.(success) I did this daily because my schedule on the wall told me to do this to be successful.(success)5. stylev.manner that is typical of a particular writer, artist, etc or of a particular literary, artistic, etc考點(diǎn)一：同義詞fashion 也含有“流行，樣式”之意。fashion： 側(cè)重指衣著、生活、行為和思想等的風(fēng)尚，多含一時(shí)或一地流行的意味。考點(diǎn)二：詞形變換sty

6、list n. 設(shè)計(jì)師；文體學(xué)家Eg: This would allow you to explicitly discuss the perspective hairstyle for you with your hair stylist.(style)stylize vt. 使風(fēng)格化；使程式化 vi. 符合特定（或傳統(tǒng)）程式Eg: Just like embedded fonts, you can stylize them and apply effects.(style)6. attractv. arouse interest or pleasure in (sb./sth.)考點(diǎn)一：同義

7、詞辨析attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt這些動(dòng)詞均含有“吸引，引誘”之意。attract：普通用詞，指客觀上吸引人的注意力。charm：側(cè)重迷住某人或使之高興。enchant：著重指有能力引起被迷住者的歡樂(lè)或贊美。fascinate：通常含使人無(wú)法拒絕、無(wú)法擺脫的意味。tempt：指吸引力很強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)欲望被喚醒?？键c(diǎn)二：詞形變換attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的Eg: She is an attractive person.(attract)attraction n. 吸引，吸引力；引力；吸引人的事物Eg: The ma

8、in attraction of Beijing resides in its enchanting scenery.(attract)7. melodyn. main part within a piece of harmonized music, usu more distinctly heard than the rest; theme 考點(diǎn)一：同義詞辨析melody, song, tune, theme這些名詞均含有“樂(lè)曲，曲調(diào)”之意。melody： 指悅耳的曲調(diào)旋律。song： 多指配有歌詞的歌曲。tune： 指曲調(diào)，與配有歌詞的歌曲相對(duì)。theme： 指主旋律?？键c(diǎn)二：詞形變換me

9、lodious adj. 悅耳的；旋律優(yōu)美的Eg: Sleeping amidst nature and waking up to the melodious morning ragas of the little birds may sound like a far fetched dream.(melody)melodrama n. 情節(jié)?。灰魳?lè)??；聳人聽(tīng)聞的事件，鬧劇Eg: It was like the revival of an old melodrama that I had seen long ago with childish awe.(melody)8. introduce

10、v. sth. (in/into sth.) bring sth. into use or operation for the first time考點(diǎn)一：詞形變換introduction n. 介紹；引進(jìn)；采用；入門；傳入Eg: You want me to write an introduction to your lectures?(introduce)introductory adj. 引導(dǎo)的，介紹的；開(kāi)端的Eg: You would never touch these things at the introductory level. (introduce) 考點(diǎn)二：短語(yǔ)詞組intr

11、oduce oneself自我介紹introduce into. 引進(jìn)9. influence n. sing (on sb/sth) (exercising of) power to affect sbs actions, character or beliefs through example, fear, admiration, etc考點(diǎn)一：同義詞辨析affect, influence, impress這些動(dòng)詞均含“影響”之意。affect：作主語(yǔ)通常是物而不是人，指一物對(duì)另一物產(chǎn)生的消極影響。influence：側(cè)重在思想、性格、行為等方面所產(chǎn)生的潛移默化的影響，也可指自然力的影響。

12、impress：強(qiáng)調(diào)影響既深刻又持久?？键c(diǎn)二：詞形變換influential adj. 有影響的；有勢(shì)力的 n. 有影響力的人物Eg: The ones most likely to be cut are those with the least influential supporters, which are not always the most worthy targets.(influence)考點(diǎn)三：短語(yǔ)詞組influence on對(duì)的影響under the influence酒醉的influence in干涉；介入under the influence of在的影響之下influ

13、ence factor. 影響因素；電話干擾系數(shù)10. replace take the place of (sb./ sth.)考點(diǎn)一：同義詞辨析replace, substitute, displace這些動(dòng)詞均含“替代，取代”之意。replace： 最普通用詞，指任何形式的替代，尤指以新的替代舊的、老的和壞的等，指人指物均可。substitute： 指某人因故不在時(shí)，由別人代理其職，有時(shí)也可指由一物去代替另一物。displace： 側(cè)重指用另外的人或物強(qiáng)行取代并非稱職的人或無(wú)用之物，指人時(shí)往往暗含帶不滿情緒的意味?？键c(diǎn)二：詞形變換replacement n. 更換；復(fù)位；代替者；補(bǔ)充兵員

14、Eg: Replacement of sugar in your diet can be difficult. (replace)replaceable adj. 可替換的；可置換的；可放在原處的Eg: I want a replaceable battery. (replace)考點(diǎn)三：短語(yǔ)詞組replace with替換為；以代替replace by取代；以代替11. amplified考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換amplify v. 放大，擴(kuò)大；增強(qiáng)；詳述Eg: This will amplify the impact of our activities and our resources.(amp

15、lified)考點(diǎn)二：短語(yǔ)詞組amplified spontaneous emission放大自發(fā)射；放大式自發(fā)射12. combine v. (with sth.) ; A and / with B (cause things to) join or mix together to form a whole考點(diǎn)一：同義詞辨析join, combine, unite, connect, link, attach, couple, associate, relate這些動(dòng)詞均有“連接，結(jié)合，聯(lián)合”之意。join： 側(cè)重把原來(lái)不相連接的物緊密地連接在一起，但仍可再分開(kāi)。也指把分散的人或幾個(gè)部分的人

16、聯(lián)合起來(lái)，或加入到某團(tuán)體中去。combine： 指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物結(jié)合在一起。unite： 指聯(lián)合、團(tuán)結(jié)、結(jié)合在一起，構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。connect： 指兩事物在某一點(diǎn)上相連接，但彼此又保持獨(dú)立。link： 指連環(huán)式的連接，或用接合物或其它方式連接，還可指一事物與另一事物的聯(lián)系或關(guān)系。attach： 指把局部連接在整體上，小的接在大的上面，活動(dòng)的接在固定的上面。couple： 專指連接兩件東西，或把事物成對(duì)進(jìn)行連接。associate： 指人與人友好和平、平等地聯(lián)合在一起；用于物時(shí)，指兩事物因歷史或其它原因，很自然被人們聯(lián)系在一起，即產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想。relate： 指人與人有親戚或婚煙關(guān)系；也指

17、人或物之間尚存的實(shí)際或假想的聯(lián)系。考點(diǎn)二：詞形變換combination n. 結(jié)合；組合；聯(lián)合；化學(xué) 化合Eg: And then I do a combination of them. (combine)combinative adj. 結(jié)合的；可結(jié)合的；有結(jié)合力的Eg: Due to combinative of all Wood, it takes up the 80% paving surface in Occidents Projects.(combine)13. extreme adj. attrib作定語(yǔ) of the highest degree or intensity;

18、greatest possible考點(diǎn)一：詞形變換extremely adv. 極端地；極度地；偏激地；盡頭地 Eg: The policy was followed to an absurd extreme.(extremely)extremist n. 極端主義者，過(guò)激分子Eg: This is an extremist attitude but not one that is easily debated.（extreme）考點(diǎn)二：短語(yǔ)詞組extremely urgent迫在眉睫extremely useful非常有用extremely low frequency極低頻extremely

19、 cruel極其殘忍；慘絕人寰extremely high frequency極高頻14. faultn. U a mistake, especially something for which you are to blame考點(diǎn)一：同義詞辨析error, fault, blunder, flaw, mistake, shortcoming, defect, slip這些名詞均有“錯(cuò)誤”或error： 指思想或行動(dòng)背離正題軌道或沒(méi)有得到正確指引而出現(xiàn)的偏差或錯(cuò)誤。fault： 一般指小并且可寬容的缺點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)誤。blunder： 通常指由于無(wú)知或情況不明造成判斷或行動(dòng)上的大錯(cuò)。flaw： 指結(jié)構(gòu)

20、或組織上的缺點(diǎn)，如破裂之處。用作比喻意義時(shí)，指品格上的缺陷。mistake： 最普通用詞，泛指思想上、行為上或認(rèn)識(shí)上的判斷或理解方面的錯(cuò)誤。shortcoming： 指沒(méi)有達(dá)到所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、沒(méi)有充分發(fā)展或沒(méi)盡到職責(zé)的不足、缺點(diǎn)或短處。多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。defect： 普通用詞。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物本質(zhì)上的缺點(diǎn)。slip： 指因疏忽或無(wú)意而造成的差錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)二：詞形變換faultless adj. 完美的；無(wú)缺點(diǎn)的Eg: Shifting people permanently off the land will be a stern test of Chinese policy planning

21、, which is not faultless.faulty adj. 有錯(cuò)誤的；有缺點(diǎn)的Eg: We only have one used device, with the other set as faulty.考點(diǎn)三：短語(yǔ)詞組at fault (獵犬追捕獵物時(shí))失去嗅跡，有責(zé)任，有過(guò)錯(cuò)，有毛病，有故障double fault 【網(wǎng)球】發(fā)球雙誤Faults are thick where love is thin. 諺語(yǔ)一朝情義淡，樣樣不順眼。find fault (with) 找(的)岔，抱怨，責(zé)難，吹毛求疵in fault 有責(zé)任，有過(guò)錯(cuò)，該受責(zé)備15. chewv. to crus

22、h food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it can be swallowed考點(diǎn)一：同義詞辨析bite, chew, gnaw, snap這些動(dòng)詞均含有“咬，啃”之意。bite： 指用牙齒鉗住或切斷，或咬一口。chew： 指用牙磨碎。gnaw： 指連續(xù)不斷用齒咬。snap： 指突然猛咬。考點(diǎn)二：短語(yǔ)詞組bite off more than one can chew 去做自己做不了的事，自不量力chew the fat 俚語(yǔ)聊天，閑談chew the rag 英國(guó)俚語(yǔ)發(fā)牢騷，抱怨，美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)聊天16. pointn. a

23、n opinion or fact that deserves to be considered seriously, or which other people agree is true考點(diǎn)一：詞形變換pointless adj. 無(wú)意義的；鈍的；不尖的；不得要領(lǐng)的Eg: We searched until we knew it would be pointless to continue.Pointer n. 指針；指示器；教鞭；暗示Eg: The pointer is still oscillating. 考點(diǎn)二：短語(yǔ)詞組point of view觀點(diǎn)；見(jiàn)地；立場(chǎng)point out指出

24、，指明at this point這時(shí)候，此時(shí)此刻point in有意義；在有作用starting point出發(fā)點(diǎn)；起始點(diǎn)key point關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)；要點(diǎn)focal point焦點(diǎn)in pointadv. 相關(guān)的；恰當(dāng)?shù)模恢锌系膐n the point即將的時(shí)候；即將的；在點(diǎn)上turning point轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)to the point of達(dá)到的程度17. producern. a person who is in charge of the practical and financial aspects of making a film or a play 考點(diǎn):詞形轉(zhuǎn)換producev.E.g

25、.We ought to and can produce more petroleum(石油).(producer)18. contactn.&v.close interaction考點(diǎn)一：詞義精講contact作名詞時(shí)，既可作單數(shù)，也可作復(fù)數(shù)。英國(guó)人習(xí)慣用其單數(shù)形式，而美國(guó)人則習(xí)慣用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“聯(lián)系”的意思。 E.g.I have had many contacts with my friends.contact作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，指“與聯(lián)系”。 E.g.During my stay in the city I contacted several teachers.表示“開(kāi)始與某人接觸”時(shí)，可以

26、用以下來(lái)兩種表達(dá)方式：come into contact with和come in contact with。前者比后者使用更頻繁； make contact with 表示“與某人進(jìn)行接觸”； contact的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)：有時(shí)可指“被聯(lián)系的人”。contact還常有“跟（無(wú)線電臺(tái)）通信”或“跟交戰(zhàn)”的意思。 E.g.I have got this information from one of my contacts, who used to live overseas.v.(動(dòng)詞) contact的基本意思是“接觸”“聯(lián)系”,用于物時(shí)指相互緊密接觸,用于人時(shí)指通過(guò)寫信、電話、見(jiàn)面等方式直接

27、聯(lián)系,但身體未必接觸。 contact可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析contact, touch 這兩個(gè)詞都可表示“接觸”“聯(lián)系”。其區(qū)別在于:touch指具體的、感覺(jué)器官的接觸,并暗示這類接觸所帶來(lái)的優(yōu)美或親密的感覺(jué); 而contact指抽象的接觸,僅指“聯(lián)系”而身體未必接觸。E.g.I must contact my lawyer before I make my final decisions.在作出最后決定以前,我必須先同我的律師聯(lián)系一下。Until recently, this remote tribe had

28、 contacted little with the outside world.這個(gè)邊遠(yuǎn)的部落直到最近和外界幾乎沒(méi)什么聯(lián)系。考點(diǎn)三：易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【錯(cuò)句】the painter lived more than a decade in Europe, where he could have contact with other cubists.【糾正】the painter lived more than a decade in Europe, where he could be in contact with other cubists.【翻譯】這個(gè)畫家在歐洲，這個(gè)可以同其他立體派畫家交流交往的地方

29、生活十幾年了。【分析】表示“與人接觸”時(shí)，常用 be in contact with。19. scriptn. a written text of a play, film etc.考點(diǎn)一：詞義辨析alphabet & letter & character & script 這些名詞均有“字母”之意。alphabet:alphabet指整個(gè)字母系統(tǒng)或一種語(yǔ)言的字母表，不表單個(gè)字母。 letter:letter指單個(gè)的字母。 character:character通常指漢語(yǔ)的方塊字，也指字符。 script:script指書寫或印刷的字母。考點(diǎn)二：詞匯拓展manuscript 手稿；原稿20.

30、agreevi. to have the same opinion with sb.考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換agreement n.E.g.They renounced(中止) the agreement between us.(agree)考點(diǎn)二：介詞搭配agree with指“同意”，后面接“人”或者“意見(jiàn)”。 agree to指“同意于”，后面接意為“提議”，“辦法”，“計(jì)劃”等的詞。agree on/upon指“(雙方)決定”。 E.g. I agree with you. I agree with what you say. I agree to the proposal / arrange

31、ment. They agree on/upon these terms.考點(diǎn)三：詞義精講agree指“承認(rèn)”時(shí)，后可接that從句。 E.g.I agree that the book is well worth reading.不定式前通常加agree而不是accept。 (單選及完形填空題目中有涉及)E.g.I agreed to meet them here.不用accept to do?？键c(diǎn)四：易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1. 翻譯 “I think it is a bad idea.” “I couldnt agree more.” 【誤】 “我認(rèn)為這是個(gè)壞主意?！薄拔也荒芡獾酶唷??！菊?“我認(rèn)為

32、這是個(gè)壞主意?！薄拔乙餐耆沁@么想的?！薄疚觥?could not agree more的含義是completely agree,即“完全同意”,不要按字面譯為“不 能同意得更多”。2. 翻譯 & 改錯(cuò) 我同意他再試一次。 【誤】I agree him to have another try.【正】I agree that he should have another try.【析】agree不可跟含不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。3. 改錯(cuò) 我同意幫助他做作業(yè)。 【誤】I agreed helping him with his homework.【正】I agreed to help him with h

33、is homework.【析】agree不可跟動(dòng)名詞。21. direct vt. to be in charge of actors in a play, or a film or musicians in an orchestra考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換directlyadv.directionn.directorn. a person in charge of a film or a play who tells the actors or staff what to doE.g.She tried to beat the system by helping people directly. (

34、direct) The most important step is to reorient the direction of the new building. (direct) The director expresses his sorrow in his film.(direct)考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析direct & directly 這兩個(gè)詞都可表示“直接地”。其區(qū)別是：1.direct常指空間、距離,表示“直接地”; directly可指時(shí)間,表示“立刻”“馬上”。E.g.She drove direct to school.她直接開(kāi)車到學(xué)校。 Ill be there directl

35、y.我馬上到那兒。2.direct多用于直義,修飾動(dòng)詞,而directly則多用于比喻義,修飾形容詞。例如:E.g.You had better write direct to the secretary. 你最好直接寫信給書記。 I think Mike is directly responsible for the damage. 我認(rèn)為邁克要對(duì)這個(gè)損失負(fù)責(zé)。 3. 如果乘坐交通工具,飛機(jī)、火車、汽車等從一地直達(dá)某地,不換乘其他交通工具,則不可用directly,而要用direct來(lái)表示。E.g.You cant go to Manchester direct, you have to c

36、hange trains at Birmingham. 你不能直達(dá)曼徹斯特,你一定要在伯明翰換車。4. directly還可用作連詞,相當(dāng)于as soon as; direct無(wú)此用法。E.g.Directly that he came in,I knew something had happened. 當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我知道有事發(fā)生了。5.在美式英語(yǔ)中direct用作副詞時(shí)和directly用法上沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的區(qū)分。22.scene n. a part of a film, or play in which the action happens in one place or is one part

37、icular type考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換sceneryn.the appearance of a placeE.g.Nothing took away from the beauty of the scenery. （scene)考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析scene, prospect, scenery, sight, view 這組詞都有“景色”的意思。其區(qū)別是：1. prospect指從高處眺望所見(jiàn)到的景色,前景; scene指局部的、一眼可見(jiàn)全貌的風(fēng)景或景色,不限于自然的風(fēng)景,也常指(戲劇、電影、小說(shuō)等的)場(chǎng)景、布景; scenery則指某一國(guó)家或某一地區(qū)的整體的自然風(fēng)景; sight指眼見(jiàn)的景色,

38、如供人游覽之地的“景”或“景色”,尤指人工制成的景; view則主要指從高處俯視到的景色。E.g.The prospect from the hill is yet more beautiful.從山上眺望風(fēng)景更為美麗。 The West Lake is remarkable for its scenery.西湖以其風(fēng)景著名。 The Great Wall is one of the most breath-taking sights in the world.長(zhǎng)城是世界上最驚人的壯觀景象之一。 There is a lovely view from this window.從這個(gè)窗子可以看到

39、一片秀麗的景色。2. view和scene所表達(dá)的景色都是scenery中的一部分,都可指眼里看到的每日自然的景色,但view是最一般的用語(yǔ),而scene則是由“舞臺(tái)場(chǎng)景”的意義引申而來(lái)的,用的少些?？键c(diǎn)三：易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（改錯(cuò)及單選涉及） 1.這(里)是一派漁村景象。 【誤】This is a scenery of a fishing village.【正】This is a scene of a fishing village. 2.瑞士的風(fēng)景真是美不可言。 【誤】The scene in Switzerland is too beautiful for words.【正】The scenery

40、in Switzerland is too beautiful for words.【析】 表示“某一景色”用scene,前面常加不定冠詞a; scenery是“風(fēng)景”的總稱,是 不可數(shù)名詞。23. organizevt. to arrange for sth. to happen or to be provided考點(diǎn)：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換organizationn.E.g.The lack of funds posed difficulties for this organization last year. (organize)disorganizev.remove the organization

41、 fromE.g.To disorganize the defence(防守). (organize)24.supportingadj. actor in a play or film has an important part but not the leading one考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換supportn.&v.E.g.She has the full support of her constituents(選民).(supporting) Thank you for supporting me in my dream.(support)考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析support, advocate,

42、uphold這組詞的共同意思是“支援,贊助”。support指道義上或物質(zhì)上支持某人,也可指對(duì)一項(xiàng)事業(yè)的支持或贊助; advocate指通過(guò)發(fā)表演說(shuō)或?qū)懳恼聛?lái)表示支持、擁護(hù),常暗示提倡某事或?yàn)槟呈罗q護(hù); uphold指把快要倒下的東西扶直并撐穩(wěn),引申指支持正受到攻擊或挑戰(zhàn)的某人或某事。E.g.I was supported by him both materially and spiritually. 我既得到了他的物質(zhì)支持,也得到了他的精神支持。 He advocated building more good roads.他主張修筑更多的好公路。 He upheld his brothers

43、 honor.他維護(hù)他兄弟的名譽(yù)?？键c(diǎn)三：易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 1.你贊成我們每天縮短工作時(shí)間的想法嗎? 【誤】 Do you support that we should work for a shorter time each day?【正】 Do you support the idea that we should work for a shorter time each day?【析】 support表示“支持”或“贊成”時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞,后面很少跟that從句作賓語(yǔ),通常用名詞 或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。 2.所有的聽(tīng)眾歡呼表示支持主席的提議。 【誤】 All the audience cheered in t

44、he support of the presidents suggestion.【正】 All the audience cheered in support of the presidents suggestion.【析】 在give support, require support, in support等短語(yǔ)中, support前不可加a或the。25.extra n. a person who is employed to play a very small part in a film usually as a member of a crowdadj. more than is n

45、eeded, desired, or requiredadv. unusually or exceptionally考點(diǎn)一：詞義精講extra的基本意思是“外加的”,常指數(shù)量上的增加或價(jià)格方面“另外收費(fèi)的”。 extra在句中可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 extra無(wú)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 extra也可用作名詞表示“另外收費(fèi)的事物”“拍電影時(shí)臨時(shí)演員”“報(bào)紙的號(hào)外”。E.g. At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.在這家旅店,熱水浴另外收費(fèi)。 We need a thousand extras for big crowd scene. 在拍攝群眾大場(chǎng)面時(shí),我們需要上千名臨

46、時(shí)演員。 Late evening extra!晚間最新號(hào)外! extra還可用作副詞表示“特別地”“非常”,可修飾其他副詞或形容詞。E.g. She works extra hard.她工作特別努力。 He bought an extra large cake.他買了一塊非常大的蛋糕。 考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析additional extra supplementary 這些形容詞均有“另加的，額外的”之意。additional:additional由名詞addition派生出的形容詞，指在原有基礎(chǔ)上添加上去的。 extra:extra指不包括本身而額外加上去的部分。 supplementary:s

47、upplementary由名詞supplement派生而來(lái)，指對(duì)原有的追加或補(bǔ)究。 考點(diǎn)三：詞匯拓展詞根：extr(a)-=out,表示出去,外extra+ordinary=extraordinary adj. 非凡的，特別的26. crowdn. a particular group of peoplev. to gather together in large numbers考點(diǎn)一：詞義精講n.(名詞) crowd是可數(shù)名詞,其基本意思是許多人圍在一起,即“人群”,可指“聽(tīng)眾”“觀眾”等。 crowd還可用作量詞,后接“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“一群人”“一堆事物”。 crowd作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂

48、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。強(qiáng)調(diào)集體時(shí)用單數(shù),強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)特別是美式英語(yǔ)中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 crowd與定冠詞the連用,可表示“百姓,群眾”。 v.(動(dòng)詞) crowd的基本意思是“擠滿”，可指一群人或物“擠”在一起擁向某物地而產(chǎn)生的巨大壓力; 也可指由于數(shù)量之大而造成不便,含有人滿為患的意味。還可指一個(gè)群人從人群中用力擁擠而過(guò)；crowd引申可表示“催逼”,即方言中的“擠兌”。 crowd是及物動(dòng)詞,其主語(yǔ)一般為人,其賓語(yǔ)可以為人,也可以為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。 crowd可用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 考點(diǎn)二：詞義辨析people masses crowd throng mob 這些

49、名詞均有“人們、人群”之意。people:people最普通用詞，不帶任何色彩，泛指不確定數(shù)量的人們。 masses:masses指群眾或平民，在西方國(guó)家含貶義，在我國(guó)含褒義。 crowd:crowd本義指一大群緊緊聚集在一起的人，現(xiàn)指群眾整體，由個(gè)體結(jié)合的人群或大眾。 throng:throng與crowd含義很接近，?？蓳Q用，但側(cè)重指向前運(yùn)動(dòng)的群眾。 mob:mob含貶義，指烏合之眾、暴民。 27. designern. a person whose job is to decide how things such as clothes, furniture, tools, etc wil

50、l look or work by making drawings, plans or patterns考點(diǎn)：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換design n. & v.設(shè)計(jì)The basic design of the car is very similar to that of earlier models.（designer）28. responsibleadj. having the job or duty of doing sth. or taking care of something考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換responsibly adv.Responsibility n.They are emotionally

51、 mature and should behave responsibly.(responsible)We are recruiting a sales manager with responsibility for the European market.(responsible)考點(diǎn)二：詞義精講1.be responsible for表示“對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)任”，它的主語(yǔ)不一定是人，這種用法在美式英語(yǔ)中較常見(jiàn)。 The cold weather is responsible for his absence.冷空氣對(duì)他的缺席有一定的責(zé)任。2.the person responsible表示“負(fù)責(zé)人”。

52、I want to see the person responsible.我想見(jiàn)負(fù)責(zé)人。3.responsible后面可跟that從句。 The writer of a letter is responsible that it will be understood by its recipient.寫信的人有責(zé)任讓收信人讀懂信的意思?？键c(diǎn)三：易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【錯(cuò)句】we must be responsible to the students behaviour. 【糾正】we must be responsible for the students behaviour. 【翻譯】我們要對(duì)學(xué)生的行為負(fù)責(zé)

53、。 【分析】be responsible to后跟人，指“對(duì)某人負(fù)責(zé)”，而be responsible for后跟物，指“對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)”。 29. editorn. a person who takes what has been filmed or recorded and decide which parts to include and in which order in a film or a television programme考點(diǎn)一：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換edit v.Youll have to edit that tape, its too long.(editor)考點(diǎn)二：詞組拓展depa

54、rtment editor 專欄編輯 news editor 新聞編輯 editor in chief 總編 30. massacren. an act of killing a lot of people考點(diǎn)一：詞義辨析kill murder slaughter massacre assassinate execute 這些動(dòng)詞均有“殺、殺死”之意。kill:kill普通用詞，含義廣泛，泛指以任何方式使人、動(dòng)物或植物死亡。 murder:murder指謀殺或兇殺。 slaughter:slaughter本義指大批宰殺動(dòng)物，也指像屠宰牲畜一樣一次殺死許多人。 massacre:massacre

55、語(yǔ)氣比slaughter強(qiáng)。指大屠殺，尤指屠殺失去了自衛(wèi)能力的人。 assassinate:assassinate通常指因政治原因用非法手段殺害政治領(lǐng)袖人物或知名人士。 execute:execute指依法處死罪犯。 考點(diǎn)二：首字母填空The press has reported the massacre of thousands of people for their religious beliefs.31. reservationn. 1. C an area of land made available for a particular group of people to live in2. an unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly E.g. They accepted the proposal without reservation.3. the act of reserving (a place or passage) or engaging the services of (a per