交通工程專業(yè)詞匯校正精華版

1、交通工程中英術語對照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路網(wǎng)highway network公路網(wǎng)密度highway density公路等級highway classification公路自然區(qū)劃climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路free way; express way等級公路classified highway輔道relief road干線公路arterial highway支線公路feeder highway專用公路accommodation highway國家干線公路(國

2、道national trunk highway省級干線公路(省道provincial trunk highway縣公路(縣道county road鄉(xiāng)公路(鄉(xiāng)道 township road輻射式公路radial highway環(huán)形公路ring highway繞行公路bypass交通結構traffic structure交通組成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理論traffic flow theory車流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density車頭間距space headway車頭時距time h

3、eadway車間凈距vehicular gap延誤delay地點速度spot speed行駛速度running speed運行速度operating speed臨界速度critical speed平均速度average speed計算行車速度(設計車速design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic年第30位最大小時交通量thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年最大小時交通量maximum annual h

4、ourly設計小時交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity設計通行能力design traffic capacity道路服務水平level of service公路交通規(guī)劃traffic planning交通調查traffic survey交通量調查traffic volume survey交通量觀測站traffic volume observation station起迄點調查(OD調查origin - destination s

5、tudy出行trip境內交通local traffic過境交通through traffic交通發(fā)生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通預測traffic prognosis行車道carriageway分離式行車道divided carriageway車道lane變速車道speed-change lane加速車道acceleration lane減速車道deceleration lane爬坡車道climbing lane停車道parking lane錯車道turn-out lane自行車道cycle

6、 path路側人行道sidewalk分隔帶lane separator中央分隔帶median divider中間帶central strip路肩shoulder; verge路緣帶marginal strip路緣石kerb ;curb側向余寬lateral clearance路拱camber ;crown路拱橫坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路線highway route公路線形highway alignment平面線形horizontal alignment縱面線形vertical alignment線形要素alignment elements

7、平曲線horizontal curve極限最小平曲線半徑limited minimum radius of horizontal curve復曲線compound curve反向曲線reverse curve斷背曲線broken-back curve回頭曲線switch-back curve緩和曲線transition curve豎曲線vertical curve彎道加寬curve widening加寬緩和段transition zone of curve超高super elevation超高緩和段super elevation runoff縱坡longitudinal gradient最大縱

8、坡maximum longitudinal gradient最小縱坡minimum longitudinal gradient變坡點grade change point平均縱坡average gradient坡長限制grade length limitation高原縱坡拆減 highland grade compensation緩和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient視距sight distance停車視距non-passing sight distance,stopping sight distance超車視距passing sigh

9、t distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection;gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection環(huán)形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉"+"T 形交叉T intersection錯位交叉offset intersection; staggered junctionY 形交叉Y intersection立體交叉grade separation分離式立體交叉simple g

10、rade separation, separate grade crossing互通式立體交叉interchange苜蓿葉形立體交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分苜蓿葉形立體交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立體交叉diamond interchange定向式立體交叉directional interchange喇叭形立體交叉three-Leg interchange環(huán)形立體交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing;intersection交叉口進口intersection entrance交叉口出口in

11、tersection exit加鋪轉角式交叉口intersection with widened corners拓寬路口式交叉口flared intersection分道轉彎式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交織weaving交織路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging沖突點conflict point交通島traffic island導流島channelization island中心島central island安全島refuge island沿線設施roadside facilities交通

12、安全設施traffic safety device人行橫道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天橋pedestrian overcrossing護欄guard fence防護柵guard fence,safety barrier遮光柵anti-dizzling screen應急電話emergency telephone反光標志reflective sign反光路鈕reflective button彎道反光鏡traffic mirror道路交通標志road traffic sign警告標志warning sign禁令標志regulatory sign指示標志gu

13、ide sign指路標志information sign輔助標志auxiliary sign可變信息標志changeable message sign路面標線pavement marking防雪設施snow protection facilities防沙設施sands protection facilities隔音墻acoustic barrier停車場parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study線形設計highway alignment design公路景觀設計highway landscape design選線route select

14、ion路線控制點control point定線location比較線alternative line展線line development初測preliminary survey定測location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography臺地terrace埡口pass;saddle back平原區(qū)plain terrain微丘區(qū)rolling terrain重丘區(qū)hilly terrain山嶺區(qū)mountainous terrain沿溪線valley line山脊線ridge line山坡線hill-side line越嶺線ridge c

15、rossing line土方調配cut-fill transition土方調配圖cut-fill transition program土方調配經(jīng)濟運距economical hauling distance導線traverse中線center line中線測量center line survey施工測量construction survey竣工測量final survey(路線 平面圖plan交點intersection point虛交點imaginary intersection point轉點turning point轉角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象

16、限角bearing方向角direction angle切線長tangent length曲線長curve length外(矢 距external secant測站instrument station測點observation point中樁center stake加樁additional stake護樁reference stake斷鏈broken chainage水準點bench mark絕對基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation設計高程designed elevation(路線 縱斷面圖profile中樁填挖高度cut and fil

17、l at center stake地形測量topographic survey基線base line地形圖topographic map等高線contour line橫斷面測量cross-sectional survey橫斷面圖cross-section坑探pit test鉆探boring攝影測量photogrammetry航空攝影測量aerial photogrammetry地面立體攝影測量ground stereophoto grammetry地面控制點測量ground control-point survey航攝基線aerophoto base影像地圖photographic map像片

18、索引圖(鑲輯復照圖photo index航攝像片判讀aerophoto interpretation綜合法測圖planimatric photo全能法測圖universal photo微分法測圖differential photo像片鑲嵌圖photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路塹cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-part fill subgrade臺口式路基benched subgrade路基寬度width of subgrade路基設計高程design elevation of subgrade(路基 最小填土高度minimum height of

19、 fill邊坡side slope邊坡坡度grade of side slope(邊 坡頂top of slope(邊 坡腳toe of slope護坡道berm邊坡平臺plain stage of slope碎落臺berm at the foot of cutting slope護坡slope protection擋土墻retaining wall重力式擋土墻gravity retaining wall衡重式擋土墻balance weight retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻cantilever retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻counterfort retaining wa

20、ll柱板式擋土墻column-plate retaining wall錨桿式擋土墻anchored retaining wall by tierods錨碇板式擋土墻anchored bulkhead retaining wall石籠rock filled gabion拋石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage邊溝side ditch截水溝intercepting ditch排水溝drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸發(fā)池evaporation pond盲溝blind drain滲水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embank

21、ment過水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth棄土waste取土坑borrow pit棄土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黃土loess軟土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat鹽漬土salty soil膨脹土expansive soil凍土frozen soil多年凍土permafrost流砂quicksand軟弱地基soft ground強夯法dynamic consolidation預壓法preloading method反壓護道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂墊層sand mat of subgrade

22、壓實compaction壓實度degree of compaction(標準 最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相對密實度relative density毛細水capillary water土石方爆破blasting procedure拋擲爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松動爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting circles of blasting路面pavement彈性層狀體系理論elastic multilayer theory(回彈 彎沉deflection加

23、州承載比(CBRCalifornia bearingratio,(CBR路面寬度width of pavement路槽road trough剛性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面結構層pavement structure layer面層surface course磨耗層wearing course聯(lián)結層binder course基層base course墊層bed course隔水層aquitard隔溫層thermal insulating course封層seal coat透層prime coat保護層protection course補強層str

24、engthening layer高級路面high type pavement次高級路面sub-high type pavement中級路面intermediate type pavement低級路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement瀝青路面bituminous pavement瀝青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement瀝青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement瀝青貫入碎(礫 石路面bituminous penetration pavement瀝青表面處治bituminous sur

25、face treatment塊料路面block pavement石塊路面stone block pavement泥結碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement水結碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement級配路面graded aggregate pavement穩(wěn)定土基層stabilized soil base course工業(yè)廢渣基層industrial waste base course塊石基層Telford base層鋪法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method廠拌法plant mixing method路拌法roa

26、d mixing method熱拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method熱鋪法hot laid method冷鋪法cold laid method貫入法penetration method鋪砌法pitching method縮縫contraction joint脹縫expansion joint真縫true joint假縫dummy joint橫縫transverse joint縱縫longitudinal joint施工縫construction joint傳力桿dowel bar拉桿tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度s

27、urface roughness路面摩擦系數(shù)friction coefficient of pavement附著力adhesive force水滑現(xiàn)象hydroplaning phenomenon橋梁bridge公路橋highway bridge公鐵兩用橋highway and rail transit bridge人行橋pedestrian bridge跨線橋overpass bridge高架橋viaduct永久性橋permanent bridge半永久性橋semi-permanent bridge臨時性橋temporary bridge鋼筋混凝土橋reinforced concrete b

28、ridge預應力混凝土橋prestressed concrete bridge鋼橋steel bridge圬工橋masonry bridge木橋timber bridge正交橋right bridge斜交橋skew bridge彎橋curved bridge坡橋bridge on slope斜橋skew bridge正橋right bridge上承式橋deck bridge中承式橋half-through bridge下承式橋through bridge梁橋beam bridge簡支梁橋simple supported beam bridge連續(xù)梁橋continuous beam bridge

29、懸臂梁橋cantilever beam bridge聯(lián)合梁橋composite beam bridge板橋slab bridge拱橋arch bridge雙曲拱橋two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱橋open spandrel arch bridge實腹拱橋filled spandrel arch bridge系桿拱橋bowstring arch bridge桁架橋truss bridge剛構橋rigid frame bridgeT 形剛構橋T-shaped rigid frame bridge連續(xù)剛構橋continuous rigid frame bridge斜腿剛構橋

30、rigid frame bridge with inclined legs斜拉橋(斜張橋cable stayed bridge懸索橋suspension bridge漫水橋submersible bridge浮橋pontoon bridge開啟橋movable bridge裝配式橋fabricated bridge裝拆式鋼橋fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert蓋板涵slab culvert無壓力式涵洞non-pressure culvert壓力式涵洞pressure culvert半壓

31、力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部結構superstructure主梁main beam橫梁floor beam縱梁longitudinal beam, stringer掛梁suspended beam拱圈archring拱上結構spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上側墻spandrel wall橋面系floor system, bridge decking橋面鋪裝bridge deck pavement伸縮縫expansion and contraction joint橋面伸縮裝置bridge fl

32、oor expansion and contraction installation安全帶safety belt橋頭搭板transition slab at bridge head下部結構substructure橋墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping蓋梁bent cap破冰體ice apron重力式橋墩gravity pier實體橋墩solid pier空心橋墩hollow pier柱式橋墩column pier排架樁墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制動墩braking pier單向推力墩single direction thrusted pier橋臺

33、abutment臺身abutment body前墻front wall翼墻wing walls臺帽coping錐坡conical slope耳墻wing wallsU 形橋臺U-shaped abutment八字形橋臺flare wing wall abutment一字形橋臺head wall abutment, straight abutment重力式橋臺gravity abutment埋置式橋臺buried abutment扶壁式橋臺counterforted abutment錨錠板式橋臺anchored bulkhead abutment支撐式橋臺supported type abutm

34、ent地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基礎foundation擴大基礎spread foundation沉井基礎open caisson foundation管柱基礎cylindrical shaft foundation樁基礎pile foundation樁pile預制樁precast pile就地灌注樁cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦樁friction pile支承樁bearing pile承臺bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活動支座expa

35、nsion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle調治構造物regulating structure丁壩spur dike順壩longitudinal dam橋位bridge site橋梁全長total length of bridge主橋main bridge引橋approach span跨徑span橋涵計算跨徑computed span橋涵凈跨徑clear span矢跨比rise span ratio計算矢高calculated rise of arch橋下凈空clearance of span橋面凈空clearance above bridge f

36、loor橋梁建筑高度construction height of bridge荷載load永久荷載permanent load可變荷載variable load偶然荷載accidental load荷載組合loading combinations車輛荷載標準loading standard for design vehicle設計荷載design load施工荷載construction load梁beam簡支梁simple-supported beam連續(xù)梁continuous beam懸臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss剛構rigid frame柱colu

37、mn強度strength剛度stiffness rigidity抗裂度crack resistance穩(wěn)定性stability位移displacement變形deformation撓度deflection預拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面積runoff area徑流runoff水文測驗hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel邊灘side shoal河灘flood land河床寬度bed width河槽寬度channel width過水斷面discharge section水位water lev

38、el最高(或最低 水位maximum (minimumwater level通航水位navigable water level設計水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed濕周wetted perimeter糙率coefficient of roughness水力半徑hydraulic radius水文計算hydrological computation設計流量designed discharge設計流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水調查fl

39、ood survey洪水頻率flood frequency設計洪水頻率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river懸移質suspended load推移質bed material load水力計算hydraulic computation水頭water head沖刷scour橋下一般沖刷general scour under bridge橋墩(或臺 局部沖刷local scour near pier自然演變沖刷natural scour沖刷系數(shù)coefficient of scouring淤積silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先張法p

40、retensioning method后張法post-tensioning method纜索吊裝法erection with cableway懸臂拼裝法erection by protrusion懸臂澆筑法cast-in-place cantilever method移動支架逐跨施工法span by span method縱向拖拉法erection by longitudinal pulling method頂推法incremental launching method轉體架橋法construction by swing浮運架橋法erecting by floating頂入法jack-in m

41、ethod圍堰cofferdam護筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞門tunnel portal襯砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel圍巖surrounding rock隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of tunnels明挖法open cut method礦山法mine tunnelling method盾構法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法immersed tunnel導坑heading隧道支撐tunnel support構件支撐element support噴錨支護lock bolt supp

42、ort with shotcrete隧道通風tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting養(yǎng)護maintenance定期養(yǎng)護periodical maintenance巡回養(yǎng)護patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保養(yǎng)routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road improvement搶修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping

43、罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路面補強pavement strengthening車轍rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面網(wǎng)裂net-shaped cracking路面龜裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂縫reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面凍脹surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃邊edge fai

44、lure泛油bleeding擁包upheaval拱脹blow up錯臺faulting of slab ends錯法slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振動 液化liquefaction翻漿frost boiling巖溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毀washout好路率rate of good roads養(yǎng)護質量綜合值general rating of maintenance quality

45、路容road appearance路況road condition路況調查road condition survey路政管理road administration民工建勤civilian labourers working on public project養(yǎng)路費toll of road maintenance養(yǎng)路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料aggregate礦料mineral aggregate礦粉mineral powder砂sand礫石gravel砂礫sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone,

46、crushed stone片石rubble塊石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工業(yè)廢渣industrial solid waste結合料binder有機結合料organic binding agent瀝青bitumen地瀝青asphalt天然瀝青natural asphalt石油瀝青petroleum asphalt煤瀝青coal tar乳化瀝青emulsified bitumen氧化瀝青oxidized asphalt路用瀝青road bitumen有機結合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture瀝青混合料bit

47、uminous mixture瀝青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture瀝青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture瀝青砂asphalt sand瀝青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂漿cement mortar石灰砂漿lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete鋼筋混凝土reinforced concrete預應力(鋼筋 混凝土prestressed concrete早強混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete貧混

48、凝土lean concrete輕質混凝土light-weight concrete纖維混凝土fibrous concrete外摻劑admixture減水劑water reducing agent加氣劑air entraining agent早強劑early strength agent緩凝劑retarder鋼筋steel bar預應力鋼材prestressing steel高強鋼絲high tensile steel wire鋼鉸線stranded steel wire冷拉鋼筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔鋼絲cold-drawn steel wire高強螺栓high s

49、trength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒徑grain size顆粒組成grain composition細度fineness篩分sieve analysis級配gradation級配曲線grading curve最佳級配optimum gradation含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit縮限shrinkage limit塑性指數(shù)plasticity index水泥標號cement mark水泥混凝土標號cemen

50、t concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity氣硬性air hardening離析segregation徐變creep老化ageing(瀝青 稠度consistency(of bitumen針入度penetration粘(滯 度viscosity軟化點softening point延度ductility閃點flash point溶解度dissolubility熱穩(wěn)性hot stability水穩(wěn)

51、性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content壓碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness彈性模量modulus of elasticity回彈模量modulus of resilience勁度(模量stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲勞試驗fatigue test劈裂試驗splitting test三軸試驗triaxial test擊實試驗compaction test觸探試驗cone penetration test彎

52、沉試驗deflection test環(huán)道試驗circular track test承載板試驗loading plate test透水性試驗perviousness test車轍試驗wheel tracking test馬歇爾試驗Marshall stability test壓實度試驗compactness test鋪砂法sand patch method硬練膠砂強度試驗earth-dry mortar strengthtest軟練膠砂強度試驗plastic mortar strengthtest(水泥 安定性試驗soundness test(of cement擊實儀compaction tes

53、t equipment長桿貫入儀penetration test equipment承載板loading plate杠桿彎沉儀beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半徑測定儀surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度測定儀viameter路面透水度測定儀surface permeameter五輪儀fifth-wheel tester制動儀skiddometer速度檢測器speed detector萬能試驗機universal testing machine三軸(剪切 儀triaxial shear equipment加州承載比(CBR測定儀Califor

54、nia bearing ratiotester標準篩standard sieves(瀝青 針入度儀penetrometer(瀝青 粘度儀viscosimeter(瀝青 延度儀ductilometer(瀝青 軟化點儀(環(huán)-球法softening point tester(ring-ball method閃點儀(開口杯式flash point tester (open cup method馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度儀Marshall stability apparatus(瀝青混合料 抽提儀bitumen extractor砂漿稠度儀mortar penetration tester坍落度圓錐筒slump cone標準工業(yè)粘度計standard concrete consistometer飽和面干吸水率試模saturated-surface-dried moisture retention tester撞擊韌度試驗機impact toughness machine圓盤耐磨硬度試驗機wear hardness machine狄法爾磨耗試驗機Deval abrasion tes