英語常用術語

1、語法grammar結構structure句子sentence從句clause詞組phrase詞類partsofspeech單詞word實詞notionalword/contentword虛詞structuralword/functionalword名詞noun專有名詞propernoun普通名詞commonnoun可數(shù)名詞countablenoun不可數(shù)名詞uncountablenoun抽象名詞abstractnoun具體名詞concretenoun物質名詞materialnoun集體名詞collectivenoun個體名詞individualnoun介詞preposition連詞conjun

2、ction動詞verb主動詞mainverb及物動詞transitiveverb不及物動詞intransitiveverb系動詞linkverb助動詞auxiliaryverb情態(tài)動詞modalverb規(guī)則動詞regularverb不規(guī)則動詞irregularverb短語動詞phrasalverb限定動詞finiteverb非限定動詞infiniteverb使役動詞causativeverb感官動詞verbofsenses感嘆詞exclamationverb形容詞adjective副詞adverb方式副詞adverbofmanner程度副詞adverbofdegree時間副詞adverboft

3、ime地點副詞adverbofplace修飾性副詞adjunct連接性副詞conjunct疑問副詞interrogativeadverb關系副詞relativeadverb代詞pronoun人稱代詞personalpronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun反身代詞reflexivepronoun相互代詞reciprocalpronoun指示代詞demonstrativepronoun疑問代詞interrogativepronoun關系代詞relativepronoun不定代詞indefinitepronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun名詞性物主代詞nominalp

4、ossessivepronoun形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠詞article定冠詞definitearticle不定冠詞indefinitearticle數(shù)詞numeral基數(shù)詞cardinalnumeral序數(shù)詞ordinalnumeral分數(shù)詞fractionalnumeral形式form單數(shù)形式singularform復數(shù)形式pluralform限定動詞finiteverbform非限定動詞non-finiteverbform原形baseform從句clause從屬句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名詞從

5、句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause同位語從句appositiveclause時間狀語從句adverbialclauseoftime地點狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner讓步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession原因狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語從句adverbialcla

6、useofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真實條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真實條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄條件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition錯綜條件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence簡單句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence復合句complexsentence并列復合句compoundcomplexsentence陳述句declarat

7、ivesentence疑問句interrogativesentence一般疑問句generalquestion特殊疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附加疑問句tagquestion反義疑問句disjunctivequestion修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion感嘆疑問句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感嘆句exclamato

8、rysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern主語subject謂語predicate賓語object雙賓語dualobject直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject復合賓語complexobject同源賓語cognateobject補語complement主補subjectcomplement賓補objectcomplement表語predicative定語attribute同位語appositive狀語adverbial句法關系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate從屬subordination修飾modifi

9、cation前置修飾pre-modification后置修飾post-modification限制restriction雙重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction數(shù)number單數(shù)形式singularform復數(shù)形式pluralform規(guī)則形式regularform不規(guī)則形式irregularform格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase賓格objectivecase性gender陽性masculine陰性feminine通性common中性neuter人稱person第一人稱firstper

10、son第二人稱secondperson第三人稱thirdperson時態(tài)tense過去將來時pastfuturetense過去將來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense過去將來完成時pastfutureperfecttense一般現(xiàn)在時presentsimpletense一般過去時pastsimpletense一般將來時futuresimpletense現(xiàn)在完成時pastperfecttense過去完成時presentperfecttense將來完成時futureperfecttense現(xiàn)在進行時presentcontinuoustense過去進行時pastcontinuou

11、stense將來進行時futurecontinuoustense過去將來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense現(xiàn)在完成進時presentperfectcontinuoustense過去完成進行時pastperfectcontinuoustense語態(tài)voice主動語態(tài)activevoice被動語態(tài)passivevoice語氣mood陳述語氣indicativemood祈使語氣imperativemood虛擬語氣subjunctivemood否定negation否定范圍scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation轉移否定s

12、hiftofnegation語序order自然語序naturalorder倒裝語序inversion全部倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion直接引語directspeech間接引語indirectspeech一致agreement主謂一致subject-predicateagreement語法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原則principleofproximity強調emphasis重復repetition語音pronunciation語調tone升調risingtone降調fallingtone降升調falling-risingtone文體s