中央民族大學(xué)考博英語模擬真題及其解析

1、 中央民族大學(xué)考博英語模擬真題及其解析Gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his otherteachings.(46Its motive was religious,but he claimed also for itthat it was a definite technique,a method,capable of producingdesired political results.Gandhis attitude was not that of mostWestern pacifists.Satyagraha,

2、(47the method Gandhi proposed andpracticed,first evolved in South Africa,was a sort of nonviolentwarfare,a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and withoutfeeling or arousing hatred.It entailed such things as civil Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian

3、fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jiazi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi disobedience,strikes,lyingdown in front of railway trains,enduring police charges withoutrunning away and without hitting back,and the like.Gandhi objectedto“passive resistance”as a translation of

4、 Satyagraha:in Gujuruti,it seems the word means“firmness in the truth.”(48In his earlydays Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in theBoer War,and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of1914-1918.Even after he had completely renounced violence he washonest enough to see

5、 that in war it is usually necessary to take sides.Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for nationalindependence,he could not and,(49indeed,he did not take thefruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both did he,like most Western pacifists,specialize in avoidin

6、g awkward questions.In relation to the war,one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is:“What about the Jews?Are you prepared to see them exterminated?”(50I must say that I have never heard,from any Western pacifist,an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plent

7、y of evasions,usually of the“youre another”type.But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in1938and his answer was on record in Mr.Louis Fishers Gandhi and Stalin.According to Mr.Fisher,Gandhis view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide,which “would ha

8、ve aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitlers violence.”答案46.其動機(jī)是宗教性質(zhì)的,但他也說這是一種明顯的技巧,一種方法,它可以產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的政治效果。47.這個由甘地提出并付諸實踐的方法,最早起源于南非,是一種非暴力的斗爭方式,用既不傷害對方又不會引發(fā)仇恨的手段打敗敵人。48.早年間,在布爾戰(zhàn)爭期間甘地曾經(jīng)為英方抬過擔(dān)架,而且在1914-1918年戰(zhàn)爭期間他又準(zhǔn)備這么做。49.而且也確實沒有采取毫無意義的、不誠實的態(tài)度,假裝說在所有戰(zhàn)爭中參戰(zhàn)雙方完全一樣,因而誰獲得勝利都無所謂。50.我必須說,我從未從任何一個西方

9、和平主義者那里聽到過對該問題的誠實的答復(fù),但是卻聽大了大量的躲閃之詞,通常都是“你是另外一回事”之類的回答。 總體分析本文是一篇介紹甘地的和平主義的文章。文章先介紹了甘地的和平主義的性質(zhì)、來源、具體形式等。接著指出了甘地作為和平主義者的獨特之處:首先,他雖然反對暴力,但并不否認(rèn)戰(zhàn)爭的立場;其次,他不躲避回答棘手的問題。試題精解46.精解本題考核知識點:后置定語的翻譯。該句是由but連接的兩個并列分句:前一分句是簡單句,后一分句是主從復(fù)合句。后一分句的主干是he claimed that.,其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。從句中形容詞短語capable of.做后置定語,修飾名詞a technique

10、, a method。該定語可以按照漢語習(xí)慣譯為前置定語,即,“一種可以產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的政治效果的明顯的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆譯法,譯為一個句子,增譯代詞“它”做主語。詞匯:claim意為“宣稱,聲稱,說”;definite意為“肯定的,確定的;清楚的,明顯的”,它和technique搭配時取“明顯的”含義;desired 意為“渴望的,期望的”,當(dāng)它和results/effect等詞搭配時常常譯為“預(yù)期的”。47.精解本題考核知識點:后置定語的翻譯和詞義的選擇。該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:the method.was a sort of warfare。主語the method后有兩個后置定語:一個是省

11、略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句Gandhi proposed and practiced;另一個是過去分詞短語first evolved in.。如果把它們都譯為漢語的前置定語會很冗長,不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此可把第一個定語前置,第二個定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語。而真正的謂語前可加上“這”或“它”指代真正的主語。表語a sort of warfare后是一個較長的同位語 a way of defeating.。其中介詞短語of.做后置定語修飾名詞a way,翻譯時應(yīng)前置。詞匯:practice意為“練習(xí),訓(xùn)練;經(jīng)常做;從事”等,在本句中與propose(提出對應(yīng)譯為“付諸實踐”。evolve意為“逐漸形成;進(jìn)化”,

12、但它在本句中不能將基本含義照搬,而應(yīng)意譯為“起源于(南非”。warfare 意為“作戰(zhàn),戰(zhàn)爭;斗爭,沖突”等,根據(jù)上下文,該詞應(yīng)增譯為“斗爭的方式(方法”。48.精解本題考核知識點:定語和狀語的翻譯該句是and連接的并列句,其主干結(jié)構(gòu)是:Gandhi served as a.and he was prepared.。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作時間狀語,修飾謂語served,翻譯時應(yīng)放在句首?！皁n the British side”做后置定語,修飾stretcher-bearer,應(yīng)譯為前置定語,即,“英方的擔(dān)架員”。詞匯:serv

13、e as sth.意為“(為工作,服務(wù),履行義務(wù),盡職責(zé)”;stretcher-bearer指“抬擔(dān)架者”;on sb.s side意為“站在某人一邊,和某人觀點一致”。49.精解本題考核知識點:后置定語、主語從句的翻譯。該句的主干是he did not take the.line,介詞短語of.做后置定語修飾賓語the line。由于定語太長,應(yīng)采取拆譯法,另起一句。動名詞pretending后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。該從句由兩個并列的分句組成: both sides are.and it makes.,后一分句中it為形式主語,從句who wins為真正的主語,漢語中不存在這種語法形式

14、,因此可以直接將從句內(nèi)容譯為主語。詞匯:line一詞的含義較多,但在本句中的含義是“態(tài)度,看 法”;fruitless意為“沒有成果的,無成效的,徒然的”;pretend意為“假裝”,本句中它后面跟有從句,應(yīng)增譯為“假裝說”。50.精解本題考核知識點:插入語、后置定語的翻譯該句的主干是I must say,后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。賓語從句是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句是I have never heard an honest answer,其謂語和賓語之間插入了一個狀語成分,翻譯時可放在句首或謂語之前,譯為“從任何一個西方和平主義者那里我從未聽說過”或“我從未從任何一個西方和平主義者那里聽說過”

15、。though引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)折狀語從句,其中介詞短語of.做后置定語,修飾賓語evasions,可譯為前置定語,也可另起一句。詞匯:evasion意為“躲避,逃避;借口,托詞”,根據(jù)上下文可活譯為“躲閃之詞”、“逃避的說法”等。全文翻譯甘地的和平主義在某種程度上可以與他的其他教義區(qū)分開來。其動機(jī)是宗教性質(zhì)的,但他也說這是一種明顯的技巧,一種方法,它可以產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的政治效果。甘地的態(tài)度不同于大多數(shù)西方和平主義者的態(tài)度。Satyagraha這個由甘地提出并付諸實踐的方法,最早起源于南非,是一種非暴力的斗爭方式,用既不傷害對方又不會引發(fā)仇恨的手段打敗敵人。它包括諸如公民抗議、罷工、臥軌、忍受警方的指控既不逃跑也不還擊等等。甘地反對把“Satyagraha”翻譯為“消極抵抗”,在古吉拉特語中,這個詞的意思好像是“真理的堅定性”。早年間,在布爾戰(zhàn)爭期間甘地曾經(jīng)為英方抬過擔(dān)架,而且在1914-1918年戰(zhàn)爭期間他又準(zhǔn)備這么做。即使在他徹底放棄暴力之后,他仍然很誠實地認(rèn)識到在戰(zhàn)爭中必須要有明確的立場。由于他的整個政治生涯都在為民族獨立而斗爭,因此他不能,而且也確實沒有采取毫無意義的、不誠實的態(tài)度,假裝說在所有戰(zhàn)爭中參戰(zhàn)雙方完全一樣,因 中國考博輔導(dǎo)首選學(xué)校 而誰獲得勝利都無所謂。他也沒有像大多數(shù)西方和平主義者一樣，專門躲