[名校聯(lián)盟]江蘇省丹陽市第九中學初中英語牛津譯林版8BUnit1現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)語法課件1

1、Unit 1Grammar丹陽九中丹陽九中 朱志風朱志風現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的基本句型現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的基本句型 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成助動詞助動詞havehave (has(has）+ + 過過去分詞去分詞movelivelovelike寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:visitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished fini

2、shedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以以e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾d寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞詞:stopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned注注:以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫最后一個輔音字母雙寫最后一個輔音字母ed雙寫雙寫edstudy hurrystudied studiedhurried hurried去去yied注注:以輔音字母加以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾

3、的詞結(jié)尾的詞,去去yied.寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:begive seemake put comewritewas/were beengave givensaw seenmade madeput putcame comewrote written注注:不規(guī)則動詞見書上不規(guī)則動詞見書上121頁不規(guī)則動詞表頁不規(guī)則動詞表.ABBAAA ABC1.我已經(jīng)買了一臺新電腦。我已經(jīng)買了一臺新電腦。2.他們還沒有游覽過海南島。他們還沒有游覽過海南島。3.你曾經(jīng)讀過這本書嗎？你曾經(jīng)讀過這本書嗎？4.我從來沒有看過這部電影。我從來沒有看過這部電影。5.他剛剛吃過早飯。他剛剛

4、吃過早飯。6.我最近看過一個精彩的展覽。我最近看過一個精彩的展覽。I have already bought a new computer.They havent visited Hainan Island yet.Have you ever read the book?I have never seen the film.He has just eaten his breakfast.I have seen a wonderful exhibition recently. 現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法一.表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。He has just

5、 turned off the light.He has just turned off the light. (他剛把燈關(guān)了。他剛把燈關(guān)了。)相當于：He turned off the light just now. The light isnt on now. 即關(guān)燈這一動作對現(xiàn)即關(guān)燈這一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響：現(xiàn)在燈不亮了。在造成的結(jié)果和影響：現(xiàn)在燈不亮了。 I have already finished my homework.I have already finished my homework.( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè)。)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時1.過去發(fā)生的

6、動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞過去分詞have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2000I still live hereI have lived here for more than ten years.I have lived here since 2000/over ten years ago.Gramm

7、ar 1.ppt二.表示從過去某一時刻開始并一直延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),但動作或狀態(tài)可能仍在繼續(xù)。She hashas livedlived here here sincesince she was born.she was born.自從她出生時就一直住在這兒。I I havehave learnt English learnt English for more thanfor more than ten yearsten years. . 我已經(jīng)學了10多年的英語。現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法一、一、sincesince Mr. Smith has worked hereMr

8、. Smith has worked here since 1984since 1984. . （1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自從自從7年前我就認識丹尼爾。年前我就認識丹尼爾。Hes learned about 5000 wordsHes learned about 5000 words since he since he went to college.went to college.（ (他上大學以來大約學了五千個英語單詞）一個過去時間點一個過去時間點(1980)一段時間一段時間ago從句（過去時）

9、從句（過去時）二二、forfor一段時間一段時間（two weeks/six months/five daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短語短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間表示動作延續(xù)多長時間 。 He has taught in this schoolHe has taught in this school for four years. for four years. I havent seen her I havent seen her for a long timefor a long time. . （我好久沒有見到她了。）Game :用 fo

10、r or since填空再互改 1. We have lived here _ 1990. 2. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years . 3. The boy has had a bad cold _ last night . 4. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ago . 5.I have taught in the school _ I came here two years ago. 6.We have been friends _ a long time .sinceForsincesinc

11、esincefor三.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.Have you ever been to the Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Summer Palace?(你曾去過頤和園嗎?) I have never had a car.I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。)2.2.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：ever,just,yet,already,never, before,for,ever,just,yet,already,never, before,for,Since, so far,

12、 over these years,in the past Since, so far, over these years,in the past yearsyears等不確定的時間狀語。等不確定的時間狀語。eg: They have lived here for ten years.eg: She has been in the Reading Club for many years .eg: I have known Daniel since ten years ago. 三、三、just, already, everjust, already, ever， recentlyrecentl

13、y，before, neverbefore, never是完成是完成時態(tài)的時間狀語，而時態(tài)的時間狀語，而just nowjust now / /a moment agoa moment ago 是一般過是一般過去時的時間狀語。去時的時間狀語。The train has just arrived.The train has just arrived. （火車剛到。）Did you see Joan just now?Did you see Joan just now? （你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Have you heard from your family Have you heard from y

14、our family recently?recently? （你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？） 與一般過去時的用法比較一一. .一般過去時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或表示過去發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作發(fā)單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，而生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，而現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時在完成時是表過去發(fā)生的某一動作是表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。是現(xiàn)在的情況。 二二. .一般過去時一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，常與具體的時間狀語連用，現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，通常與模糊的時間狀語連

15、用，或無時間狀語。或無時間狀語。 1. 1.一般過去時的時間狀語有一般過去時的時間狀語有: : yesterday ,last week,yesterday ,last week,一段時間一段時間ago, ago, in 1980in 1980（過去時間）（過去時間）, in October ,just , in October ,just now, a moment ago.now, a moment ago. eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .動動 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ y

16、ou already_ (clean) the room?1._ you already_ (clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? W

17、hen _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. He _ it last week. 3. _you ever _(be) there many times? 3. _you ever _(be) there many times? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawHaveHavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the

18、 novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.6. 6. How _ she _(go) there yesterday?How _ she _(go) there yesterday? She _(go) there by air.She _(go) there by air.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenteg：He has bought an Engli

19、sh-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，意為：“He bought He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過去時只敘述

20、過去他買過一本英漢字第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調(diào)說明。調(diào)說明。陳述句肯定形式。主語主語+ have/has+ 過去分詞過去分詞+其它其它e.g. I have had lunch. 已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 陳述句否定形式。主語主語+ have/has+ not+過去過去分詞分詞+（在助動詞have/has后+not，可縮寫為havent/hasnt）e.g. I havent had lunch. 我還沒吃午飯 He hasnt gone

21、to Beijing. 他還沒有去北京。 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本句型一般疑問句形式及其答語。Have/Has+主語主語過去分詞過去分詞（將助動詞have/has提前，句末加問號） 肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes , 主語主語 have/has. 否定回答：否定回答：No , 主語主語 havent/hasnt.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去過北京了嗎？ Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.特殊疑問句形式。（疑問詞+一般疑問句）特詞特詞+ have/has+主語過去分詞主語過去分詞？e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？ 現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時

22、構(gòu)成 have /has+v 過去分詞過去分詞(及物動詞及物動詞) 助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five y