英語(yǔ)演講及辯論教學(xué)大綱與計(jì)劃

1、英語(yǔ)演講及辯論課程大綱和要求總學(xué)時(shí)： 36 學(xué)時(shí)，周學(xué)時(shí)2，共上16周。教材： 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 參考教材：名人演講-響徹世界的聲音任課教師：辛柯教授教學(xué)目標(biāo)：本課程是為英語(yǔ)專業(yè)高年級(jí)學(xué)生開設(shè)的，其目的是培養(yǎng)高年紀(jì)學(xué)生較強(qiáng)的英語(yǔ)講演和辯論能力、較高層次的聽力、寫作能力、思辨能力和多層次分析問(wèn)題的能力，并擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面和詞匯量。教學(xué)要求：1、學(xué)生通過(guò)聽大量英語(yǔ)名人演講磁帶和閱讀有關(guān)英語(yǔ)演講材料，掌握演講文體的篇章特點(diǎn)，韻律節(jié)奏等。 2、學(xué)生根據(jù)教師所給定的主題(主要是社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題)，寫出自己的講稿（500800詞），在課后能熟練背誦，在班上演講（57分鐘），并回答教師與同學(xué)圍繞該主題所提的問(wèn)題。3、要求

2、學(xué)生就相關(guān)主題寫講稿之前，大量閱讀國(guó)內(nèi)外英文報(bào)紙或雜志、或聽英文廣播，或在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上搜尋資料；對(duì)有些觀點(diǎn)不能人云亦云，要從各個(gè)層面分析問(wèn)題，得出具有個(gè)人特點(diǎn)、令人信服的結(jié)論。4、學(xué)生根據(jù)同一主題，分正反兩方寫出演講稿，由正反方兩方選出代表，進(jìn)行辯論。由學(xué)生投票選出勝方?；蛘吒鶕?jù)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題舉行模擬記者招待會(huì),有記者對(duì)主持人提問(wèn)。 5、每學(xué)期每人要寫810篇演講稿。 6、要求學(xué)生課后反復(fù)聽課文所配錄音磁帶，并背誦部分段落。考試要求：期末根據(jù)本學(xué)期所給定的8-10個(gè)主題，教師對(duì)每一位學(xué)生指定或由學(xué)生選定主題準(zhǔn)備一篇講演稿或辯論稿。在演講之前，抓鬮決定每人的演講或辯論次序，由教師和三名學(xué)生擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)委打

3、分。成績(jī)： 參與課堂活動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)占總分的30%，完成作業(yè)情況占20%，上課考勤占10%，期末考試成績(jī)占40%，其中筆試（根據(jù)所給主題寫的講演稿）占20%，面對(duì)面和老師/學(xué)生辯論或討論占20%。序言語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力是一個(gè)人總體能力中非常重要的一部分，是一個(gè)人邏輯思維能力、理性分析能力、組織能力、決策能力、感召能力、個(gè)人魅力的總體表現(xiàn)。而語(yǔ)言表達(dá)中的幽默、哲理又是一個(gè)人智慧的體現(xiàn)。在公眾面前發(fā)表演講是衡量一個(gè)人語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的重要標(biāo)志。能用英語(yǔ)和他人就一個(gè)主題進(jìn)行辯論是外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)較高層次的要求；寫演講稿也是寫作的高層次要求，因?yàn)檠葜v稿是一種特殊的文體，從用詞、修辭、句子結(jié)構(gòu)到篇章結(jié)構(gòu)都有嚴(yán)格的要求。從不同的

4、方位和各個(gè)層次把問(wèn)題分析得有條有理，給聽眾提供信服的證據(jù)和結(jié)論也是演講家必備的能之一。高等教育不僅要培養(yǎng)工程師、教師、科學(xué)家、醫(yī)生、各種管理人員，同時(shí)培養(yǎng)企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以及雄辯的演講家和辯論家也是高等教育的目標(biāo)之一.要培養(yǎng)良好的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力需要大量的語(yǔ)言操練和科學(xué)思維的訓(xùn)練, 同時(shí)要加強(qiáng)背誦講稿的能力。里根總統(tǒng)在當(dāng)演員是就練成了非凡的記憶力。演講時(shí)配合得當(dāng)?shù)氖謩?shì)、恰如其分的面部表情，以及清晰的發(fā)音，準(zhǔn)確的句子和詞的重音都是需要長(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練的。Basic requirements for Public Speech and DebateSpeeches are not magic. A sp

5、eech is a combination of information and opinion written on paper and spoken. If you can have a thoughtful conversation, you can write and give a thoughtful speech. This is just one more reason why spoken English is so important. The following are the basic requirements for a public speech.1. The sp

6、eech should focus on one topic so that the audience can easily get the gist. The speech that covers too many thoughts, opinions or ideas could only confuse the audience. 2. No speech should last more than 20 minutes. The more important the message, the less time required to say it. The more you spea

7、k, the more boring the audient find it is. In other words, the shorter your speech is, the more easily it can be remembered! The Gettysburg Address given by President Lincoln lasted only about 3 minutes. 3. Complicated sentence patterns should be avoided. And parallel structure may very often produc

8、e amazing effect. 4. Choose your words carefully. Its important to remember that your words must be hearable and comprehensible the first time they are spoken.5. A clear pronunciation is necessary since a lot of words sound alike and the speaker has to give a distinct pronunciation of every word, bu

9、t sometimes he has to speak very slowly, sometimes very quickly with exciting rhythm. 6. With the help of gesture, the speaker sometimes has to invite the audience for participation, resulting in an exciting atmosphere.7. Humor is vital. Every speech needs it, and you need it, too, probably at the t

10、op. Ronald Reagan always wanted a joke at the beginning of a speech because he needed the quick victory of laughter. It helped him relax. It also helped the audience relax.8. While debating with others, the most important is to collect convincing facts or data to support your point of view and come

11、to a convincing conclusion. 9. Debating is an art that needs techniques as well as intensive training. The rational analysis of the question concerned and a quick response are based on the participants wide range of knowledge. 10. Dont forget to say thanks. Say your thanks in the manner or with the

12、tone. Offer a compliment or a warm word whenever you can. 英語(yǔ)演講及辯論課程計(jì)劃Teaching PlanThis semester we are to have 8 topics for public speech and debate and 4 press conferences. And each topic covers 4 hours; for the first 2 hours, students are divided into small groups (each consisting 4) and discuss t

13、he questions given on the topic. After class, they have to collect information on the topic through internet or by reading English newspapers. Then they have to write a speech of 800 to 1000 words. For the second 2 hours, students have to deliver their speeches, with each speech lasting for about 10

14、 to 15 minutes. Then the speaker has to answer the questions raised by their peers and try to defend his/her view. The four press conferences are held in class but preparation is to be done after class, based on the topics given by the instructor or selected by students themselves. Each press confer

15、ence needs 3 speakers, one standing for an expert in a specific academic field, another for government official, the other for organizer of the press conference. Each speaker has to deliver a short speech concerning the topic given and be ready to answer the questions raised by their peers. The prep

16、aration covers the collection of information from internet, reading newspapers, listening to the radios or discussion among students. Week 1 to 2: Topics: Urbanization in China（A constant migrant army of farmers from rural areas into urban areas, advantages and disadvantages 從鄉(xiāng)村大量流入大城市的農(nóng)民工給社會(huì)發(fā)展都帶來(lái)了那

17、些好處和弊端？）Questions to be discussed:1. What are the advantages of a constant flow of farmers from countryside into cities? What are the major contributions that the migrating farmers have made in your view?2. What are the disadvantages caused by the migrating farmers? Which one do you think that has t

18、he biggest potential danger?3. What can government at different levels do when so many farmers can not get their regular pay?4. Why do so many city people look down them while they benefit a lot from these migrating farmers?5. Why is it inevitable to stop this constant flow of farmers during the pro

19、cess of our urbanization and modernization?6. What are the main features of Chinese urbanization? Week 3 to 4：Topics：Marriage and divorce (The rising divorce rates, the development of mans civilization or the decline of mans moral standard 中國(guó)目前持高不下的離婚率是人類文明的進(jìn)步還是人們道德水準(zhǔn)的下降？）Question to be discussed: 1

20、. What are the main factors that caused divorce in China now? Which one do you think is more important than others?2. Why does our society become so tolerate to the third partner in the marriage in China now?3. Why does cohabitation (同居) becomes so popular in China now?4. Why do students from single

21、 parent family tend to have mental problems? What help can we offer?5. Why does economic booming in China triggers rising divorce while in Western society economic depression results in divorce booming?（for reference） 6. Who are hurt most in the divorce? The parents of those who are involved? Or the

22、 wife? Or the children? Why? 7. Why do governments at different levels adapt many policies to protect children benefits when their parents divorce? Why do children whose parents are not illegally married share the same benefits as other children when their parents parted? Marriage is, of course base

23、d on love but that does not necessarily mean that when love has gone the marriage is over. Marriage needs nourishing. It needs mutual trust, loyalty, understanding, consideration, patience, devotion as well as sacrifice.Week 5 to 6: Topic: Smoking, an enjoyment or slow suicide (抽煙是一種享受還是一種慢性自殺？)Ques

24、tions to be discussed:1 Why does the number of smokers, especially teenagers, keep rising dramatically in China while it drops down sharply in developed countries?2 Why does governments warn people of the danger of smoking while encourage farmers to grow more tobaccos and manufacturers to produce mo

25、re cigarettes?3 Why do so many medical doctors keep smoking even if they know many of their patients die of smoking related diseases?4 Why do so many college students keep smoking even if they dont have any income?5 If one of your family members smokes what hazards can it bring to the family? What c

26、an you do to help him/her quit smoking?6 Why does governments at different levels ban smoking in public places? What effective measures can be taken to do it? 7 Why is difficult to detect smoking related diseases, such as lung cancers? 8 If your spouse is a heavy smoker, what can you do help him/her

27、? And if all that fails, what can you do? Week 7 To 8: Topics: Develop public transportation or private cars （在中國(guó)目前經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，發(fā)展公交好還是發(fā)展私人小汽車好？） 1. What benefits can we get when we try to develop car industry?2. What problems are caused by the development of car industry?3. Why do many people insist that

28、we should develop public transportation first?4. Is it reasonable for many young couples to save money to buy private cars even if the price of gasoline keeps rising? Why?5. What is the possibility of replacing gasoline by other forms of clean energy?6. Why does government set very strict penalty fo

29、r drunk driving?7. What does the term “car culture mean”? What is difference between American and Chinese Car Culture? Week 9 to 10: Economic development and environment protection (經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)是否相互矛盾？)Questions to be discussed?1. Is it contradictory to develop our economy and improve our living standa

30、rd while focusing on the protection of our environment? Why?2. What facts cause the global warming? What bad effects can we predict?3. What does the policy of sustainable economic development really mean?4. What can we learn from the developed countries when they seriously polluted their environment

31、 during industrial revolution?5. How can we establish a friendly relationship between man and its environment? Week 11 to 12: Pet Animals, Benefits and Problems(寵物給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的好處多余弊端，還是問(wèn)題多余好處 1. Can you list the main reasons why so many people raise pet animals at home? Do you think that our society is so

32、affluent that we can afford what pet animals need? 2. What benefits do pet animals bring in? What kinds of people are likely to raise pet animals? What kind of pet animals do they raise? 3. What problems do pet animals cause? How do we handle these problems? What is the correct attitude towards pet

33、animals and their owners in our society? 4. It is reasonable for college students to raise pet animals at dorm? If yes, why? If no, why? What does school discipline say about it? 5. Rabies (hydrophobia 狂犬病) is a deadly disease spread by pet animals, but why do so many people risk their life to keep

34、pet animals? What diseases do man and animals share? 6Why does pet animals dropping become one of the biggest concerns for every big city across the world? What are your suggestions for it?Week 13 to 14: Topic: Facing a shrinking job market, what can we （job hunters）do？(大學(xué)畢業(yè)生如何面對(duì)緊縮的人才市場(chǎng)？)Questions t

35、o be discussed: 1. Why do so many people blame the development of hi-tech for shrinking job markets? Do you think that is reasonable?2. Do you think there is a striking gap between what you learnt in the university and what the job markets demand? If yes, Why? If not, why?3. What have you learnt fro

36、m being interviewed on the job markets?4. Why does sex discrimination on job markets still exist even if we claim men and women are born equal?5. Do you think it is reasonable for women to stay at home taking care of children and husbands when we are facing a shrinking job market?Week 15 to 16: Topi

37、c: One couple, one child policy(一對(duì)夫婦，一個(gè)孩子政策給社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的利和弊)Questions to be discussed:1. What advantages and disadvantages does the policy of “one couple, one child” bring to the development of our society?2. Why did “one child” policy meet strong policy in the late 70s and early 80s, especially in the r

38、ural areas but now it is well accepted?3. What potential dangers do we have if so many young couples dont want to have any children?4. Do you think that we will have a shortage of labor force in 10 or 20 years if we still carry out this policy? If yes，why? If not, why?5. What difference do you find

39、between the only child in the family and children who have brothers and sisters? Week 17 to 18：Topics: The early coming of the aged society and the incomplete welfare system in China (中國(guó)的老年社會(huì)的提前到來(lái)和還未健全的福利體制)Questions to be discussed: 1. How do we define the aged society? What characteristics does an

40、 aged society have?2. How do we define a complete welfare system in a society? What can the aged people benefit from the welfare system in China?3. Who should be responsible for the care of aged people in an “empty nest” when their adult children have gone (abroad) where they can make a living? 4. H

41、ave you ever imagined what you can do when your parents and your spouses parents (4 aged people)are not able to take care of themselves?5. Do you think it is reasonable for newly married young couple to follow the 5 basic steps in their life, firstly try to save money to buy a big apartment, secondl

42、y save money to buy a private car, thirdly save money for the only childs education, fourthly save money to enjoy themselves, fifthly save money for a decent retired life? If yes, why? If no, why?Week 1920 Topic: Keep away from drug (遠(yuǎn)離毒品)1. Why does drug abuse become so popular nowadays even if it

43、was eliminated in the early 50s?2. What are the dangers of drug abuse to our society?3. What joint efforts can be made by international community since drug smuggling is the biggest concern in the whole world?4. What knowledge do you have about different forms of drugs? What bad effects can they cau

44、se to human beings both physically and mentally? 5. What can we do to keep away from drugs?Simulated Press ConferencesProcedures: The organizer of the simulated press conference gives a brief introduction to the government official and the expert veterinarian and then to the main purpose of this pre

45、ss conference. The government official gives a brief account of the new development of bird flu in the country and the veterinarian offers some common knowledge on bird flu and what effective measures can be taken to stop it and how to prevent human beings from suffering it. Then audience from diffe

46、rent news medium ask questions and the three speakers give responses.Reference: Topic for 2007I. War in IraqQuestions to be raised:1. Is it reasonable for US government to overthrow Sardams Regime by force? If yes, why? If no, why? 2. Is it possible for a superpower to conquer a small nation by forc

47、e? If yes, why? If no, why?3. Why does the US government insist staying in Iraq in spite of the heavy loss of human lives including both American and British young soldiers and Iraq civilians?4. Do you think suicide-bombs are powerful weapons to fight against intruders?5. What is the best solution o

48、f Iraq war? II. Topics Coal Mine Disaster in China （煤礦瓦斯爆炸頻發(fā)所造成的災(zāi)難）Questions to be raised:1. What are the main reasons of gas explosion in China and so far how many miners were killed in China this year?2. Why does the central government demand that the local government officials withdraw their inve

49、stment from local mines? Why is it so hard for them to carry out this policy?3. What effective measures can be taken to prevent gas explosion in private mines?4. How do you compensate for the life loss for the victims relatives and what penalty can you give to the responsible people?5. Why do so man

50、y small and private coal mines still keep working even if the central government has already ordered to close down them?Reference: Topic for 2005 Bird Flu (禽流感在中國(guó)的最新發(fā)展)Questions to be raised:1. By what channels does bird flu spread so quickly? What effective measures can we take if bird flu is found

51、 in a chicken farm?2. What is the potential danger of bird flu to human beings? 3. Is it curable if man suffers from bird flu? What is the death percentage of bird flu patients?4. What evidences can you present to show that bird flu can not spread from men to men?5. What is the development of new va

52、ccine to protect human beings from bird flu? And so far how many people died of bird flu?II. Earthquake in Jiujiang （九江的地震） Questions to be raised:1. What effective measures have you taken so far to help homeless people after the earthquake? What do the victims of the earthquake deed badly?2. How ca

53、n you ensure that the donations of money or materials from the charity organization be fairly distributed among the victims of earthquake? Can the money be used for other purposes?3. How do governments at different levels help the local people reconstruct their homes?4. Is it possible to move these

54、people on the earthquake belts to other save place? If yes, why? If not, why? 5. What is the new development in China to predict earthquake? III. Gas Explosion in Different Coal Mines in China （煤礦瓦斯爆炸頻發(fā)所造成的災(zāi)難） Questions to be raised:6. What are the main reasons of gas explosion in China and so far how many miners were killed in China this year?7. Why does the central government demand that the local government officials withdraw their investment from local mines? Why is it so hard for them to carry out this policy?8. What effective measures can be taken to prevent gas explosion in