初中英語句子成分分析

1、句子成分句子成分主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 表語 定語 狀語 主語：是說明人或物，是句子的主體，一般放在主語：是說明人或物，是句子的主體，一般放在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中作主語。此外，句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中作主語。此外，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式也可以作主語。動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式也可以作主語。l例子：l1）Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist. (名詞)l2）He reads newspapers every day.(代詞)l3）Two and six is eight.(數(shù)詞)l4）Smoking is harmful to the health.(動(dòng)

2、名詞)l5）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式)l6）What we shall do is not decided.(從句)謂語：謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后l1）The new term begins on the 1st of September (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）l2）Her father is an engineer. (系動(dòng)詞)l3）It smells great. ( ? )賓語：指動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在賓語：指動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或或介詞介詞之后。介詞后面

3、的名詞或代詞稱為之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞稱為介介詞賓語詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子常用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。此外或句子常用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。此外動(dòng)詞不動(dòng)詞不定式定式可用作動(dòng)詞賓語，可用作動(dòng)詞賓語，動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞和和賓語從句賓語從句也可以也可以用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語l如：lHe wrote many plays. 他寫了許多劇本。lShe loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。lShe looks at her mother. 她看著她媽媽。lYou know what I want. 你知道我要什么。賓語補(bǔ)

4、足語：用來對(duì)賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語：用來對(duì)賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓語補(bǔ)語，的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓語補(bǔ)語，一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語及動(dòng)詞不定一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。式、分詞等充當(dāng)。lHe told us to stay. 他叫我們留下。lIve never seen her dancing. 我從未看見過她跳舞。lI found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很難拒絕他。lThe news make her happy. 消息讓她開心。表語：表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，表語：表示主語

5、的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語從句或相動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語從句或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當(dāng)，當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當(dāng)，位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句構(gòu)成句子的謂語子的謂語lBe careful! 小心!lHe looks very angry. 他看上去很生氣。lHis job is looking after sheep. 他的任務(wù)是看羊。定語：定語：l對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說明名詞或代詞的成分是定語。單詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在他

6、所修飾的名詞之前，但在修飾復(fù)合不定代詞（如：nothing，anything，everything，something等）時(shí)，則放在這些不定代詞之后。短語和從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和定語從句及句子等充當(dāng)。lIts an interesting story. 那是一個(gè)有趣的故事。lDo you have time to help us? 你有時(shí)間幫助我們嗎?lWho is the woman crying? 正在哭的女人是誰?lShe is a girl who loves flowers. 她是個(gè)愛花的女

7、孩。lThis is a book I bought yesterday. 這是我昨天買的書。狀語：狀語：l用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個(gè)句子等的成分是狀語，修飾形容詞的狀語通常放在它所修飾的形容詞之前，修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。但有些副詞（如：always，often等）作狀語時(shí)，則放在行為動(dòng)詞之前。一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語、名詞詞組、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、分詞短語或狀語從句充當(dāng)。如lWe like English very much. 我們非常喜歡英語。lHer uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。lMary runs quickly. 瑪麗

8、跑得很快。When I win, I will jump up and down.(時(shí)間狀語從句)If you are sick, you must go to see a doctor.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）詳見課本P112和P113.同位語同位語l若兩個(gè)語法單位指同一個(gè)人或事物，并且，句法功能也一樣，那么，后一項(xiàng)稱為前一項(xiàng)的同位語。lThis is my friend Harry. 這是我的朋友哈利。lWe students should study hard. 我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。lThe boy, called Jack, was born in 1999. 叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。如

9、何確定一個(gè)單詞在句子中的詞類和如何確定一個(gè)單詞在句子中的詞類和成分？成分？l在英語中，一個(gè)單詞往往屬于幾種詞類，因而詞義和在句中的作用也就有所不同。l在英譯漢時(shí)，如何正確理解某詞的詞類、詞義和作用;在漢譯英時(shí)，如何正確使用某詞表達(dá)某義，除了必要時(shí)查閱詞典外，更重要的是要掌握正確的分析方法。-應(yīng)根據(jù)一個(gè)詞在句中的位置、與其他詞的關(guān)系以及在句中的作用來確定其詞類、詞義和在句中的成分。(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞 (4分，4分鐘) The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an ol

10、d man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. (二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 (10分，10分鐘) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.

11、 longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his

12、homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. who

13、m D. book 三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D People all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how ab

14、out you? A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made him monitor of the class. A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. A B C D

15、 ( (四) 挑出下列句中的表語 (5分，5分鐘) The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn about it. A B C D (五五)挑出下列句中的定語挑出下列句中的定語(6分，分，6分鐘分鐘)TheyuseMr.Mrs.witht

16、hefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六六)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語(6分，分，6分鐘分鐘)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.DHeaskedhertotaketheboyo

17、utofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語（8分， 8分鐘） Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshel