定語從句課件

1、 英語的定語英語的定語一、定義一、定義 在句子中修飾、限定名詞或代詞的單詞、在句子中修飾、限定名詞或代詞的單詞、短語或句子稱為定語，漢語用短語或句子稱為定語，漢語用“的的”表表示。示。二、位置、類別：二、位置、類別：定語分為前置定語和后置定語分為前置定語和后置定語。前置定語在名詞中心詞之前，前置定定語。前置定語在名詞中心詞之前，前置定語通常較短；后置定語在名詞中心詞之后，語通常較短；后置定語在名詞中心詞之后，后置定語通常較長。后置定語通常較長。三、可作定語的成分三、可作定語的成分 adjnpron名詞所有格名詞所有格數(shù)詞數(shù)詞不定不定式式分詞分詞動名詞動名詞介詞短語介詞短語adv從句從句。 He

2、s a tall man. 。 There are a lot of banana trees on the island. Three thousand people watched the game. There is a swimming pool near our school. frozen food fallen leaves Many men are working there. 他是個高個子的男子他是個高個子的男子島上有許多香蕉樹島上有許多香蕉樹三千人觀看了球賽。三千人觀看了球賽。我們學(xué)校附近有一個游泳池。我們學(xué)校附近有一個游泳池。冷凍食品冷凍食品落葉落葉許多人在那兒工作。許多

3、人在那兒工作。難點：1.多個形容詞作定語順序簡記：抽大高形齡色國材用 如：a small wonderful gift2.形容詞作定語后置的幾種情況 當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞時 one, no, any, some, something , anyone, nothing etc Is there anything new in todays newspaper? 當(dāng)“形容詞+介詞/不定式” 構(gòu)成的短語作定語時 The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. The man carried a bag full of rice on

4、 his back. 當(dāng)兩個意義相反的形容詞用當(dāng)兩個意義相反的形容詞用“bothand”; and; or;或或 so 連在一起作連在一起作定語時定語時 The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive. People in this village, young and old, men and women are fond of singing and dancing. He took everything, useful or useless. 3.表語形容詞作定語表語形容詞作定語 有些形容

5、詞只作表語，而不做前置定語。有些形容詞只作表語，而不做前置定語。如：如： afraid, alone, alive，alike, awake, asleep, ashamed, sorry, sure等，但等，但alone, alive，alike, awake, afraid等可作后置定語。等可作后置定語。 eg. He is the greatest poet alive. 但如果該形容詞本身帶有但如果該形容詞本身帶有adv來修飾時，可做來修飾時，可做前置定語。前置定語。 eg. I found a wide awake soldier in the burning building. 4

6、. 其他定語后置的情況 介詞短語作定語，如：the book on the desk； 不定式或不定式短語，如：a question to ask； 分詞短語，如：the man riding a horse, the boy called John。 副詞作定語，如：People here are very kind. The room above is mine. 5.非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 （1）動詞不定式）動詞不定式(多表示將來的意思多表示將來的意思) 只能做后置定語，不能前置只能做后置定語，不能前置 動詞不定式與所修飾的詞之間往往有主謂或動賓關(guān)系動詞不定式與所修飾的詞之間往

7、往有主謂或動賓關(guān)系,如果該不如果該不定式是不及物動詞定式是不及物動詞,或者該不定式本身有賓語或者該不定式本身有賓語,后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 eg. We only have a small room to live in. She bought a bookshelf to put her books on. 多與序數(shù)詞、最高級連用多與序數(shù)詞、最高級連用 -The last one to arrive pays the meal. -Agreed So far, we havent found the best way to settle the problem. I sen

8、d you one hundred dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. （2）分詞作定語）分詞作定語 分詞單獨作定語，通常放在所修飾詞前；分詞短語分詞單獨作定語，通常放在所修飾詞前；分詞短語作定語放作定語放 在所修飾詞的后面在所修飾詞的后面. eg. The sleeping boy is Tom The boy sleeping on the ground is Tom. 過去分詞作定語，與所修飾詞之間為動賓關(guān)系過去分詞作定語，與所修飾詞之間為動賓關(guān)系 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，與所修飾詞之間為主謂關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，與所修飾詞之間為主謂關(guān)系The

9、 trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road.Dont respond to any e-mails asking personal Information, no matter how official they lookThe Attributive Clause 定語從句復(fù)習(xí)定語從句復(fù)習(xí)定義：定義：修飾、限定一個名詞或代詞的簡單句。修飾、限定一個名詞或代詞的簡單句。被修飾的名詞被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即詞組或代詞即先行詞先行詞。定語從。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞先行詞之后，由之后，由關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞

10、關(guān)系代詞或或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞）引出）引出 定語從句復(fù)習(xí)課件使用說明定語從句復(fù)習(xí)課件使用說明1.定語從句的分類定語從句的分類2.定語從句中的注意事項定語從句中的注意事項3.關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關(guān)系4.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的比較限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的比較6.非限制性定語從句和單句的比較非限制性定語從句和單句的比較7.只能用只能用that 、which的情況的情況8.as引導(dǎo)的兩種定語從句引導(dǎo)的兩種定語從句9.介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況 定

11、語從句復(fù)習(xí)定語從句復(fù)習(xí)定語從句定語從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語從句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句的構(gòu)成限制性定語從句的構(gòu)成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞

12、 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞注意事項注意事項:1.從句的位置從句的位置:2.翻譯方法翻譯方法:3.構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：先行詞先行詞 之后之后“.的的”關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句后置定語從句后置The day came at last when I went to college.He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系A(chǔ) plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window

13、 is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)指指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞Join the following sen

14、tences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)a m

15、achine that /which關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. 關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterda

16、y. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the

17、following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The

18、 girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.指人指人指物指物主語主語賓語賓語thatwhichwhowhom關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：何時可以省略？何時可以省略？指人指人指物指物主語主語賓語賓語that whichwhowhom關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：何時可以省略？何時可以省略？做做賓語賓語時可以省略時可以省略關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí)關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí)1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The f

19、riend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night

20、 was not hungry. .He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year.

21、There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the pla

22、ce I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which幾種易混的情況幾種易混的情況及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞難用的難用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student. His Englis

23、h is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格難用的難用的 whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house w

24、hose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular

25、with the students.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻譯翻譯限制性定限制性定語從句語從句非限制性非限制性定語從句定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.Please compare:形式形式作用作用翻譯翻譯限

26、制性定限制性定語從句語從句非限制性非限制性定語從句定語從句插入成插入成分分修飾限定修飾限定補充解釋補充解釋能能不能不能.的的能否省略能否省略Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果The town where I live is beautiful.Yilong, where I live, is beautiful.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果限

27、制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定語從句和單句的比較非限制性定語從句和單句的比較2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Har

28、ry Porter, _is an interesting book.which只能用只能用that 做關(guān)系代詞的情況做關(guān)系代詞的情況1. 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,little, much,等不定代詞時。等不定代詞時。2.2.先行詞被先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, fewno, some

29、, few等修飾時等修飾時3 3先行詞有先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時修飾時4 4先行詞先行詞既指人又指物既指人又指物時時5 5先行詞被先行詞被the only, the verythe only, the very修飾時修飾時6. 6. 句中已經(jīng)有句中已經(jīng)有whowho時，為了時，為了避免重復(fù)避免重復(fù)時時只能用只能用which 做關(guān)系代詞的情況做關(guān)系代詞的情況1.1.在非限制性定語從句中，只能用在非限制性定語從句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，指代物，用用who/whomwho/whom指人指人. .2.2.在由在由“介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從

30、句中，引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。3.3.先行詞本身是先行詞本身是thatthat時，關(guān)系詞用時，關(guān)系詞用which, which, 先先行詞為行詞為those, one, hethose, one, he時多用時多用whowho。as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all

31、 that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定語從句在句首時只能用定語從句在句首時只能用as,as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書和我丟的那本一模

32、一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。這本書就是我丟的那本。as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asth

33、at這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句定語從句)這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句)介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinA

34、re these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentenc

35、es right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情

36、況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可見可見,who、that 不能用與介詞之后不能用與介詞之后 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the b

37、ook she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is v

38、ery good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 練習(xí)練習(xí)1)根據(jù)先行詞的根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣搭配習(xí)慣來決定。來決定。1. This is the knife _ I usually c

39、ut my pencil.2. We cant live without the sun_ we get heat and light.with whichfrom whichConclusion1.The house _ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago. A. which B. in front of which C. that D. in the front of whichTest yourselves2.The house I grew up _has been taken down and replaced

40、 by an office building.（2009江西，江西，26） A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which3.Some biologists believe this is an ancient survival strategy,_a diet with 30 percent fewer calories than usual increased life span.(2010江蘇南通江蘇南通一模一模) A.for which B.to which C.of which D.in which2）根據(jù)定語從句中）根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭的習(xí)慣搭

41、 配來決定。配來決定。Test yourself1. Do you know the girl_ our head teacher is talking ?2. I cant find my dictionary _I paid over $100 .3. This is the good car_ _I spent all my money.4. She is the teacher _all his students show respect .5. The teacher_ _you have been waiting is coming in a minute.to/with/abou

42、t whom for which on whichto whomfor whomtalking to/with /about the girlpay for the dictionaryspend money on the carshow respect to the teacherwaiting for the teacher Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future.(2010 上海，上海，38) A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from wh

43、ich2. Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time. (2009 陜西，陜西，11)A.Of which B.with whichC.About which D.into whichI ll never forget the day _he made the speech._ _ _ _+On the dayOn whichThe moment _which I made the decision is exciting. _ the moment atatThe month _which I left fo

44、r vocation is July. _ the month in in Air, _ which man cant live, is really important.3）根據(jù)定語從句所表達的）根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義意義來確定來確定withoutThe pen _which he is writing now was bought yesterday.with1) The German boss_ the actress works is a kind person.2) The host _ _ the guest speaker works likes singing.3) The

45、pen friend _the poet writes is good at literature.for whomwith whomto whomHave you met the person _ he was speaking?He is the man _ you can turn for help. The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be.This is the tree _ we used to play games.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yeste

46、rday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.Conclusion(more examples) about whom to whom on which under which with which without whichIs this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在在固定短語固定短語中介詞不能提前中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前固定搭

47、配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前.常見的這類動詞短語有常見的這類動詞短語有: look for/after/forward to, care for(照顧，喜歡）照顧，喜歡）hear of/about/from, take care of等等. This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister. China is a beautiful country, _ _ we are proud. Do you remember the day _ _ you joined ou

48、r club? This is the house _ _ I lived two years ago. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could turn for help. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could ask for help. of on which in which to whomfrom whom which Fill in the blanks with “preposition+which/whom”:6

49、.In his room, we saw a big table _ _ there were 3 magazines.7.Glasses, _ _I cant see clearly, are really important for me.8.This is the man _ _ I learned the news.9. The pen _ _ I write every day is broken.10.The man _ _ I bought the picture is over 80.11.Can you give me some paper _ _ I can write a

50、 note? on without which from whom with which for /from whom onwhichwhichThis is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher_ is a famous doctor.1.名詞名詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞the daughter of whomRecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）, _ was very reasonable（合理的）. A. which price B.

51、the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose (What about C?)We have three foreign teachers, _are from Canada. (其中的兩個）2.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）百分?jǐn)?shù)） two of whomThe factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of whichB. which of C

52、. of them D. of that (How about C?)3. 代詞代詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞（代詞有（代詞有all, both, none, neither, either, some, any等）等） The old woman has two sons, _ are teachers.（兩個都是）（兩個都是）both of whomLast week, two persons came to see the house, _wanted to buy it.A. both of theyB. neither of whom C. both of them D. all

53、of whom(Think about C.)4. 形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞China has thousands of islands, _ is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）（其中最大的）the largest of which There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 5.介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞+名詞

54、名詞He spent four years in college, _ he studied medicine.（在那段時間內(nèi)）during which timeIn the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which Exercises: 1.The newly-built cafe , the walls of_are painted light green,is rea

55、lly a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work.(2010江蘇，江蘇，32)A.that B.it C.what D.whichTip:the walls of the newly-built cafeExercises:2.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of_left their village homes for a better life in the city. （2010浙江，浙江，3） A.whom B.which C.them D.thoseTi

56、p:many of peopleExercises:3.She brought with her three friends,none of_I had ever met before. (2009寧夏，寧夏，28)A.them B.who C.whom D.theseTip:none of her three friendsExercises:4. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared rare rainbow soon. （2008福建

57、福建,31） A. of whichB. on which C. from whichD. above which Tip: The rainbow appeared above the top of the mountain.Exercises:5. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. (2008陜西陜西,13) A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which Tip: the hands of the gold watch1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the th